WIPO is the global intergovernmental organization responsible for intellectual property services, policy, information and cooperation. It has 191 member states and seeks to develop an international IP system that supports innovation and creativity. WIPO administers treaties such as the Paris Convention and Berne Convention, and provides global filing systems for patents, trademarks and designs. It delivers IP technical assistance and capacity building programs, and provides access to IP information through databases and search services. Key activities are carried out through committees and assemblies which determine the organization's direction.
Trade Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)Anjita Khadka
TRIPS agreement covers the following areas:
Copyright and related rights (i.e. the rights of performers, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting organizations)
Trademarks including service marks
Geographical indications including appellations of origin
Industrial designs; patents including the protection of new varieties of plants
Layout-designs of integrated circuits and
Undisclosed information including trade secrets and test data
Trade Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)Anjita Khadka
TRIPS agreement covers the following areas:
Copyright and related rights (i.e. the rights of performers, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting organizations)
Trademarks including service marks
Geographical indications including appellations of origin
Industrial designs; patents including the protection of new varieties of plants
Layout-designs of integrated circuits and
Undisclosed information including trade secrets and test data
Copyright is a form of IPR which is Intellectual Property Rights, applicable to certain forms of creative work. A copyright gives the creator of original works exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time. Copyright may apply to a wide range of creative, intellectual, or artistic forms, or works
TRIPS (Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights )DrxVinayBisen
This presentation is for education purpose which includes all the parts of TRIPS.
The agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the world trade organization.
What Does it mean?
To understand go through the whole document...
Nothing but this is basically intended to give message about the term "Patent Applications"? What they are? Benefits? Drawback? etc
WTO was born on 1st January 1995 with main objective to improve the welfare of people of member countries.
Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably & freely as possible.
Copyright is a form of IPR which is Intellectual Property Rights, applicable to certain forms of creative work. A copyright gives the creator of original works exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time. Copyright may apply to a wide range of creative, intellectual, or artistic forms, or works
TRIPS (Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights )DrxVinayBisen
This presentation is for education purpose which includes all the parts of TRIPS.
The agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the world trade organization.
What Does it mean?
To understand go through the whole document...
Nothing but this is basically intended to give message about the term "Patent Applications"? What they are? Benefits? Drawback? etc
WTO was born on 1st January 1995 with main objective to improve the welfare of people of member countries.
Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably & freely as possible.
Role of wto wipo & epo in patent pre simpleShital Patil
Bretton Woods conference (1944)
To overcome recession after post world war 2nd group of 44 nations meet in Breetonwood , England.
To discuss about establishment of an organization , which will help restoring international trade.
General Agreement on Tarrifs and Trade (GATT)
GATT was established in 1948 in Geneva.
This organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries.
UVS International Background & Activitiesblyenburgh
UVS International is a non-profit association registered with
the Chamber of Commerce in The Hague, The Netherlands
and operates out of offices in Paris, France. It represents
manufacturers of remotely piloted systems (RPS), related subsystems
and critical components and associated equipment, as
well as companies supplying services with or for RPS, research organisations and academia. In this context, RPS should be understood as re-useable and expendable remotely piloted air, space, terrestrial and maritime systems (civil & military), as well as non-reusable remotely piloted air, ground & naval target systems.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
2. Intellectual property…..?
“Intangible creation of a human mind like ideas,skill,technique usually
transformed into tangible form to which certain rights are assigned
to protect interest of a creator or inventor”.
How one can claim protection for their invention or
product…?
In India by filing a application for protection to the national patent office,
Department of industrial policy and promotion, Ministry of commerce and
industry.
At the international level by filing a single application, if the country is
member state of WIPO through multiwindow system for seeking protection
to their invention simultaneously in large number of countries at the global
level.
3. World Intellectual Property Organization
Establishment: 1967
Membership: 191 member states
Director General: Francis Gurry
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
What is WIPO…..?
WIPO is the global forum for intellectual property services, policy,
information and cooperation.
The main objective of WIPO is development of a balanced and
effective international intellectual property (IP) system that enables
innovation and creativity for the benefit of all.
4. WIPO — A Brief History
One of the oldest specialized agencies of the United Nations, the
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has a long and
interesting past.
1883 – Paris Convention
The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is
born. This international agreement is the first major step taken to
help creators ensure that their intellectual works are protected in
other countries.
1886 – Berne Convention
The aim is to give creators the right to control and receive
payment for their creative works on an international level.
5. 1891 – Madrid Agreement
With the adoption of the Madrid Agreement, the first
international IP filing service is launched: the Madrid System for
the international registration of marks.
1893 – BIRPI established
The two secretariats set up to administer the Paris and Berne
Conventions combine to form WIPO's immediate predecessor,
the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual
Property – best known by its French acronym, BIRPI.
1970 – BIRPI becomes WIPO
The Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) comes into force and BIRPI is thus
transformed to become WIPO.
6. WIPO has significant financial resources independent of the
contributions from its member states.
In December 2011 , WIPO published it’s first world property report
on the changing face of innovations , the first such report of the new
office of the chief economist.
WIPO is also a co-publisher of the global innovation index.
Member States
WIPO’s member states determine the direction, budget and
activities of the organization through the decision-making bodies.
WIPO currently has 191 member states.
WIPO has established WIPOnet, a global information network.
The project seeks to link over 300 intellectual property offices (IP
offices) in all WIPO Member States. In addition to providing a
means of secure communication among all connected parties,
WIPOnet is the foundation for WIPO's intellectual property
services.
7. Director General Francis Gurry
Francis Gurry has led WIPO as Director General
since October 1, 2008. He was reappointed in
May 2014 for a second six-year term, which runs
through September 2020.
Under his leadership, WIPO is addressing major
challenges. These include managing the stress on
the international patent and copyright systems
produced by rapid technological change, by
globalization and increased demand; reducing the
knowledge gap between developed and
developing countries; and ensuring that the
intellectual property (IP) system serves its
fundamental purpose of encouraging creativity
and innovation in all countries.
Director General(WIPO)-
Francis Gurry
8. Activities by Unit
WIPO's organizational structure is based on seven Sectors,
each headed by a Deputy Director General (DDG) or Assistant
Director General (ADG), under the overall leadership of the
Director General.
Each Sector comprises several units, usually called Divisions
or Departments, led by Directors. These are responsible for
delivering the programs and activities approved by member
states in the program and budget.
WIPO Academy
The Academy acts as a catalyst for a virtual network of
partners, experts and teachers in development-oriented IP
training. It provides professional and open-access online
learning and training.
9. WIPO COMMITTEES
Decision making and negotiating bodies
Governing Bodies
Permanent Committees
Standing Committees
Diplomatic Conferences
Working Groups
10.
11. Services of WIPO
WIPO Academy : Sign up for distance learning or face
to face courses all year round , taught by people who
Know intellectual property.
WIPO provide access to the world IP information –
search technology & brand related information in our
global database.
WIPO deliver global services for protecting IP.
WIPO shapes international IP rules for a changing
society.
12. IP Services administered by WIPO:
WIPO offers a range of global services for protecting intellectual
property (IP) across borders, and for resolving IP disputes outside
the courts.
Patents
Trademarks
Copyright
Industrial designs
Geographical indications
18. External Offices:
WIPO’s network of External Offices forms an integral part of the
organization designed to bring our services and cooperation closer to
our member states, our stakeholders and our partners. In doing so, our
external offices add clear value, efficiency and effectiveness to
program delivery and respond to the specific needs and priorities of
the countries and regions they serve.
The external offices provide cost-effective support services in
relation to the PCT, Madrid and Hague systems; arbitration and
mediation; collective management; and development and capacity
building.
19. WIPO Awards Program
WIPO presents awards to outstanding innovators and creators, on the
basis of nominations submitted by the national intellectual
property offices of WIPO member states.
The publicity generated by the WIPO awards also promotes wider
understanding of how the intellectual property system works to
serve creativity and innovation.
The WIPO magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and
innovation in action across the world. It is published in English,
French and Spanish.
20.
21. WIPO Assemblies
The main policy and decision making bodies of WIPO are the
general assembly and the coordination committee. Twenty-one
assemblies, and other bodies of the member states of WIPO and of
the unions administered by WIPO, traditionally meet in ordinary or
extraordinary session in autumn.
Fifty-Eighth Series of Meetings
September 24 to October 2, 2018
The fifty-eighth series of meetings of the assemblies of the member
states of WIPO will take place at the WIPO headquarters in Geneva,
Switzerland.