The art of technical writing for York UniversitySusan Visser
As an expert, you know a lot about your area of expertise. Now is the time for you to share what you know so others think of you as an expert. Do this by writing! Writing is hard work, but with these tips, you'll be an expert at that too!
By the end of the lesson you will be able to –
say what a report is.
describe why we write reports.
say how should it be.
Success criteria of a good report
say the types of report.
describe various part of a newspaper report.
write a newspaper report maintaining its structure.
The art of technical writing for York UniversitySusan Visser
As an expert, you know a lot about your area of expertise. Now is the time for you to share what you know so others think of you as an expert. Do this by writing! Writing is hard work, but with these tips, you'll be an expert at that too!
By the end of the lesson you will be able to –
say what a report is.
describe why we write reports.
say how should it be.
Success criteria of a good report
say the types of report.
describe various part of a newspaper report.
write a newspaper report maintaining its structure.
Social Media plan , why social media , Benefits of social media , channels of social media , social media for free , social media paid , Road-map , what does a social media package include?
Definition of Planning.
Definition of Success.
SWOT Analysis
Steps of Strategic planning.
Mindset
KPI (Definition & Example)
Measuring Success.
Using KPI to measure success of strategy.
Remember
Advanced presentation & communication skills . learn about communication , presentation skills, body language, How to design an effective presentation with applications , assignment & videos.
Presentation skills designed for autistic kids teachergihan aboueleish
Presentation skills designed for autistic kids who can't communicate properly.
Presentation types.
Tone / voice
Eye contact
Selecting the presentation tool
Presentation Elements;
Goals.
Titles.
Gathering data / information
Selecting the needed information
Set the plan
Select the presentation style / design /color
Personality development is actually the development from the organized pattern of attitudes and behaviors which makes an individual distinctive. A quick definition could be, personality is composed of the characteristic designs of feelings, behaviors and thoughts which make a person special.
Characteristics of Report || Characteristics of Short Report || Presentation ...Mahabub Azam
Characteristics of Report || Characteristics of Short Report That objective and purpose can only be achieved if a report has the following qualities and characteristics: It should be factual: Every report should be based on facts, verified information and valid proofs. Clear and Easily understandable: Explained below. Free from errors and duplication.
Social Media plan , why social media , Benefits of social media , channels of social media , social media for free , social media paid , Road-map , what does a social media package include?
Definition of Planning.
Definition of Success.
SWOT Analysis
Steps of Strategic planning.
Mindset
KPI (Definition & Example)
Measuring Success.
Using KPI to measure success of strategy.
Remember
Advanced presentation & communication skills . learn about communication , presentation skills, body language, How to design an effective presentation with applications , assignment & videos.
Presentation skills designed for autistic kids teachergihan aboueleish
Presentation skills designed for autistic kids who can't communicate properly.
Presentation types.
Tone / voice
Eye contact
Selecting the presentation tool
Presentation Elements;
Goals.
Titles.
Gathering data / information
Selecting the needed information
Set the plan
Select the presentation style / design /color
Personality development is actually the development from the organized pattern of attitudes and behaviors which makes an individual distinctive. A quick definition could be, personality is composed of the characteristic designs of feelings, behaviors and thoughts which make a person special.
Characteristics of Report || Characteristics of Short Report || Presentation ...Mahabub Azam
Characteristics of Report || Characteristics of Short Report That objective and purpose can only be achieved if a report has the following qualities and characteristics: It should be factual: Every report should be based on facts, verified information and valid proofs. Clear and Easily understandable: Explained below. Free from errors and duplication.
Identify the major social criticisms of marketing
Define consumerism and environmentalism and explain how they affect marketing strategies
Describe the principles of socially responsible marketing
Explain the role of ethics in marketing
Academic training for the pre-graduate students , held in both Cairo University & Ain Shams University - duration is 1hr.
Contents ;
- Definition.
- Process of communication
- Types of communication
- Barriers to communication
- Path of good communication
- How to overcome the barriers.
Definition of Planning.
Definition of Success.
SWOT Analysis
Steps of Strategic planning.
Mindset
KPI (Definition & Example)
Measuring Success.
Using KPI to measure success of strategy.
Remember
What is Emotional Intelligence?
1. Self-awareness.
2. Managing Emotions.
3. Motivation
4. Empathy.
05- Handling relationships
How To Develop A Higher Sense Of Emotional Intelligence?
IQ vs. EQ
Components of Emotional Quotient.
Characteristics of Emotional Intelligent PeopleHow to Increase Your EQ?
Importance.
Implementation
Social Media plan , why social media , Benefits of social media , channels of social media , social media for free , social media paid , Road-map , what does a social media package include?
Legality is only a first step
Questions to ask: When faced with a potentially unethical action.
Management’s role
Compliance/Integrity based codes
Corporate social responsibility
A definition and stakeholders
Types of Reports
What makes a good report?
How to Write Reports
Clarity and Structure
Figures and Tables (floats)
Technical Issues
Sales Proposals
Computer Reports
Anatomy of a Report
Future of Reports
Further reading
Conclusions
What is Negotiation?
Features of Negotiation
Why Negotiate ?
Types of Negotiation
Distributive Vs Integrative Negotiation
Negotiation Process
BATNA
Bargaining Zone Model of Negotiation
Negotiating Behavior
Issues in Negotiation
Third party Negotiations
How to achieve an Effective Negotiation
Negotiation Tips
What is Negotiation?
Features of Negotiation
Why Negotiate ?
Types of Negotiation
Distributive Vs Integrative Negotiation
Negotiation Process
BATNA
Bargaining Zone Model of Negotiation
Negotiating Behavior
Issues in Negotiation
Third party Negotiations
How to achieve an Effective Negotiation
Negotiation Tips
What is market opportunity analysis?
How to identify unmet and/or under-served customer needs?
How to identify the most attractive customers?
How to assess your competitive advantage?
How to assess your resource needs?
How to assess the market readiness of technology?
How to craft an opportunity story?
How to assess the market opportunity’s attractiveness?
• Principles underpinning all etiquette: the Golden and Platinum rules.
• Perception Equals Reality.
• Initial and Sustained Perception
• Communicating with Confidence
o PRESENCE
o APPEARANCE
o Handshaking exercise handout
o DRESS handout
o Grooming
o Mental rehearsal
o Make your first words count
• Interaction: Listening skills handout
• Interaction: Listening skills
• Interactive moment
• Planning a message
o Outlining your message
o Write an effective opening
o Order your arguments
• TELEPHONES AND FRONT DOORS
o Telephone Etiquette handout & exercise.
o General Do’s and Don’ts.
o Conference calls.
o Voice Mail
o Cell phone.
• At the Office
o Understanding Office Protocol
o Introducing yourself
o Introduce lower ranking person to higher ranking person. Include useful information
o Remembering names
o Speak with authority
o Write with authoritatively and positively and concisely.
o Notes of Appreciation
• Ice breakers
• Meeting Etiquette "Before , During & After"
• Social Events
• TABLE MANNERS
o Business Meals
o Rules of the host.
o Rules of the guest.
o Dining Etiquette
• MORALS AND MANNERS
• ATTITUDE
• PROVIDING SOLUTIONS TO CLIENT PROBLEMS
• TRAVELING AND SELLING
Workshop in two days with 12 hrs duration for mid-management level.
Identify the characteristics of an effective leader & identify their leadership styles.
Obtain a deeper understanding of leadership by a review of appropriate theories
Understand the meaning of, and barriers to, motivation.
Evaluate & apply motivation theories to their current operation.
Develop their teams to maximize their strengths and enhance productivity
Motivate their teams with effective performance measurement
Leverage the complementary skills and styles of their teams
Eliminate barriers and chokepoints that block teamwork
Develop a personal action plan to develop their leadership style
Integrate their leadership responsibilities, competencies and behaviors into their management role
Optimize organization and work design for success in service delivery teams
Creativity and Types of Innovation
Conceptual Blocks
Three Components of Creativity
The Paradoxical Characteristics of Creative Groups
Tools for Defining Problems and Creating New Ideas
Creating a Creative Climate
Creative problem solving.
Creativity and Types of Innovation
Types of Innovation
Conceptual Blocks to Creativity
Conceptual Blocks
Components of Creativity.
Tools for Defining Problems
Tools for Creating New Ideas.
Creating a Creative Climate
Advanced presentation & communication skills universalgihan aboueleish
Advanced presentation & communication skills . learn about communication , presentation skills, body language, How to design an effective presentation with applications , assignment & videos.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
2. OUTLINES
What makes a good report?
Clarity and Structure
Figures and Tables (floats)
Technical Issues
Further reading
Conclusions
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
2
3. BEFORE WE START
Discussion : what you find most difficult in
writing a report…
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 3
4. THE PURPOSE....
The report exists to provide the reader with
useful information
It succeeds if it effectively communicates the
information to the intended audience
It fails otherwise!!
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 4
5. TO SUCCEED...
The report must be
Clear
Well structured, clear, concise, suitable for the
intended audience
Professional
statisticallycorrect, correctly spelled, produced with a
decent word processor
Well illustrated
illustrations that aid understanding, integrated with
text
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 5
6. VIDEO “9.30MIN”
The Key Forms of Business Writing: Reports
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
6
10. CLASSIFICATION OF REPORTS
Formal Reports and Informal Reports
Information Reports
Analytical Reports
Recommendation Reports
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 10
11. ASSESSING THE AUDIENCE
Any piece of written material is aimed at a specific
audience:
Who are your readers? Professors, managers, engineers,
scientists, or technicians? What terms will you have to
define? What background information will you have to
include?
Why is audience reading the document? Is the document
supposed to inform or to convince?
How will they read your document? Will they read it straight
through like a story or will they turn to specific sections?
Based on http://www.writing.eng.vt.edu/workbooks/intro.html#audience
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
11
12. THE AUDIENCE
Often 3 different audiences
The casual reader/big boss who wants the main
message as painlessly as possible
The interested reader who wants more detail but
doesn‟t want to grapple with all the gory technical
details
The guru who wants the whole story
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 12
13. WHAT TO DO?
To address all 3 audiences effectively,
Include an abstract for the big boss
A main body for the interested non-specialist
A technical appendix for the guru
Thus, a structure emerges!
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
13
14. ELEMENTS OF STYLE: REPORT STRUCTURE
There are no “set in stone” rules for the structure of your report but most reports will
include some or all of the following***
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Experimental Method
Theory
Experimental Results
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Appendices of raw data and calculations where
appropriate.
***some sections have to be in a report
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 14
15. ELEMENTS OF STYLE: SOME KEY DOS AND
DON’TS
DO: DON’T:
include an abstract that
concisely summarises the just list instructions on how to
outcome of the experiment- perform the experiment
including numbers!
give detailed arithmetic or
use the appropriate tense-you
are reporting on an experiment algebraic calculations
that has been carried out in the use jargon or undefined
past abbreviations
ensure all figures have make excessive use of
appropriate numbered captions personal style of “I” or “we”
ensure you reference all source (but we often use impersonal
material appropriately (see “we”!)
later) give long lists of experimental
consider when words should results in the main text of the
begin with a capital letter report-use appendices if really
re-read and review your report necessary
critically before handing in for
marking
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 15
16. ELEMENTS OF STYLE: USE OUR TEMPLATE
FOR REPORT WRITING
https://teachweb.ph.man.ac.uk/lab/info/year1/1stYearReportTemplate.doc
Title first word starts with a capital
Jack A Surname1 and (if joint) Jill Surname2
School of Physics and Astronomy
The University of Manchester
First Year Laboratory Report
Nov 2003
This experiment was performed in collaboration with T Partnername.
Abstract
16
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
17. REPORT BODY
Introduction
Purpose and Scope;Limitations, Assumptions, and Methods
Background/History of the Problem
Body
Presents and interprets data
Conclusions and Recommendations
References or Works Cited
Appendixes
Interview transcripts, questionnaires, question tallies,
printouts, and previous reports
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
17
18. TITLE
Should be informative, “punchy”;
Good
The perfidious polynomial (punchy, alliterative)
Diagnosing diabetes mellitus: how to test, who to
test, when to test (dramatic, informative)
Bad
Some bounds on the distribution of certain quadratic
forms in normal random variables (boring, vague)
Performing round off analyses of statistical
algorithms (boring, vague)
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
18
19. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Shows the structure of the document and lets
the reader navigate through the sections
Include for documents more than a few pages
long.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 19
20. ABSTRACT/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Describes the problem and the solution in a few
sentences. It will be all the big boss reads!
Remember the 2 rules
Keep it short
State problem and solution
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 20
21. THE INTRODUCTION
State the question, background the problem
Describe similar work
Outline the approach
Describe the contents of the rest of the paper
in Section 2 we ...
in Section 3 we ...
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
21
22. FURTHER SECTIONS
Describe
Data
Methods
Analyses
Findings
Don‟t include too much technical detail
Divide up into sections, subsections
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 22
23. CONCLUSIONS/SUMMARY
Summarize what has been discovered
Repeat the question
Give the answer
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
23
24. APPENDIX
This is where the technical details go.
Be as technical as you like.
Document your analysis so it can be.
reproduced by others
Include the data set if feasible
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 24
25. REFERENCES
Always cite (i.e. give a reference) to other
related work or facts/opinions that you quote.
Never pass off the work of others as your own –
this is plagiarism and is a very big academic
crime!!
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
25
26. USING EXTERNAL SOURCES
For many documents we write, we use external sources.
How do you use sources?
Go straight to Wikipedia and copy?
Use a single authorities source?
Use multiple sources without telling?
Use an old report as template?
All of these have elements of academic cheating (plagiarism).
So is there a correct way to use external material?
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
26
27. FAMOUS EXAMPLES
George Harrison Martin Luther King Ibrahim Al-Marashi Madonna
The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) US (German-born) physicist
Copy from one, it's plagiarism; copy from two, it's research.
Wilson Mizner (1876 - 1933) US screenwriter
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 27
28. HOW TO CITE
In the text
Seber and Wild (1989) state that…..
In the references
Seber, G.A.F and C.J. Wild. (1989). Nonlinear
Regression. New York: Wiley.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 28
29. WRITING CLEARLY
Structure alone is not enough for clarity – you
must also write clear sentences.
Rules:
Write complete short sentences
Avoid jargon and cliché, strive for simplicity
One theme per paragraph
If a sentence contains maths, it still must make sense!
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 29
30. AGHHHH!
He wrote
Although solitary under normal prevailing circumstances,
raccoons may congregate simultaneously in certain
situations of artificially enhanced resource availability.
He meant..
Raccoons live alone but come together to eat bait.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 30
31. MATHS
Good
From the equation y ax b it follows that
x ( y b) / a.
Bad
y ax b x ( y b) / a
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
32. FIGURES AND TABLES (FLOATS)
Golden rules for Figures and Tables:
Describe float in text (integration), make sure it
matches description
Place after the first mention in the text
Make sure float conveys the desired message clearly:
keep it simple!
Provide informative captions
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
32
33. FIGURES
Always label and give a caption under the figure
Be aware of good graphics principles: avoid
chart junk
low data/ink ratio
unlabelled axes
broken axes
Misleading scales
See Cleveland, “The Elements of Graphing Data”,
“Visualising Data”
Using a good graphics package (R!) helps enforce good
practice
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
33
35. African elephant
Asian elephant
8
Human
Giraffe Horse
Donkey
Chimpanzee Cow
6 Sheep
Gorilla
Log Brain weight (gm)
Rhesus monkey Pig
Jaguar Brachiosaurus
Potar monkey Grey wolf
Goat
Triceratops
Kangaroo
4
Dipliodocus
Better! Cat
Rabbit
Mountain beaver
2
Guinea pig
Mole
Rat
0
Golden hamster
Mouse
0 5 10
Log Body weight (kg)
Figure 1. Plot of log Brain weights (gm) versus
log body weights (kg) for 28 species
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 35
36. TABLES
Always label and give a caption over the
table
Be aware of rules for good tables:
avoid vertical lines
don‟t have too many decimal places
compare columns not rows
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
36
37. Multiple Prefix Symbol
1012 tera T
109 giga G Too busy
106 mega M
103 kilo K
10-1 deci d
Multiple Prefix Symbol
1012 tera T
Better
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo K
10-1 deci d
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
37
38. Multiple 1012 109 106 103 10-1 Horizontal
Prefix tera giga mega kilo deci hard to read
Symbol T G M K d
Multiple Prefix Symbol
1012 tera T
Vertical
109 giga G
easier to read
106 mega M
103 kilo K
10-1 deci d
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 38
39. Number of
Time (secs)
Processors
Busy – too
1 28.35221
many DP’s
4 7.218812
8 3.634951
16 1.929347
Number of
Time (secs)
Processors
Better
1 28.35
4 7.21
8 3.63
16 1.92
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
39
40. TECHNICAL ISSUES
Sectioning
Table of Contents
Spelling and Grammar
Choice of word processor
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 40
41. SECTIONING
Proper division of your work into sections and
subsections makes the structure clear and the
document easy to follow
Use styles in word/ sectioning commands in
Latex
begin{section}….end{section}
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 41
42. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Provides “navigation aid”
Make sure TOC agrees with main body of text
If you use styles (Word) and sectioning
commands (Latex) this will happen
automatically
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 42
43. SPELLING AND GRAMMAR
Use a style manual/dictionary if in doubt.
Spell check!!!!
Proofread!!!!
He meant…
This technique can also be applied to the analysis
of golf balls
He typed….
This technique cam also by applies to the analysis
or gold bills
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 43
44. CHOICE OF WORD PROCESSOR
Word or Latex?
My spin…..
Use Word for a short document with few figures and
tables and little mathematics
Use Latex for a longer document with many figures
and tables and lots of complicated maths.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
44
45. FURTHER READING
There are many excellent books giving good advice on
technical writing.
Two I like are
Higham, Nicholas (1993) Handbook of writing for the
Mathematical Sciences, Philadelphia, SIAM.
Silyn-Roberts, Heather (2000). Writing for Science and
Engineering: Papers Presentations and Reports. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinmann.
Both discuss writing reports and giving verbal
presentations.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
45
46. CONCLUSIONS
Structure is vital
Write clearly
Good clear simple illustrations
Spellcheck and proofread
Reference all material used or quoted
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 46
47. VIDEO “7.20MIN”
Seven Steps to Effective Writing
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
47
48. ASSESSMENT OF REPORTS: CRITERIA
All reports are assessed according to standard criteria
relating to:
Presentation and Organisation
Use of English (spelling, grammar etc.)
Use of Figures, Tables and References
Clarity and Conciseness
Physics Content
Each of these five areas is scored out of a maximum mark of
10, with a resulting total mark out of 50.
Feedback should be provided from marker. Feedback is
crucial in learning the art of writing reports.
If you are unsure about something, ASK!!
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 48
50. ASSESSMENT: EXAMPLES OF REAL
REPORTS
Activity:
You have been provided with two anonymous (but real!)
reports, and are requested to grade each of them using
the criteria in the previous slide.
NO CONFERRING!!!
You will then submit your total mark using the „clickers‟.
We will look at the distribution of marks.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
50
51. Report A: As submitted
Please enter your mark out of 50.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
51
52. Report B:As Submitted
Please enter your mark out of 50.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 52
53. REPORTS DISCUSSION
Report A : Discussion
Report B : Discussion
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 53
54. REPORT MARKING EXERCISE: CONCLUSIONS
Two general points emerge from this exercise:
1. Even with rather detailed mark schemes, there will always be some
variation between assessors!
In practice, this variation is hopefully not too large: marks are monitored in 1st
year lab for “big” variations and, if necessary, reports are re-marked by the lab
tutor.
2. Appreciating the perspective of your audience (i.e. the person marking your
report) is essential.
Hopefully you now appreciate that a poorly written/presented report can be
quite irritating and difficult to read: don‟t put the person marking your report in
a bad mood!
Marks can be gained/lost easily: pay attention to the basics of report
writing…don‟t make silly mistakes: always re-read and revise your completed
report.
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish 54
55. USING EXTERNAL SOURCES
For many documents we write, we use external sources.
How do you use sources?
Go straight to Wikipedia and copy?
Use a single authorities source?
Use multiple sources without telling?
Use an old report as template?
All of these have elements of academic cheating (plagiarism).
So is there a correct way to use external material?
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
55
56. CONCLUSIONS
Writing is a skill to learn
Need practice
Large set of rules, do‟s and don‟ts
But it is very personal
Use all the feedback (from lab reports, vacation
essays, dissertations,…)
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
56
57. REFERENCE
1. Business Communication, Kity O Locker and
Stephen Kyo Kaczmarek, 2004
2. “A Decent Proposal” by John Fellows,
www.sellingpower.com, 2002
3. Better Business Writing, The Sunday Times
Writing Report - gihan aboueleish
57