Strikes are physical attacks intended to cause blunt or penetrating trauma. There are many varieties including punches, kicks, elbows, knees, and headbutts. Punches involve closed fists while kicks use the legs or feet. Repeatedly striking an opponent is called "buffeting" or a combination. Strikes are employed in martial arts and combat sports and involve techniques using various parts of the body according to principles to maximize power and effectiveness.
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on a field with a rectangular pitch at its center. One team bats, trying to score runs, while the other bowls and fields, trying to get batsmen out. The winner is the team that scores the most runs. Batsmen can be dismissed through various means like being bowled out, caught out, or run out. The bowler aims to get batsmen out by making it difficult to hit or catch the ball. Batting involves protecting the wickets while scoring runs by hitting the ball away from the stumps and running between the wickets.
The document provides information about the sport of shot put, including:
1) A definition and brief history noting ancient Greeks and Scots participating in similar activities.
2) Current rules around uniforms, preparation, equipment specifications, and the competition area.
3) Techniques for properly gripping the shot, delivering the throw from the neck and power positions, and gliding into position.
4) Examples of notable Olympic shot put champions from the early modern Games to present day.
The glide technique is the basic shot put technique which is quite easy for beginners to learn. In this technique, the player has to place the shot on the base of their fingers. The shot needs to be placed firmly near your neck.
Bowlers are the key persons to keep the batsman under control during crucial situation.Here comes our presentation which teaches to bowl under 360 degree rotation.
The document provides the lesson plan for a gym class that focuses on teaching students how to set a volleyball. The class will begin with a game of tag and follow the leader fitness activity. Students will then learn the five steps to properly set a volleyball through demonstration, guided practice with peers, and an applied activity of set and sprint in lines. The class will end with reviewing the setting steps and playing a volleyball game. Safety issues are addressed such as ensuring proper attire and space between students.
Badminton is a racquet sport played with a shuttlecock between two opposing players or pairs divided by a net. Players score points by striking the shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponent's half of the court, and each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Badminton requires excellent fitness, agility, strength, speed and precision from players at a high level.
This document provides an overview of table tennis, including its history, equipment, basic strokes and techniques. It traces the evolution of the sport from the late 1800s and discusses the various names it was known by over time. The standard equipment of racket, table and ball are described. Fundamental grips, strokes including forehand and backhand drives, pushes, blocks, smashes and basic serving techniques are explained.
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on a field with a rectangular pitch at its center. One team bats, trying to score runs, while the other bowls and fields, trying to get batsmen out. The winner is the team that scores the most runs. Batsmen can be dismissed through various means like being bowled out, caught out, or run out. The bowler aims to get batsmen out by making it difficult to hit or catch the ball. Batting involves protecting the wickets while scoring runs by hitting the ball away from the stumps and running between the wickets.
The document provides information about the sport of shot put, including:
1) A definition and brief history noting ancient Greeks and Scots participating in similar activities.
2) Current rules around uniforms, preparation, equipment specifications, and the competition area.
3) Techniques for properly gripping the shot, delivering the throw from the neck and power positions, and gliding into position.
4) Examples of notable Olympic shot put champions from the early modern Games to present day.
The glide technique is the basic shot put technique which is quite easy for beginners to learn. In this technique, the player has to place the shot on the base of their fingers. The shot needs to be placed firmly near your neck.
Bowlers are the key persons to keep the batsman under control during crucial situation.Here comes our presentation which teaches to bowl under 360 degree rotation.
The document provides the lesson plan for a gym class that focuses on teaching students how to set a volleyball. The class will begin with a game of tag and follow the leader fitness activity. Students will then learn the five steps to properly set a volleyball through demonstration, guided practice with peers, and an applied activity of set and sprint in lines. The class will end with reviewing the setting steps and playing a volleyball game. Safety issues are addressed such as ensuring proper attire and space between students.
Badminton is a racquet sport played with a shuttlecock between two opposing players or pairs divided by a net. Players score points by striking the shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponent's half of the court, and each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Badminton requires excellent fitness, agility, strength, speed and precision from players at a high level.
This document provides an overview of table tennis, including its history, equipment, basic strokes and techniques. It traces the evolution of the sport from the late 1800s and discusses the various names it was known by over time. The standard equipment of racket, table and ball are described. Fundamental grips, strokes including forehand and backhand drives, pushes, blocks, smashes and basic serving techniques are explained.
This document provides an overview of Modern Arnis including its history, values, equipment, techniques, and principles. It discusses how Arnis originated from Kali in the Philippines before Spanish colonization. It was later renamed Arnis and established as the national sport. The document outlines the 6 stances, 7 basic striking techniques, 3 thrusting techniques, 12 vital striking points, and 5 blocking techniques that are core components of Modern Arnis training. It provides details on the form and application of each technique.
The document provides information about handstands in gymnastics, cricket, and javelin throwing in athletics. It describes how to perform a proper handstand, including preparing the body through stretching and the proper technique for getting into position and performing the handstand. It then discusses the rules, equipment, and positions in cricket, including details on batting, bowling, and fielding. Finally, it covers the javelin throw event in athletics, describing the throwing sector, rules for a legal throw, proper gripping and throwing technique, and Olympic regulations.
The document provides an overview of the sport of table tennis, including its history, equipment, facilities, basic skills and techniques. It describes the key elements of table tennis such as the table, net, ball, racket, grips, footwork, serves, strokes including topspin drives and pushes, and defensive shots like chops and smashes. The document is an informative guide to playing and understanding the indoor racquet sport of table tennis.
The document provides an overview of the sport of badminton, including its history, equipment, rules, court dimensions, grips, skills, techniques, shots, and key terms. It traces the origins of badminton to ancient Greece and Egypt, and notes it took its modern form in 18th century British India. The equipment section describes racquets, strings, grips, shuttlecocks, and shoes. It outlines basic rules like scoring to 21 points and match format. It also explains skills, techniques, and various shots like serves, clears, drops, drives, and smashes.
Arnis, also known as Kali and Eskrima, is a Filipino martial art that uses weapons and focuses on training with them from the start. This builds manual dexterity and conditioned responses to attacks. While weapons-based, it also includes striking, wrestling, and grappling. Practicing Arnis provides many benefits like increased self-defense abilities, fitness, flexibility, and dexterity from training with weapons. It can be practiced by people of all ages and abilities. Basic Arnis skills include various stretches, stick exercises, stances, strikes, blocks, and cool down exercises.
This document provides information about Modern Arnis, a Filipino martial art founded by Remy Presas. It discusses the history and development of Modern Arnis, with influences from traditional Filipino martial arts as well as Japanese styles. The document outlines some key techniques and aspects of Modern Arnis training, including the use of sticks, various stances, sinawali drills, and solo baston fighting system. It provides descriptions and illustrations of blocking, striking, and sinawali techniques that are important parts of learning and practicing Modern Arnis.
This document provides a summary of examination findings and differential diagnoses for a patient presenting with low back pain. Key examination findings included limited range of motion of the lumbar spine, diffuse tenderness over the lumbar paraspinals and bilateral greater trochanters/SI joints, and normal strength and sensation tests. The document then reviews gait, provocative tests, and muscle grading to further evaluate the patient. Common differential diagnoses for low back pain are listed, along with descriptions of relevant anatomy and neurological patterns.
Athletics involves competitive running, jumping, throwing and walking events. Track events include sprints, middle-distance races and long-distance races. Field events include throwing competitions like shot put and discus throw, and jumping competitions like long jump and pole vault. Combined events include decathlon and heptathlon where athletes compete in multiple track and field events.
Arnis is one of the oldest Filipino martial arts involving stick fighting. It originated from weapons-based martial arts in Southeast Asia. Arnis teaches various stick grips, footwork, defenses and striking techniques to vital points of the body. Qualities of a good arnis player include speed, power, timing and endurance.
Chess
The document describes 12 striking techniques using a stick as a weapon. Each technique is numbered and includes instructions on the hand position and motion for attacking different parts of the opponent's body, including the left and right sides of the head, trunk, chest, lower leg, and eye, as well as the solar plexus and crown of the head. The techniques provide defensive instructions like keeping a free hand on the chest and the position of the elbow for each attack.
Arnis, also known as kali or eskrima, is a Filipino martial art that emphasizes the use of weapons like sticks, blades, and improvised weapons which are used as extensions of the body. It originated as a way for Filipinos to disguise sword and machete practice during the Spanish colonial period when weapons were banned. While it was overshadowed by new cultures brought during colonization, arnis regained popularity in the 1980s as a martial art and sport worldwide. Practitioners use padded sticks and protective gear in competitions, which take place on an 8x8 meter marked area. Arnis involves 12 basic strikes and stances like forward, oblique, straddle, side, and
The document provides an overview of table tennis, including its history, equipment, basic strokes and techniques, rules of play, and safety considerations. It traces the evolution of the sport from indoor tennis and badminton in the 1880s to modern table tennis. Key equipment includes the table, rackets, and balls. Strokes covered include forehand and backhand drives, pushes, smashes, blocks, and serves. The rules section outlines points of play, lets, order of service, and scoring.
Badminton originated in British India in the mid-18th century. It was developed and standardized in England in the late 19th century. Key events included the publication of the first rules in 1893 and the first All England Open Badminton Championships in 1899. The sport is played with racquets and a lightweight shuttlecock between two opposing players or pairs across a net on a marked court.
This document provides instructions for a warm-up, striking techniques, and cool-down routine for arnis training. The warm-up includes rotations and stretches without equipment. 12 striking techniques are described that involve attacking vital points on the head, trunk, and legs using slashing, stabbing, and thrusting motions with an arnis stick. The routine concludes with static stretching exercises for the wrists, fingers, shoulders, chest, triceps and elbows. Participants are directed to perform the full warm-up, techniques, and cool-down within their training group.
This document provides a brief history and overview of Arnis, a martial art originating in the Philippines. It describes how Arnis evolved from earlier Filipino martial arts known as Kali during Spanish colonization. The techniques focus on fighting with bladed weapons. Famous Filipino heroes were known to practice Arnis. Modern Arnis was later developed and popularized by Grandmaster Remy Presas. The document also outlines the physical principles, equipment, facilities, and exercises involved in Arnis training, such as calisthenics to build speed, agility, and reflexes.
This document provides information on Arnis, a Filipino martial art using sticks. It discusses warm-up, stretching, and cool-down exercises that are important for physical fitness and injury prevention. Skill-related physical fitness components like agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time and speed are also mentioned. The document outlines specific warm-up exercises and stretches, then details fundamental Arnis skills like proper grip, stances, and salutation techniques. It concludes with static stretching cool-down exercises for different muscle groups.
The document discusses the throwing motion and prevention of injuries in throwing athletes. It describes the phases of the throwing motion including wind-up, early cocking, late cocking, acceleration, deceleration, and follow through. It provides details on proper mechanics and positioning of the body and extremities in each phase. Warning signs for injury and adaptations in throwing athletes like glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and humeral retroversion are explained. Soft tissue adaptations from repetitive overhead motion are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of volleyball injury prevention. It discusses common volleyball injuries such as shoulder pain, knee pain, ankle sprains, and low back pain. Injury can result from imbalances, improper technique, landing mechanics, lack of balance or core strength. The document recommends general prevention strategies like proper warmups, cool downs, nutrition, rest and protective equipment. It also provides exercises to prevent injuries in the shoulder, knee, ankle and core, focusing on mobility, balance, strength and agility. Self-treatment options are also reviewed.
Badminton and table tennis were discussed in this document. For badminton, the history and equipment such as shuttlecocks and rackets were explained. Playing techniques like smashes and spins were also covered. For table tennis, the objective of the game, basic skills, equipment, rules and benefits were summarized. Nutrition topics included the components of a balanced diet according to the food guide pyramid and guidelines for Filipinos. Healthy body image and eating disorders like anorexia, bulimia and binge eating were also discussed.
This document provides information on evaluating shoulder pain and injuries. It discusses:
1. The most common causes of adult shoulder pain including impingement syndrome, rotator cuff problems, and athletic injuries.
2. Anatomy of the shoulder including bones, joints, muscles, and common injuries like rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and instability.
3. Physical examination techniques for the shoulder including range of motion, strength, and special tests to identify injuries. Common tests discussed are Neer's sign, Hawkins test, and relocation test.
4. Likely diagnoses suggested by specific physical examination findings. Tables summarize key examination maneuvers and what pathology a positive test may indicate
The document summarizes some of the key physics concepts behind common martial arts techniques. It explains that techniques like straight punches are faster than hooks due to shorter distance traveled. Kicks like side kicks have more contact time with the target. Throws work by shifting the opponent's center of gravity outside their base of support. Break falls aim to spread out force over a large area to reduce impact. The hip is emphasized as the power source for strikes and throws due to increasing mass and force. Overall, applying an understanding of physics concepts like force, momentum, and center of gravity can help improve martial arts techniques and strategies.
Our mission at Japan Karate Association is to make a positive difference in the lives of children, youth, men and women and our community in general, through the study of the martial arts, and in particular the JKA Karate system.
This document provides an overview of Modern Arnis including its history, values, equipment, techniques, and principles. It discusses how Arnis originated from Kali in the Philippines before Spanish colonization. It was later renamed Arnis and established as the national sport. The document outlines the 6 stances, 7 basic striking techniques, 3 thrusting techniques, 12 vital striking points, and 5 blocking techniques that are core components of Modern Arnis training. It provides details on the form and application of each technique.
The document provides information about handstands in gymnastics, cricket, and javelin throwing in athletics. It describes how to perform a proper handstand, including preparing the body through stretching and the proper technique for getting into position and performing the handstand. It then discusses the rules, equipment, and positions in cricket, including details on batting, bowling, and fielding. Finally, it covers the javelin throw event in athletics, describing the throwing sector, rules for a legal throw, proper gripping and throwing technique, and Olympic regulations.
The document provides an overview of the sport of table tennis, including its history, equipment, facilities, basic skills and techniques. It describes the key elements of table tennis such as the table, net, ball, racket, grips, footwork, serves, strokes including topspin drives and pushes, and defensive shots like chops and smashes. The document is an informative guide to playing and understanding the indoor racquet sport of table tennis.
The document provides an overview of the sport of badminton, including its history, equipment, rules, court dimensions, grips, skills, techniques, shots, and key terms. It traces the origins of badminton to ancient Greece and Egypt, and notes it took its modern form in 18th century British India. The equipment section describes racquets, strings, grips, shuttlecocks, and shoes. It outlines basic rules like scoring to 21 points and match format. It also explains skills, techniques, and various shots like serves, clears, drops, drives, and smashes.
Arnis, also known as Kali and Eskrima, is a Filipino martial art that uses weapons and focuses on training with them from the start. This builds manual dexterity and conditioned responses to attacks. While weapons-based, it also includes striking, wrestling, and grappling. Practicing Arnis provides many benefits like increased self-defense abilities, fitness, flexibility, and dexterity from training with weapons. It can be practiced by people of all ages and abilities. Basic Arnis skills include various stretches, stick exercises, stances, strikes, blocks, and cool down exercises.
This document provides information about Modern Arnis, a Filipino martial art founded by Remy Presas. It discusses the history and development of Modern Arnis, with influences from traditional Filipino martial arts as well as Japanese styles. The document outlines some key techniques and aspects of Modern Arnis training, including the use of sticks, various stances, sinawali drills, and solo baston fighting system. It provides descriptions and illustrations of blocking, striking, and sinawali techniques that are important parts of learning and practicing Modern Arnis.
This document provides a summary of examination findings and differential diagnoses for a patient presenting with low back pain. Key examination findings included limited range of motion of the lumbar spine, diffuse tenderness over the lumbar paraspinals and bilateral greater trochanters/SI joints, and normal strength and sensation tests. The document then reviews gait, provocative tests, and muscle grading to further evaluate the patient. Common differential diagnoses for low back pain are listed, along with descriptions of relevant anatomy and neurological patterns.
Athletics involves competitive running, jumping, throwing and walking events. Track events include sprints, middle-distance races and long-distance races. Field events include throwing competitions like shot put and discus throw, and jumping competitions like long jump and pole vault. Combined events include decathlon and heptathlon where athletes compete in multiple track and field events.
Arnis is one of the oldest Filipino martial arts involving stick fighting. It originated from weapons-based martial arts in Southeast Asia. Arnis teaches various stick grips, footwork, defenses and striking techniques to vital points of the body. Qualities of a good arnis player include speed, power, timing and endurance.
Chess
The document describes 12 striking techniques using a stick as a weapon. Each technique is numbered and includes instructions on the hand position and motion for attacking different parts of the opponent's body, including the left and right sides of the head, trunk, chest, lower leg, and eye, as well as the solar plexus and crown of the head. The techniques provide defensive instructions like keeping a free hand on the chest and the position of the elbow for each attack.
Arnis, also known as kali or eskrima, is a Filipino martial art that emphasizes the use of weapons like sticks, blades, and improvised weapons which are used as extensions of the body. It originated as a way for Filipinos to disguise sword and machete practice during the Spanish colonial period when weapons were banned. While it was overshadowed by new cultures brought during colonization, arnis regained popularity in the 1980s as a martial art and sport worldwide. Practitioners use padded sticks and protective gear in competitions, which take place on an 8x8 meter marked area. Arnis involves 12 basic strikes and stances like forward, oblique, straddle, side, and
The document provides an overview of table tennis, including its history, equipment, basic strokes and techniques, rules of play, and safety considerations. It traces the evolution of the sport from indoor tennis and badminton in the 1880s to modern table tennis. Key equipment includes the table, rackets, and balls. Strokes covered include forehand and backhand drives, pushes, smashes, blocks, and serves. The rules section outlines points of play, lets, order of service, and scoring.
Badminton originated in British India in the mid-18th century. It was developed and standardized in England in the late 19th century. Key events included the publication of the first rules in 1893 and the first All England Open Badminton Championships in 1899. The sport is played with racquets and a lightweight shuttlecock between two opposing players or pairs across a net on a marked court.
This document provides instructions for a warm-up, striking techniques, and cool-down routine for arnis training. The warm-up includes rotations and stretches without equipment. 12 striking techniques are described that involve attacking vital points on the head, trunk, and legs using slashing, stabbing, and thrusting motions with an arnis stick. The routine concludes with static stretching exercises for the wrists, fingers, shoulders, chest, triceps and elbows. Participants are directed to perform the full warm-up, techniques, and cool-down within their training group.
This document provides a brief history and overview of Arnis, a martial art originating in the Philippines. It describes how Arnis evolved from earlier Filipino martial arts known as Kali during Spanish colonization. The techniques focus on fighting with bladed weapons. Famous Filipino heroes were known to practice Arnis. Modern Arnis was later developed and popularized by Grandmaster Remy Presas. The document also outlines the physical principles, equipment, facilities, and exercises involved in Arnis training, such as calisthenics to build speed, agility, and reflexes.
This document provides information on Arnis, a Filipino martial art using sticks. It discusses warm-up, stretching, and cool-down exercises that are important for physical fitness and injury prevention. Skill-related physical fitness components like agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time and speed are also mentioned. The document outlines specific warm-up exercises and stretches, then details fundamental Arnis skills like proper grip, stances, and salutation techniques. It concludes with static stretching cool-down exercises for different muscle groups.
The document discusses the throwing motion and prevention of injuries in throwing athletes. It describes the phases of the throwing motion including wind-up, early cocking, late cocking, acceleration, deceleration, and follow through. It provides details on proper mechanics and positioning of the body and extremities in each phase. Warning signs for injury and adaptations in throwing athletes like glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and humeral retroversion are explained. Soft tissue adaptations from repetitive overhead motion are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of volleyball injury prevention. It discusses common volleyball injuries such as shoulder pain, knee pain, ankle sprains, and low back pain. Injury can result from imbalances, improper technique, landing mechanics, lack of balance or core strength. The document recommends general prevention strategies like proper warmups, cool downs, nutrition, rest and protective equipment. It also provides exercises to prevent injuries in the shoulder, knee, ankle and core, focusing on mobility, balance, strength and agility. Self-treatment options are also reviewed.
Badminton and table tennis were discussed in this document. For badminton, the history and equipment such as shuttlecocks and rackets were explained. Playing techniques like smashes and spins were also covered. For table tennis, the objective of the game, basic skills, equipment, rules and benefits were summarized. Nutrition topics included the components of a balanced diet according to the food guide pyramid and guidelines for Filipinos. Healthy body image and eating disorders like anorexia, bulimia and binge eating were also discussed.
This document provides information on evaluating shoulder pain and injuries. It discusses:
1. The most common causes of adult shoulder pain including impingement syndrome, rotator cuff problems, and athletic injuries.
2. Anatomy of the shoulder including bones, joints, muscles, and common injuries like rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and instability.
3. Physical examination techniques for the shoulder including range of motion, strength, and special tests to identify injuries. Common tests discussed are Neer's sign, Hawkins test, and relocation test.
4. Likely diagnoses suggested by specific physical examination findings. Tables summarize key examination maneuvers and what pathology a positive test may indicate
The document summarizes some of the key physics concepts behind common martial arts techniques. It explains that techniques like straight punches are faster than hooks due to shorter distance traveled. Kicks like side kicks have more contact time with the target. Throws work by shifting the opponent's center of gravity outside their base of support. Break falls aim to spread out force over a large area to reduce impact. The hip is emphasized as the power source for strikes and throws due to increasing mass and force. Overall, applying an understanding of physics concepts like force, momentum, and center of gravity can help improve martial arts techniques and strategies.
Our mission at Japan Karate Association is to make a positive difference in the lives of children, youth, men and women and our community in general, through the study of the martial arts, and in particular the JKA Karate system.
Boxing is a popular martial art performed in the ring for a set period of time. This presentation is all about different types of boxing punches like uppercut, jab, parry, counter punch, cross punch and hook which help save oneself from the attackers attack.
Medial Epicondylitis conditioning and rehabsirish413
Medial epicondylitis, commonly known as golfer's elbow, is an injury caused by small tears developing in the tendons that attach muscles in the forearm to the inner elbow bone. It occurs due to repetitive motions like those seen in sports like golf, tennis, or weightlifting with poor form. Symptoms include pain on the inner elbow and forearm when flexing the wrist. Rehabilitation focuses on reducing inflammation, strengthening the forearm muscles, and improving flexibility through exercises like wrist stretches and resistance band work. Prevention emphasizes warming up, proper form, and resting when pain first occurs.
Dr. Siddharth Sakalle is a senior sports physiotherapist who has worked with Olympic medalist boxers such as MC Mary Kom and Saina Nehwal. Boxing involves high-impact punches that can generate forces of 0.2 tons and lead to injuries if proper technique and prevention are not used. A physiotherapist can aid in both preventing injuries through rehabilitation and treating injuries sustained from boxing. Common boxing injuries include head or brain injuries from impacts, jaw and facial injuries from punches, and hand and wrist injuries due to impact on the knuckles. A physiotherapist treats these injuries through measures like icing, taping, dry needling, and strengthening exercises while also working to
Boxing is a complicated martial art, replete with intricate methods and methodologies. Novices make many mistakes in the first few months. However, if you are new to boxing, you can optimize your training by anticipating these mistakes.
Boxing is easy to learn but challenging to master. Many beginners establish negative habits that are difficult to break. A common mistake is having one foot behind the other in a boxing stance. This is detrimental because any defensive head movement you make will throw you off balance and impede your backhand (a strike thrown where the back of the hand makes contact with an opponent)
Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, evenly dispersing your weight. Your dominant hand determines the foot in front. Typically, the front foot is on the opposite side of the dominant hand. For example, if you are right-handed, you should place your left foot in front. Bend your knees slightly to allow quickly shifting to a defensive maneuver.
When most people first learn how to box, they first learn to throw punches. Arm punching is one of the most typical blunders of beginners. Here you generate power primarily with your arms and fist, and there is no proper weight transfer from your base, i.e., legs and lower body.
The legs and lower body should provide the power, not the arms. Increase your power by bending your knees slightly, rotating your torso toward the target, and moving energy from the waist to the shoulder to the fist. When you have mastered the method, you will notice a discernible improvement in the power of your punch.
This document provides instructions and descriptions for several karate warm up exercises, including pushups, leg lifting, punching a bag, rabbit hopping, and basic stretching exercises. It recommends including 15 minutes of warm up exercises before practice to safely strengthen and loosen muscles. Specific exercises described include pushups to strengthen the arms and legs, lifting each leg as high as possible against a wall to strengthen legs, and rabbit hopping around the room like a rabbit to strengthen jumping and kicking muscles. Basic stretches include touching the forehead to bent knees and raising each straight leg for 10-15 repetitions. Blocking techniques for right and left handed blows are also outlined.
The knee is a complex joint made up of bones, cartilage, muscles, ligaments and tendons. It connects the thigh bone to the shin bone and allows the leg to bend and straighten. Knee injuries can involve damage to any of these structures and occur through overuse, accidents or improper mechanics. Common injuries include ligament sprains when the knee is stressed in a specific direction, meniscus or cartilage tears from twisting motions, and muscle or tendon strains from hyper or hyperextension. Maintaining strong supporting muscles and wearing appropriate footwear can help prevent minor knee injuries.
Shockwave therapy involves using pressure waves to treat tennis elbow. A study found that 61% of patients receiving shockwave therapy were pain-free after 1-2 years, while a control group reported more pain. Shockwave therapy is a safe and effective treatment for tennis elbow. It works by stimulating healing processes in the body and increasing blood flow to relieve pain. Exercises like wrist stretches can also help relieve elbow pain by strengthening muscles and increasing flexibility.
It is quite often that we develop pain in certain parts of our hands, either muscle pain , nerve pain , pain in carpel tunnel etc. In order to overcome these problems, and to discover the exact part, where the support is needed. S.M. Surgical has designed various types of hands supports keeping in view all these types of pain.
For more details logon : www.mahalaxmimedicos.com
This document discusses different types of hand splints, including their purposes, components, and construction. It describes static splints that maintain positioning and prevent deformities, as well as dynamic splints that allow exercise during recovery. The basic opponens splint is outlined, with components like the opponens bar, C bar, and MCP extension stop. Considerations for splinting spastic hands are also provided, favoring splints covering a large area to avoid pressure points and maintain functional positioning.
The document discusses common causes of limitations in hand strength and dexterity due to aging and arthritis. It notes that hand weakness increases with age starting at age 50-59 and is more prevalent in women and those over 70. Arthritis, especially osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, are leading causes of hand disability. The document provides details on how these conditions affect different hand joints and grasps. It offers examples of design accommodations such as increasing contact areas to improve grip strength and alternatives to standard grips. Inspirational form concepts shown include orbs and stone shapes.
This document provides an overview of badminton and common sports injuries that can occur while playing badminton. It describes the game of badminton, including equipment, court dimensions, and scoring. It then discusses some of the most common types of sports injuries seen in badminton, such as sprains, strains, knee injuries, compartment syndrome, and shin splints. The injuries are briefly defined and examples are given of how they may occur during badminton.
The document describes the equipment and fundamental skills of Arnis, including the proper grip and stances. It lists 10 striking techniques: 4 collarbone and temple strikes, 2 knee strikes, and strikes to the upper arms, groin, and crown. The qualities of a good Arnis player are also outlined, including techniques, alertness, coordination, speed, power, timing, endurance, determination, confidence, and yelling.
Basics of Korean Taekwondo in India explaining about kicks,punchespushkarrai1505
The document provides information on various aspects of Taekwondo, including the founder Andrew Puran Gurung, common kicks (such as front, side, and roundhouse kicks), punches, blocks, stances, and more. It defines each technique or element and describes its usage in both sparring and self-defense applications of the martial art.
Seminar clinical anatomy of upper limb joints and musclesQuan Fu Gan
This is not all, there are many more clinical anatomy in terms of condition such as Popeye Deformity with are not included here and Special Test such as Neer's Impingement and Hawkins Kennedy etc... with touches on the upper limb muscles and joints. Also not forgotten Long tendon test and so forth. In general, this is just a simplified slides. Tq
ARNIS[Individual and Dual Sports]--.pptxPauleenAbando
The document provides an overview of Arnis, a Filipino martial art. It discusses the history and origins of Arnis, how it incorporates weapons training and empty-hand combat. It describes some of the common grips, stances, and 12 vital striking points of the body in Arnis. It also profiles Grandmaster Remy Amador Presas, who is credited with developing and popularizing the system of Modern Arnis. Key qualities of a good Arnis player are also listed, including techniques, alertness, speed, timing, and determination.
This document discusses ergonomic hand tool design. Poorly designed tools can lead to injuries, lost productivity, and costs. Key considerations for tool design include maintaining a straight wrist posture, avoiding tissue compression, and designing handles and grips that are shaped appropriately for the hand. Vibration is also addressed, as prolonged use of vibrating tools can cause health issues like hand-arm vibration syndrome. The document provides various examples of improved ergonomic tool designs that aim to reduce injuries from vibration and improper hand postures.
Este documento es el manual del Comando Jungla de la Compañía Antinarcóticos Jungla R-2 de la Policía Nacional de Colombia. Presenta información sobre la historia y formación del Comando Jungla, así como instrucciones y procedimientos operacionales clave como el liderazgo, el mando y control, la conducción de tropas, la planificación de operaciones, el patrullaje y más. El manual consta de 216 páginas y busca capacitar a los miembros del Comando Jungla en tácticas de operaciones especiales.
This document provides guidance on key terrain features, map reading, and navigation skills for scouts. It describes how to use a lensatic compass to determine direction and read azimuths during the day and night. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing natural and man-made terrain features, relating maps to actual terrain, and using a compass to circumvent obstacles and follow azimuths while navigating cross-country. Being able to properly use a compass and understand terrain is essential for scouts to effectively observe and report on enemy and terrain conditions.
1. O documento apresenta as diretrizes e conceitos para elaboração do orçamento federal brasileiro para 2017.
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Playing this fast-paced game, you control a small cube that has to get through stages that get harder by avoiding spikes, obstacles, and dangerous gaps while keeping up a fast pace. Though, it's important to remember that Geometry Dash isn't a simple game to get good at. No matter what mistake you make, you will face a tough position and have to start at the beginning.
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MS Dhoni (CSK): Dhoni's leadership has been instrumental in CSK's success, leading them to multiple titles.
AB de Villiers (RCB): Renowned for his innovative stroke play, de Villiers has been a consistent match-winner.
Virat Kohli (RCB): The highest run-scorer in IPL history, Kohli's batting prowess is unmatched.
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Wiki self defense
1. Strike (attack)
A strike is a directed physical attack with either a part of the
human body or with an inanimate object (such as a weapon)
intended to cause blunt trauma or penetrating trauma upon an
opponent.
There are many different varieties of strikes. A strike with the
hand closed into a fist is called a punch, a strike with the leg or
foot is referred to as a kick and a strike with the head is called a
headbutt. There are also other variations employed in martial arts
and combat sports.
"Buffet" or "beat" refer to repeatedly and violently striking an
opponent; this is also commonly referred to as a combination, or
combo, especially in boxing or fighting video games.
Usage
Hands and arms
Open-hand
Closed-fist
Elbow
Shoulder
Feet and legs
Kick
Knee
Stomp
Others
Bottom
Headbutt
Hip and shoulder check
Principles
Strategies
Risks
See also
References
External links
Video examples
On an aircraft carrier, US Marines practicing
striking with Senegalese Naval Infantry.
Contents
Usage
2. Strikes are the key focus of several sports and arts, including boxing, savate, karate, muay thai, taekwondo and wing chun, some
martial arts also use the fingertips, wrists, forearms, shoulders, back and hips to strike an opponent as well as the more
conventional fists, palms, elbows, knees and feet that are common in combat sports. Other sports and arts, such as wrestling
employ no strikes in focusing on grappling techniques. There is also a form of karate called goju ryu which focuses on pressure
points (joints) in the legs and arms.
Arm strikes is the act of striking with some part of the palm, knuckle, arm, elbow, or shoulder. This is usually the elbow, the hand,
the forearm, or the back of the wrist.
A strike using the palm of the hand. Whether the hand is open or the fingertips are folded against the bottom knuckles, palm
strikes hit with the bottom part of the palm, where the hand meets the wrist. The hand is held perpendicular to the wrist to avoid
hitting the softer inner wrist tissue against the target.
The bottom ridge of the palm is a surprisingly solid striking surface, and can do just as much damage as a closed fist when
utilized properly (some studies have shown that a palm strike actually can produce more energy than a punch), with far less risk
of injury to the striker's own hand.
The palm strike is useful as it is thrown in a more relaxed manner than a clenched fist. This is because clenching the fist shortens
the extensor muscles of the wrist which counter the action of flexor muscles of the wrist used in punching. Many martial arts
teach to keep the fist clench relaxed until impact in order to maximize the speed of the punch.
Targets are numerous and some examples include the nose, jaw, ears, back of the head, the groin, the kidneys, the temples and
abdominal cavity. Some combat sports, such as Pancrase, have forbidden strikes using the clenched fist but permitted strikes
using the palm.
A strike using the part of the hand opposite the thumb (from the little finger to the wrist), familiar to many people as a karate
chop, Shuto or Tegatana. This refers to strikes performed with the side of the knuckle of the small finger.
Suitable targets for the knife hand strike include the mastoid muscles of the neck, the jugular, the throat, the collar bones, the 3rd
vertebra (key stone of the spinal column), the upper arm, the wrist (knife hand block), the elbow (outside knife hand block), and
the knee cap (leg throw). In many Japanese and Chinese martial arts systems, the knife hand is used to block as well as to strike.
Hands and arms
Open-hand
Palm
Slap
Knife hand
3. By tucking the thumb into the palm, a striking surface called the ridge-hand, or
reverse knife-hand is formed, extending a few inches along the inside of the
hand below the first knuckle of the first finger. Ridge-hand strikes commonly are
delivered with a hooking motion, or with a straight arm swinging sideways.
Suitable targets include the mastoid muscles of the neck, the jugular, throat,
nose, jaw, the eyes, and the groin. The ridge hand is generally considered
obsolete in the martial arts and highly circumstantial. The conditioning required
to effectively use it is usually better suited towards basic conditioning of other
more natural parts of the body, such as punching or kicking. For example, the
buckling that can occur on an unconditioned and sometimes even highly-
conditioned fighter when using the technique and slightly missing the main targets (eyes, neck, or nose) can do more damage to
the striker, even when he hits decent targets instead, like the jaw or forehead. As such, it is considered a high-level and highly-
circumstantial technique in the martial arts that still teach the technique, such as most forms of karate, tae kwon do, jujitsu, and
kung fu. The ridge hand technique is very swift and when mastered can be a formidable technique, it was used successfully by Ian
Fergusson (currently 7th degree Tae Kwon Do Master) in the 1981 Tae Kwon Do championships in Argentina earning him an
individual Bronze Medal and contributed to the team international Gold Medal.
Delivered just as with a punch except that the hand is held open like with a knife
hand. The intended striking area are the tips of the fingers. The ideal targets are
the eyes and throat. This technique is generally unsuitable against most other
targets due to the high probability that one might break their fingers. It does have
the added advantage of increasing the range of normal hand striking by 3–
4 inches or so as opposed to punching, backfisting, or hammer fisting. It is
considered a high-level technique requiring enormous conditioning, but even
accidental spear fingering can be quite devastating on the eyes such as punching
mistakes seen in modern MMA circuits.
Knife hand
Ridge hand
Ridge hand
Spear hand
Spear hand
Closed-fist
4. A strike utilizing the hand with the fingers closed into a fist and striking with the knuckles (as opposed to the hammer fist
described below). There are various methods of punches, including but not limited to the straight lead, the backfist, the jab, and
the vertical punch.
The hammerfist is a strike with the bottom of a clenched fist, using an action like swinging a hammer, but can also be used
horizontally like a backfist strike using the bottom fist.
This strike will not damage the bones of the hands as there is no compression of the knuckles or metacarpals, and there is no
leverage to bend the wrist.
The hammerfist strikes cricket ball sized areas on the body, hence is particularly effective for striking the Occiput, the temples,
the nose, the mandible, the wrist (for blocking punches), the testicles, the sternum, and the ear (although a cupped hand is more
effective). The hammerfist is sometimes used during "ground-and-pound" striking in mixed martial arts to avoid damaging the
bones of the hand.
The hammerfist can also be used to counter grappling charges when the assailant goes low and attempts to grab the defenders legs
by giving them a concussion to the back of the head. It is a non-lethal alternative to performing a karate-chop on the assailant's
exposed neck.
Hand strikes can be delivered with an extended knuckle, rather than the classic
fist configuration used for a traditional punch. One of the fingers is moved
forwards so that the impact is made with the knuckle, concentrating force onto a
smaller area. This kind of strike is optimized for attacks to pressure points.
Deriving from traditional and ancient Kung Fu, such striking was considered
high level technique for advanced students/inheritors of the art. The accuracy
required alongside the conditioning requirements (similar to the knuckles for
traditional punching) put it as a circumstantial technique and not as a standard
one.
Some modern martial arts, such as Krav Maga, Aikido, Hapkido, deliver this
strike to the back of the hand while being held. It puts pressure on the small
bones in the opponent's hand, causing them to loosen up their fingers in the grip.
This lets the practitioner transition smoothly into a small joint manipulation
technique. However, its effectiveness after the opponent is reasonably aware of
the fight in occurrence has been disputed with evidence hard to obtain due to the
nature of the art and its disuse in sport combat sparring or matches.
An elbow strike is any type of attack utilizing the adjoining bones of the
humerus and the forearm. They can either be linear or circular, and can be used
in similar fashion to a standard hook, uppercut, or overhand. Elbow and knee strikes, especially when delivered from a clinch are
generally associated with the art of Muay Thai.
Punch
Hammerfist
Extended knuckle
Extended knuckle (Ippon ken)
Extended knuckle (Nakadaka ken)Elbow
5. A shoulder strike (also referred to as a shoulder butt) is a strike with the anterior part of the shoulder. The shoulder strike can be
used against the head of the opponent in close positions such as in a clinch or ground fighting, but is generally not considered to
have knockout power. However, as used as a fulcrum for a joint hyperextention, such as an arm lock in classic jujitsu from stand-
up or ground positions, can serve well to break said joint either when being the surface that an elbow is slammed upon or as a
surface to balance out the break much as the thigh is for the juji-gatame in judo.
Leg strikes is a physical strike using the ball of the foot, heel, shin, knee or thigh (the latter is also known as a knee strike). This
attack is often used in hand-to-hand combat, especially in stand-up fighting.
Kicks play a significant role in many forms of martial arts, such as Taekwondo, Karate, Kung fu, Vovinam, Kickboxing, Muay
Thai, Capoeira, Silat, and Kalarippayattu.
Delivering a front kick involves raising the knee and foot of the striking leg to the desired height, also known as chambering, and
extending the leg to contact the target, typically with the upper body straight and balanced. The actual strike is usually delivered
by the ball of the foot. Thrusting one's hips is a common method of increasing both reach and power of the kick; depending on
practitioner's particular needs, a front kick may involve more or less body motion. Front kicks are typically aimed at targets
below the chest: abdomen, thighs, groin, knees or lower, however advanced practitioner have the capability of striking head-level
targets with the front kick.
The side kick refers to a kick that is delivered sideways in relation to the body of the practitioner. There are two areas that are
commonly used as impact points in sidekicks: the heel of the foot and the outer edge of the foot. The heel is more suited to hard
targets such as the ribs, stomach, jaw, temple and chest. A sidekick is performed by first chambering the kicking leg diagonally
across the body, then extending the leg in a linear fashion toward the target, while flexing the abdominals.
Also referred to as a round kick, this is the most commonly used kick in combat sports due to its power and ease of use. In most
traditional martial arts, the instep is used to strike, whereas in Muay Thai, kickboxing and mixed martial arts the shin is used. To
execute, the attacker swings their leg sideways in a circular motion, kicking the opponent's side with the front of the leg, usually
with the instep, ball of the foot, toe, or shin. An important variation is the downward roundhouse kick, nicknamed the Brazilian
Kick from recent MMA use: A more pronounced twist of the hips allows for a downward end of the trajectory of the kick that is
very deceiving.[1]
A knee strike (commonly referred to simply as a knee) is a strike with the knee, either with the kneecap or the surrounding area.
The most common is the straight knee strike, often employed from a clinch or double collar tie, targeting anywhere from the
groin to the head. Variants include the curved knee strike, which is similar to a roundhouse kick, and the jumping or flying knee.
Shoulder
Feet and legs
Kick
Front kick
Side kick
Roundhouse kick
Knee
6. While less common, other parts of the body are used in specific strikes.
In a bottom strike, as taught by Impact self-defense and other self-defense systems, the defendant drives his or her hips and
bottom region backward into an attacker holding them from behind in order to cause the attacker to off-balance and bend forward
and possibly cause pain by striking the groin or midsection forcefully. While causing minimal striking damage on average, the
attack can serve to develop a superior and/or freed position for the defendant.
A headbutt is a strike with the head, typically involving the use of robust parts of the cranium as areas of impact. Effective
headbutting revolves around striking a sensitive area with a less sensitive area, such as striking the nose of an opponent with the
forehead. It is known as a risky maneuver: a misplaced headbutt can cause more damage to the person delivering the headbutt
than to the person receiving it.
Checking involves striking with the side of the body, at the hip or shoulder, by shifting your balance and pushing with the furthest
foot to drive the body into the opponent with force. While these movements are used extensively in ice hockey (see checking (ice
hockey)) they can be performed equally well on dry ground and are part of various self-defense techniques. These strikes rarely
cause damage, but are used to off-balance or knock an opponent down. However, when applied with ample power and to a
vulnerable region they can cause pain, for example, hitting an opponent with the shoulder to the nose, striking the upper
Quadriceps femoris muscle with the hip, or driving the shoulder into the opponent's solar plexus region.
The use of shoulders can also involve charging at the opponent at running speed, similar to a ram or tackle, though a short charge
is possible where the attacker simple lunges straight at their opponent with their shoulder. These moves are generally unrefined
and unprofessional, since they have a big tendency to miss, rely on brute force more than anything and usually require a run-up. If
the charger does hit its intended target however, it can cause both pain and recoil to the target, knocking them over with the
striker's kinetic energy being transferred to them and falling over as a result of the force or pain.
Strikes in Asian martial arts and Western boxing have many of the same principles in common. These principles apply to strikes
with most parts of the human body. These principles are typically learned by martial artists through multiple repetitions under the
supervision of a qualified instructor. Many martial arts and texts include these principles, such as karate[2] and Jeet Kune Do.[3]
This is only a partial list.
1. Timing of muscular tension: The striker relaxes to the extent possible during the strike, tensing the muscles of
much of the body only at the time of impact, then relaxing again to recoil the striking part. Relaxation enables the
strike to achieve the greatest possible velocity during travel, while rigidity at impact allows the maximum transfer
of energy.
2. Breath control: Practitioners may include a kiai or shout, to help tense the muscles at impact and distract or
frighten the opponent. Strikers generally exhale as the strike nears the target. Breath control is also important to
relax the body when not attacking; novice strikers often waste significant energy because they are tense at
inappropriate times.
Stomp
Others
Bottom
Headbutt
Hip and shoulder check
Principles
7. 3. Penetration: Strikes should aim for a point 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) behind the target surface, to impart the most
energy into the target. The striker in combat should attempt to strike through the target area, not just contact the
surface. An example of increase penetration is in turning the fist as it is thrown, a very natural punching
technique that the amount of turn depends on the position be it either as an attack, defense, or counter.
Instinctive punching, boxing, along with most martial arts uses this type of punching aside from Wing Chun and
Capoeira who favor adding slightly more speed at the cost of moderate power loss.
4. Focus: Strikes should channel force through a small area of the attacker's body. For example, this is the knuckles
of the middle finger and index finger during a karate reverse punch, or the crescent/blade of the foot in a Tae
Kwon Do side kick technique. Focus helps in achieving proper penetration and in maximizing the damage at the
point of impact.
5. Kinetic linkage / Summation of force: Muscles are activated in a precise sequence to maximize the force
generated. Strikes should generally be thrown with some measure of shifting body weight supporting the blow, as
opposed to just the striking arm or leg. For example, the traditional boxing jab is made more forceful by driving off
the rear leg and shifting body weight into the blow, while twisting the trunk and shoulder to further enhance the
striking force.
6. Footwork: Proper footwork is used to enable the proper balancing of the body, to support combinations of strikes
and launch strikes from the proper angle or distance. This is among the most complex elements of striking, as
power ultimately flows from the legs in striking and optimizing the ability to throw combinations involves precise
footwork.
7. Gravity: Strikes that go from high to low like hammerfists, downwards elbows, and stomp kicks see their force
enhanced by gravity.
Besides applying the mechanical elements described above, strikers use particular strategies to help ensure their strikes are
effective. Among these strategies are:
1. Combinations: Strikers may combine techniques in a series to ensure one or more strikes impact their
opponents. These attacks are thrown at various targets on the body, with the greatest force typically thrown with
a particular technique in the sequence.
2. Level of attack: The height of attack is often varied, such as a jab to the head followed by a kick to the ribs. By
varying the level of attack, strikers open the guard of their opponent.
3. Timing and Rhythm: Experienced strikers learn through repetition and muscle memory when (not just how) to
launch particular strikes, based on the circumstances they are facing. Fights and fighters may have ebbs and
flows in momentum and action that become predictable. Disrupting this flow may give the striker an advantage.
4. Direct line: "Telegraphing" refers to moving the striking body part prior to actually launching the blow.
Telegraphing signals the intent to the opponent and increases the likelihood the strike will not be effective. In
general, the striking weapon should move first, with the body driving behind it. This requires proper distancing
and footwork.
5. Deception: Strikers use feints or distractions to disguise the timing or direction of their attacks. Stomping the foot,
noise, frequent hand movement, head movement, switching the guard position, etc. are common feints. Using
feints, then attacking at multiple levels and with various techniques may help deceive the opponent, defeating
their guard.
6. Dominant angle of attack: Achieving a positional advantage relative to your opponent. UFC champion Anderson
Silva wrote: "The ultimate goal in fighting is to utilize footwork to acquire a dominant angle of attack." He defines
this as "...a position from which you can strike your opponent, and your opponent is out of position to hit you with
a strike...you want your hips facing your opponent and your opponents hips facing away from yours."[4]
The human hand is made up of many small bones which may be damaged by heavy impact. If a hard part of the opponent's body
or other hard object is inadvertently struck, the metacarpals may splay on impact and break. Boxers tape their hands so as to hold
the metacarpals together and keep them from splaying. One can toughen one's bones by striking objects to induce osteoclasts
(cells which remove bone) and osteoblasts (which form bone) to remodel the bone over the struck area increasing the density of
bone at the striking surface. For more information on bone remodeling, see Wolff's law.
The wrist must also be kept in proper alignment during a fist strike. If the wrist bends on impact, it can easily be sprained,
dislocated or broken. Boxers tape their wrists to reduce wrist flex.
Strategies
Risks
8. Makiwara
Punching bag
One inch punch
Atemi
Varma kalai
1. The Essential Book of Martial Arts Kicks: 89 Kicks from Karate, Taekwondo, Muay Thai, Jeet Kune Do, and
Others by Marc De Bremaeker and Roy Faige
2. Funakoshi, Gichin. Karate-Do Kyohan: The Master Text. Tokyo. Kodansha International; 1973.
3. Lee, Bruce and Lee, Linda. Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Burbank, CA. O'Hara Publications; 1975.
4. Silva, Anderson (2007). Mixed Martial Arts Instruction Manual: Striking. Victory Belt. ISBN 978-0-9815044-1-4.
Highlights - 1988 Olympic Gold Medalist Myung Sam Jang - Examples of Footwork and Kicking (https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?v=dj8IBYJuKAg&playnext_from=TL&videos=jldiTnAI6Nw)
Anderson Silva - Examples of Basic Striking and Combinations (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nBoQgeKP-
0&playnext_from=TL&videos=aR4ARYeirLM)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strike_(attack)&oldid=894019737"
This page was last edited on 25 April 2019, at 02:38 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using
this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
See also
References
External links
Video examples
9. Armlock
Armlock shown is a straight armbar (jūji-
gatame)
Classification Joint-lock
Parent hold Various Grappling positions
Child hold(s) Wristlock
Armlock
An armlock in grappling is a single or double joint lock that
hyperextends, hyperflexes or hyperrotates the elbow joint or
shoulder joint. An armlock that hyperflexes or hyperrotates the
shoulder joint is referred to as a shoulder lock, and an armlock
that hyperextends the elbow joint is called an armbar. Depending
on the joint flexibility of a person, armlocks that hyperrotate the
shoulder joint can also hyperrotate the elbow joint, and vice versa.
Obtaining an armlock requires effective use of full-body leverage
in order to initiate and secure a lock on the targeted arm, while
preventing the opponent from escaping the lock. Therefore,
performing an armlock is less problematic on the ground, from
positions such as the mount, side control, or guard. Armlocks are
more difficult to perform when both combatants are standing up,
though the stand-up variants are a focus in certain systems such as
Chin Na.
Armlocks, considered less dangerous techniques in combat sports
allowing joint locks, are the most common joint locks used as
submission holds. In training, the method of executing an armlock is generally slow and controlled to give the opponent time to
submit prior to any infliction of injury. However, in self-defense applications, or when applied improperly or with excessive
force, armlocks can cause muscle, tendon and ligament damage, even dislocation, or bone fractures.
Armbar
Flying armbar
Helicopter armbar
Sankaku-gatame
Shoulder locks
Top shoulder lock
Double wristlock (Gyaku ude-garami)
Omoplata (sankaku-garami)
Hammerlock
See also
References
External links
Contents
Armbar
10. The jūji-gatame ( 十 字 固 め , rendered as "Ude-Hishigi-Juji-Gatame"), also
sometimes used interchangeably with the terms armbar, cross armbar or straight
armbar, is a Kodokan Judo technique also widely used in other grappling martial
arts such as BJJ. The English word "bar" is used here to signify the opponent's
extended arm, while the Japanese word "jūji" (十字) refers to the armbar's visual
resemblance to the number 10 as written in kanji, 十. The word jūji is also found in
"jūjika" (十字架), meaning a cross. In general, the practitioner secures an arm at the
wrist of the opponent, trapping it by squeezing the knees together. To initiate the
submission one of the legs will be across the chest of the opponent, the second leg's
calf will cross face the opponent, with the hips tight into the armpit, with the arm
held between the thighs, with the elbow pointing against the thigh or hips. By
holding the opponent's wrist to the attacker's chest with the pinky finger on the
sternum and the thumb facing up (arm semi-supinated or semi-pronated), the
practitioner can easily extend the opponent's arm and hyperextend the opponent's
elbow. The attacker can further increase the pressure on the elbow joint by arching
his hips against the elbow. This technique is used in various grappling martial arts,
including but not limited to Brazilian jiu-jitsu, catch wrestling, judo, jujutsu, Sambo,
and shoot wrestling, and is one of the most common ways to win a match in mixed
martial arts competition.
The flying armbar or tobi-jūji-gatame (飛び十字固め) is a version of the jūji-gatame that is performed from a stand-up
position. Without a gi, it is typically applied when the opponent has a collar tie and arm control. By tightly holding the opponent's
neck and arm, the practitioner places one of his shins against the opponent's midsection, and leans up on the opponent; at the
same time, the attacker swings the leg on the same side as the opponent's collar tie over the opponent's head, into the typical jūji-
gatame position. A slight modification of this maneuver can also be made. Instead of initiating the move by placing the shin
against the opponent's midsection, the lower leg can be directed through the space between the arm and trunk of the opponent
with the knee generally placed close to the opponent's armpit. The advantage of this modification is that the attacking
practitioner's hips more closely engage with the defender's shoulders, making the forthcoming armbar submission easier to
accomplish. However, the disadvantage of this modification is that the associated risk of injury is increased due to the attacker's
increased height above the ground and near-vertical upside-down angle to the ground. (With a gi, it can be performed without
needing to hold the neck.) If improperly performed, this technique can allow the opponent to escape, and gain an advantageous
position. The flying armbar is considered to be one of the most visually spectacular joint locks, but it is uncommon because of the
associated risk of falling into a poor position.
The helicopter armbar is a slightly different version of the armbar, a combination of an armbar and tomoe nage, which is also
used by wrestling, Judo and BJJ. When the attacker stands in front of the opponent, he grabs both of his arms and falls
backwards, causing the opponent to lean forward. Then the attacker puts his feet on the opponent's stomach or hips and lifts him
up with his feet. While securing one of the opponents arms, the attacker will drop one foot (Same side as the secured arm). This
will cause the opponent to twist and fall, landing with the secured arm extended by the attacker.
A fighter attempts to escape from
an armbar by slamming the
opponent to the ground.
Flying armbar
Helicopter armbar
Sankaku-gatame
11. The sankaku-gatame (三角固め) or triangle armlock is a jūji-gatame performed from the sankaku position. Originating from
Judo it is normally used when the shime (strangle) is not working. It is an effective competition technique because the opponent's
arm became exposed while defending the sankaku-jime and their attention is focused in stopping the strangle.
The "shoulder lock" is a technique used as a method of upper body restraint. It should not be confused with a choke because the
lock does not block or interfere with the flow of air or oxygen to the brain. The application is executed by applying pressure
between the radial bone and shoulder.
The top shoulder lock, (Also known as the figure-four armlock, bent
armlock, americana, keylock, V1 armlock, paintbrush, or ude-
garami)[1][2] is a grappling keylock technique in which both of the
practitioner’s arms isolate and cause flexion to the shoulder, elbow, and to
a lesser extent the wrist of the opponent. The technique is generally set in
motion by the practitioner, using their opposite side hand, (i.e. to target the
opponents' right hand he uses his own left hand) pinning the opponent's
arm to the ground at the wrist, so that the elbow falls at a right angle with
the palm facing upwards. Subsequently, the practitioner will thread his
opposite hand under the opponent’s biceps, reach through and grasp his
own wrist, doing so creates the signature “figure four,” from which one
name for this technique was derived, this also gives the practitioner a mechanical advantage over the opponent. To finish the
submission the practitioner slides the wrist of the opponent toward the lower body, while simultaneously elevating the elbow and
forearm, in a motion resembling using a paintbrush, creating opposition to the joints and causing the necessary flexion in the
shoulder and elbow to cause significant pain, and damage if the opponent fails to submit. While it is feasible to execute this
technique from several different positions, the most commonly utilized is the side mount position. This technique also has
numerous variations with their own nomenclature, for instance depending on the rotational direction the arm, the addition of the
word "reverse" signifying medial rotation as in reverse keylock or reverse ude-garami, in which case the usage of "keylock"
indicates lateral rotation only.
Double wristlock / chicken wing (catch wrestling), kimura (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu), or reverse keylock are terms used to specify a
medial keylock known in judo as gyaku ude-garami (reverse arm entanglement) or simply as ude-garami. The application is
similar to the top wristlock, except that it is reversed. It needs some space behind the opponent to be effective, and can be applied
from the side control or guard. Contrary to the top wristlock, the opponent's wrist is grabbed with the hand on the same side, and
the opposite arm is put behind the opponent's arm, again grabbing the attacker's wrist and forming a figure-four. By controlling
the opponent's body and cranking the arm away from the attacker, pressure is put on the shoulder joint, and depending on the
angle, also the elbow joint (in some variations the opponent's arm is brought behind their back, resulting in a finishing position
resembling that of the hammerlock outlined below).
The name "kimura" started circulating in Brazil after a judoka and a professional wrestler Masahiko Kimura used it to defeat one
of the founders of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Hélio Gracie. This variation of the name gained more prominence in MMA after the
introduction of UFC, and the role Gracie had in its early history. Although a top wristlock is technically a reverse double
wristlock, UFC announcer Bruce Buffer still announces fights won by top wristlock as "by tap-out due to a kimura".[3]
Shoulder locks
Top shoulder lock
Ude-garami (americana) being attempted
in Judo competition
Double wristlock (Gyaku ude-garami)
12. Professional wrestler Terry Funk credits Lorigo "Tony" Morelli with introducing the hold to wrestling "in the '20s", and expressed
light frustration with the term "kimura" gradually replacing "double wristlock". He says Morelli set it up by giving opponents
(either in fixed matches or legitimate challenges) his back, while standing, throughout his thirty-year career.[4] A reporter for The
Spokesman-Review used the term in June 1925 to describe a submission by Jim "Cyclone Thompson" Corrigan over the deputy
sheriff of Worley, Idaho, without elaborating on the mechanics.[5] The Wichita Eagle did likewise that April, for Dick
Daviscourt's first fall on strongman Henry "Milo" Steinborn.[6]
The 1928 National Collegiate Athletic Association rulebook noted, "Attention is called to the fact that if the double wristlock is
brought up to a twisting hammerlock, it becomes an illegal hold and must be stopped by the Referee...". Elsewhere, it prohibits
preventing an opponent from escaping with a bodylock, with low-quality photographic illustration. It also noted concern for the
danger of a legally applied double wristlock.[7] Robin Reed had used the move to force pins on his way to an Olympic gold
medal in 1924.[8]
The omoplata (referred to in judo as ashi-sankaku-garami, 三角緘, "triangular
entanglement"[9][10] and in catch wrestling as coil lock) is also a commonly featured
shoulder lock in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. The locking mechanism is similar to the kimura
lock, but instead of using a figure-four, it is applied using a leg. The omoplata can be
applied from the guard, by placing one leg under the opponent's armpit and turning
180 degrees in the direction of that leg, so that the leg moves over the back of the
opponent and entangles the opponent's arm. By controlling the opponent's body and
pushing the arm perpendicularly away from the opponent's back, pressure can be put
on the opponent's shoulder. It is also possible to put pressure on the elbow joint by
bending the leg entangling the arm, and twisting it in a specific manner. In order to
secure the opponent and prevent him from rolling out of the lock, the inner arm can be thrown over the opponent's waist as a
"seatbelt" securing the opponent. Though an effective lock, it is more difficult than other armlocks to successfully apply. The
technique called a monoplata is a similar armlock that resembles jūji-gatame or spiderweb position yet has a mechanism like an
omoplata.
Tsunetane Oda, a judo groundwork specialist who died in 1955,[11] was shown on video to have demonstrated the technique.[12]
A hammerlock is a shoulder lock similar to the double wristlock where the opponent's arm is held bent against their back, and
their hand forced upwards towards the neck, thereby applying pressure to the shoulder joint. In BJJ circles, this is sometimes
referred to as chicken wing.
For armlocks involving a separating motion of the elbow joint, see Biceps slicer.
Leglock
Small joint manipulation
Spinal lock
Wristlock
1. "Classification of Techniques in Kodokan Judo" (http://www.judoinfo.com/gokyo3.htm). Retrieved 2008-10-19.
Omoplata (sankaku-garami)
Royce Gracie demonstrating the
Omoplata.
Hammerlock
See also
References
13. Gracie BJJ. Kimura Lock (https://web.archive.org/web/20090802233310/http://www.mmasubmissionmoves.com/
Joint-Locks/Kimura-Gyaku-ude-garami-3/). mmasubmissionmoves.com.
Bothner, George; Gotch, Frank; Hackenschmidt, George; Liederman, Earle. Hammerlock (http://gnarlmaster.tripo
d.com/gnarlmaster/Hammerlock.htm). gnarlmaster.tripod.com.
Kesting, Stephan. Revolutionary Omo Plata (http://www.grapplearts.com/Omo-Plata-Article.htm).
www.grapplearts.com.
Kesting, Stephan; Soares, Marcus. Mastering the Kimura (http://www.grapplearts.com/Kimura-Article.htm),
www.grapplearts.com.
Ohlenkamp, Neil. The Most Powerful Armlock in Judo (http://judoinfo.com/jujigatame.htm). judoinfo.com.
Trnka, Tue. MMA-ordbogen (https://web.archive.org/web/20110719125940/http://www.mmareporter.dk/?id=26).
www.mmareporter.dk. URL last accessed August 18, 2006. (In Danish)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armlock&oldid=900220009"
This page was last edited on 4 June 2019, at 06:31 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using
this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
2. "The 29 Official Grappling Techniques of Kodokan Judo" (http://www.judoinfo.com/gokyo2.htm). Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20081007123501/http://www.judoinfo.com/gokyo2.htm) from the original on 7 October
2008. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
3. MetroPCS Move of the Week - Gabriel Gonzaga vs. Justin McCully (http://www.ufc.com/media/metropcs-motw-g
onzaga-mccully)
4. The Ross Report, episode 55, "Terry Funk". (http://podcastone.com/The-Ross-Report)Jim Ross interviews Terry
Funk, on PodcastOne (1:13:30)
5. "Cyclone Thompson Wins Championship Belt", reprinted from The Spokesan-Review by The WAWLI Papers (htt
p://www.wrestlingclassics.com/wawli/New141-150.htm)
6. "Daviscourt Knows Too Much About Wrestling Game", reprinted from The Wichita Eagle by The WAWLI Papers
(http://www.wrestlingclassics.com/wawli/REDUXNos.1-10.html)
7. "National Collegiate Athletic Association Official Intercollegiate Wrestling Guide", by the Spalding's Athletic
Library, 1928 (page 50) (http://nwhof.org/NCAA-Guides/PDF/NCAA%20Guide%201928.PDF)
8. "Wrestling Tough", by Mike Chapman, page 65-66. (https://books.google.ca/books?id=OcPia9mAlKQC&pg=PA65
&lpg=PA65)
9. Inokuma, Isao; Sato, Nobuyuki (1987). Best Judo. Kodansha America. ISBN 0-87011-786-6.
10. Judo-club Hadamar. Judo von A - Z (http://www.judoclubhadamar.de/Judolexikon.htm) Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20050506044131/http://www.judoclubhadamar.de/Judolexikon.htm) 2005-05-06 at the Wayback
Machine. www.judoclubhadamar.de. URL last accessed August 18, 2006. (In German)
11. Toshikazu Okada. Master Tsunetane Oda (http://judoinfo.com/oda.htm)
12. Tsunetane Oda - judo ne-waza 3 of 3 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_of8P71itic&t=6m59s)
External links
14. Chokehold 1
Chokehold
Chokehold
The lateral vascular neck restraint demonstrated by soldiers of the Maldives Armed Forces
Parent style Judo and other various styles
AKA Stranglehold, shime-waza
A chokehold, choke, stranglehold or, in Judo, shime-waza (Japanese: 絞技; English: constriction technique)
[1]
is
a general term for grappling hold that critically reduces or prevents either air (choking)
[2]
or blood (strangling) from
passing through the neck of an opponent. The restriction may be of one or both and depends on the hold used and the
reaction of the victim. The lack of blood or air may lead to unconsciousness or even death if the hold is maintained.
Chokeholds are used in martial arts, combat sports, self-defense, law enforcement and in military hand to hand
combat applications. They are considered superior to brute-force manual strangling, which generally requires a large
disparity in physical strength to be effective.
[3]
Rather than using the fingers or arms to attempt to crush the neck,
chokeholds effectively use leverage such as figure-four holds or collar holds that use the clothes to assist in the
constriction. .
The terminology used varies; in most martial arts, the term "chokehold" or "choke" is used for all types of grappling
holds that strangle. This can be misleading as most holds aim to strangle not choke with the exception of "air
chokes" (choking means "to have severe difficulty in breathing because of a constricted or obstructed throat or a lack
of air"). In Judo terminology, "blood chokes" are referred to as "strangleholds" or "strangles" while "air chokes" are
called "chokeholds" or "chokes". In forensics the terms "strangle" and "stranglehold" designate any type of neck
compression, while in law-enforcement they are referred to as "neck holds".
[4]
Air choke
An air choke or tracheal choke specifically refers to a "true" choke that compresses the upper airway (trachea,
larynx or laryngopharynx), hence interfering with breathing, and leading to asphyxia. Although less effective at
inducing unconsciousness than its vascular counterpart, the air choke causes excruciating pain and air hunger, and in
combat sports a fighter will usually submit to such a submission hold. Air chokes have been associated with fractures
of the larynx or hyoid bone, and are considered less safe than blood chokes to practice. The common
law-enforcement arm bar choke is an air choke done by placing the forearm across the front of the neck from behind.
The free hand grabs the wrist and pulls back the forearm, hence driving the forearm (usually the radius bone) into the
front of the neck.
[citation needed]
15. Chokehold 2
Blood choke
Blood chokes, carotid restraint or sleeper holds, are a form of strangulation that compress one or both carotid arteries
and/or the jugular veins without compressing the airway, hence causing cerebral ischemia and a temporary hypoxic
condition in the brain.
[5]
A well applied blood choke may lead to unconsciousness in a matter of seconds. Compared
to strangulation with the hands, properly applied blood chokes require little physical strength.
[6]
Use in combat sports
Woman practicing Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu demonstrates the Triangle
choke.
Most chokeholds featured in combat sports and martial
arts are blood chokes, although some air chokes or
combinations occur as well. Blood chokes, especially
the rear naked choke, triangle chokes, or gi chokes, are
commonly used as submission holds in Brazilian
Jiu-Jitsu. In Judo, chokeholds, known as shime-waza,
are used but are often subject to restrictions based on
age or rank. Chokeholds are not allowed in Sport
Sambo but are allowed in Combat Sambo. The
chokeholds used in Catch wrestling and Shoot
wrestling are the inspiration for the "chokeholds" in
modern professional wrestling performances. Due to the effectiveness of chokeholds and their popularity in a wide
variety of martial arts, they are often used to force submissions in mixed martial art and submission grappling
competitions.
Use in law enforcement
The lateral vascular neck restraint (also called sleeper hold) is still a widely taught and utilized blood restriction
hold in law enforcement, and can be performed from behind the suspect (or from the front when the officer is "on
top" of the suspect) by putting an arm around the neck of the suspect, with the crook of the elbow over the midline of
the neck. By pinching the arm together while assisting with the free hand, the carotid arteries and jugular veins are
compressed on both sides of the neck. This hold does not put any pressure on the airway, of course, an improperly
applied hold could quickly turn into an air choke if the person being strangled resists the hold by attempting to turn
around.
[7]
Due to risks of injuries, American law enforcement agencies restrict or in some "rare" instances, forbid its use. The
Los Angeles Police Department, for example, prohibited its officers from using air chokes and restricted use of the
carotid hold to instances where death or serious bodily injury was threatened, after routinely using chokeholds for
many years. The Bay Area Rapid Transit Police are completely prohibited from using carotid holds.
Partial list of chokeholds
16. Chokehold 3
Gi choke in judo competition.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it
[8]
.
• Anaconda choke – Choke starting with attacker facing the opponent
on all fours. Attacker passes his leading arm under the neck, and
outside past one of the opponent's arms while then grabbing his own
other arm's free arm biceps (resulting in similar arm positioning to a
rear naked choke). The attacker then arches his back, bending
backward to apply the choke.
• Arm triangle choke – Similar to the leg triangle choke except that it
is performed from above a grounded opponent using the arms.
• D'arce Choke – the D'Arce choke, also known as the Brabo choke, is similar to the Anaconda choke, the main
divergence being the choking arm is threaded under the near arm, in front of the opponent's neck, and on top of
the far arm.
• Ezekiel choke – Attacker grabs inside their own sleeve around opponent's neck.
• Shime-waza choke – Any choke applied by using the opponents gi (i.e. uniform), most commonly used in Judo
and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (Example: Ezequiel choke, slide choke, half nelson choke, bow and arrow choke, clock
choke).
• Gogoplata – Performed from full guard by using an Omoplata setup to trap the top man's arm, then pulling the
bottom man's foot past the top man's head, pressing the shin of that leg against the throat. The bottom man then
pulls on his opponent's head, cutting off the airflow and forcing him to submit or risk passing out from lack of
oxygen.
• Guillotine – Applied in front of and above the opponent, the attacker restricts air flow by lifting the forearm into
the neck. A common finishing hold in mixed martial arts.
• North–south choke – Applied from the north-south position with opponent facing up. Uses the shoulder and
biceps to cut off air flow.
• Push Choke – This can be applied a prone opponent, facing the person applying, by simply placing a hand to the
throat, and pushing down, as the name implies. This is an air choke, and if left applied for too long, will result in
fracture of the Hyoid bone in the neck, and death. Because of the high likelihood of death to the opponent, it is
often not used in most fighting, and is an outlawed hold within the wrestling community because of the high
chance of it being misdelivered, resulting in death.
• Rear naked choke – Applied from behind the opponent, starting by looping one arm around the neck so that the
crook of the elbow is under the opponents chin, then placing the hand of that arm on the opposite biceps. The
other hand is then placed on the back of the opponent's head and pushes the opponent's head and neck forward
into the crook of the flexed arm. Additional pressure may be applied by pinioning the opponent's lower body by
locking the legs around the opponent's waist (referred to as "hooks") and arching the back to place more force
against the neck. A simple and effective chokehold, it is the most common
[]
finishing hold in mixed martial arts
competition.
• Triangle choke – Applied from full guard or from mount, the opponent's neck is trapped in a triangle formed by
their own arm and the attacker's thigh and calf. A common finishing hold in Mixed martial arts.
• Peruvian Necktie – another chokehold variant created by Peruvian MMA fighter Tony DeSouza in which the
arms of the person applying the choke are laced around the neck with the opponent's bottom arom straight through
the hold, the person applying then turns the opponent around, and drapes his legs over the back, applying the
pressure to the choke, this hold is used mostly by American MMA fighters Eddie Alvarez and CB Dollaway.
• Shin choke – Used on a prone opponent, by simply placing the shin across the neck, resulting in constriction of
airflow to the lungs, it will quickly result in the loss of consciousness of the opponent.
• Short Wrist Choke – In Judo, the rear naked choke is known as Hadaka-jime (裸絞め): "rear naked choke", one
of the 36 constriction techniques of Kodokan Judo in the Shime-waza list. It digs the blade of the wrist into the
carotid sinus similar to the hand clasp method and uses a lever motion helped by the underhand. It is faster to
17. Chokehold 4
apply requiring less strength than the figure four/mixed-martial arts version but is more difficult to learn. It is not
an air choke but a carotid choke created entirely by the attacker's arms.
• Von Blut Choke – this choke is mostly used in MMA, and some rare instances in wrestling, because of the rareity
of its use, it is often overlooked in its effectiveness. The choke is applied with the opponent in a supine position,
with his back against the mat, the person applying then laces his closest arm around the back of the head, and
places his entire body weight against the neck, causing both air constriction, and restriction of blood flow to the
brain, prolonged applying of this hold can result in loss of consciousness, either due to loss of blood flow to the
brain, or loss of air to the lungs, if kept applied for too long, it can result in death to the opponent.
Further reading
• Zev Yaroslavsky and Robert C. Farrell, Los Angeles City Council members in the 1970s, who worked to ban
chokeholds in the Los Angeles Police Department.
• Force Science News #198: Vascular neck restraint: Reprieve for a bum-rapped technique
[9]
References
[1] Ohlenkamp, Neil. Principles of Judo Choking Techniques (http://judoinfo.com/chokes.htm). judoinfo.com. URL last accessed March 3,
2006.
[2] The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1999). Oxford University press. ISBN 0-19-861263-X.
[3] Jones, Richard. Asphyxia (http://www.forensicmed.co.uk/asphyxia.htm), Strangulation (http://www.forensicmed.co.uk/strangulation.
htm). www.forensicmed.co.uk. URL last accessed February 26, 2006.
[4] Reay, Donald; Eisele, John. Death from law enforcement neck holds (http://www.charlydmiller.com/LIB/1982neckholds.html).
www.charlydmiller.com.URL last accessed March 3, 2006
[5] Koiwai, Karl. Deaths Allegedly Caused by the Use of "Choke Holds" (Shime-Waza) (http://judoinfo.com/chokes6.htm). judoinfo.com.
URL last accessed March 3, 2006.
[6] Koiwai, Karl. How Safe is Choking in Judo? (http://judoinfo.com/chokes5.htm). judoinfo.com. URL last accessed March 3, 2006.
[7] DiMaio, Vincent; DiMaio, Dominick (2001). Forensic Pathology, Second Edition. Selected Pages from CHAPTER 8 (http://www.
charlydmiller.com/LIB/forensicpathasphyxia.html) and from Deaths Occurring Following the Application of Choke or Carotid Holds (http:/
/www.datenschlag.org/howto/atem/english/DiM89.html). www.charlydmiller.com. URL last accessed March 2, 2006.
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chokehold&action=edit
[9] http://www.forcescience.org/fsinews/2012/02/force-science-news-198-vascular-neck-restraint-reprieve-for-a-bum-rapped-technique/
#more-979
External links
• Hadakajime - Air or Blood Choke? (http://www.bestjudo.com/article1.shtml). Discussion about whether
hadakajime can be classified as an air or blood choke.
• Joe Rogan doing a Blood choke http://www.spike.com/player?ifilmId=2685057&refsite=7063
19. Wristlock 1
Wristlock
Wristlock
A pronating wristlock used to hold a man's head down
Classification Joint-lock
Parent style Judo, Aiki-Jujutsu, Aikido
A Wristlock is a joint lock primarily affecting the wrist-joint and possibly the radioulnar joints through rotation of
the hand. A wristlock is typically applied by grabbing the opponent's hand, and bending and/or twisting it.
Wristlocks are very common in martial arts such as Aikido, Hapkido and jujutsu where they are featured as
self-defense techniques. They are also used as submission holds in combat sports such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu (where
the most common name is mão de vaca, "the cow's hand") and Catch wrestling. While being an illegal technique in
modern Sambo
[1]
and Judo
[2]
competitions, it is still practiced in judo forms of self-defense kata Kodokan Goshin
Jutsu.
[3]
Wristlocks are also widely used by law enforcement and military as pain compliance hold.
The wristlock is a technique that can be applied from a stand-up position, simply by grabbing the opponent's hand
and twisting and/or bending it in a non-natural direction. It is considered to be a relatively safe technique to practice
with a willing opponent,
[4]
but if applied suddenly and/or forcefully, a wristlock can cause ligament tears or possibly
even dislocation or bone fractures.
Major methods of wrist manipulation
Rotational wristlock
Rotational wristlock by an Aikido instructor
A rotational wristlock (in Aikido referred to as a type
of sankyō, 三 教, "third teaching")
[5][6]
is a very
common type of wristlock, and involves forced
supination or pronation of the wrist, and is typically
applied by grabbing and twisting the hand. The wrist
joint does not allow rotating motion, and the force is
transferred to the forearm causing radioulnar rotation,
eventually resulting in a joint lock on the radioulnar
joint. Once the radius and ulna have been brought to
their extreme positions, further twisting motion will put
severe torque on the wrist. In martial arts, standing
rotational wristlocks are often accompanied by the
opponent instinctively willingly throwing him or
herself to escape or alleviate the lock.
20. Wristlock 2
Supinating wristlock
A supinating wristlock demonstrated.
The supinating wristlock (in budō referred to as kote gaeshi,
小手返, "forearm return")
[7][8]
is a rotational wristlock, and
arguably the most common wristlock. It involves rotating the
hand so that it becomes maximally supinated, often referred to
as 'externally rotating' the wrist, and hence putting a joint lock
on the wrist and radioulnar joint. This can be done by
grabbing the opponent's hand with one or both hands, and
twisting the hand so that the opponent's thumb points away
from the opponent. A supinating wristlock performed from a
stand-up position can be used to force the opponent to the
ground on his or her back. Straightening the arm does not
alleviate the pressure, since the shoulder joint does not allow
further supination of the hand.
A properly executed lock of this type does not apply torque to the wrist, itself. In practice, the bones of the forearm
and, eventually, the shoulder are the focus of the lock. If performed correctly this technique will break the opponents
wrist, elbow and dislocate the shoulder. In practice uke will turn over his own arm, in order to prevent his wrist from
breaking. The goal of almost all throws executed via joint/bone manipulation, at least from the perspective of some
classical (koryu) martial arts, is to break or dislocate a limb(s).
Pronating wristlock
Pronating wristlock in a professional
wrestling match. Here, William Regal
is applying the hold to Cody Rhodes.
The pronating wristlock (in budō referred to as kote mawashi, 小手回し,
"forearm turn", and in Aikido referred to as nikyō, 二教, "second teaching") is
similar to the supinating wristlock except that it is reversed in direction, known
as 'internally rotating' the wrist. The hand becomes maximally pronated,
resulting in a joint lock on the wrist and radioulnar joint. The degree of possible
pronation depends on the degree of flexion at the elbow, as a bent elbow
inhibits rotation of the humerus. Hence, straightening the arm allows rotation of
the whole arm and alleviates the pressure on the joints. The arm has to be
additionally twisted until the shoulder joint reaches maximal rotation to
preserve the joint lock. This typically results in the arm moving posteriorly, and
allows for the complementary technique of pushing the arm at the elbow or
shoulder to force the opponent to the ground.
21. Wristlock 3
Hyperflexing wristlock
A hyperflexing wristlock used as a pain compliance
technique.
A hyperflexing wristlock (in budō referred to as tekubi gatame, 手
首固め, "wrist lock") involves forcing the wrist into hyperflexion
by pushing or pulling the hand towards the inside of the forearm. A
hyperflexing wristlock is often performed in combination with
rotational wristlocks, since the hyperflexed hand provides a good
lever for twisting, and in addition it increases the overall
effectiveness of the wristlock. Hyperflexing wristlocks are often
featured as pain compliance techniques, since they allow for good
control, and a gradual pain increase if more leverage is added.
Hyperflexing wristlocks are also a typical wristlock used as a
submission hold. Hyperflexing wrist locks, often applied after an
escape from a rotational wrist lock, is a signature technique in
Chen-style t'ai chi ch'uan.
Hyperextending wristlock
The "hyperextending wristlock" is often combined with a fingerlock as the wristlock itself is not very strong. It
involves bending the wrist so that the knuckles travel back toward the forearm.
Adductive wristlock
By pressing the opponent's wrist downwards, the hand is
forced into extreme ulnar deviation.
An adductive wristlock (in budō referred to as kote hono
gaeshi, "partial forearm return", part of aikido's nikyō, or
second teaching)[9] involves forced ulnar deviation of the
hand. It is typically applied by twisting the opponent's arm so
that the opponent's palm points laterally and the elbow is
slightly bent. The hand is then grabbed using one or both
hands, and the wrist is forced downwards, hence reaching the
limit of possible ulnar deviation, and creating a potent joint
lock on the wrist joint. To avoid damage, it is possible for the
opponent to drop down to the ground, and alleviate the
pressure. The adductive wristlock is often taught as a
self-defense technique against grabbing.
•• Note: in aikido this lock is called Nikyō; It is also commonly referred to as a "Z-Lock" because the bend of the
arm forms a Z.
•• Note: in some parts of America this is also called the "Goose Neck" because the bend of the arm forms a S.
22. Wristlock 4
References
Main references
• United States Marine Corps (1999). MCRP 3-02B Close Combat. Department of the Navy. Commercial ISBN
1-58160-073-9
• University of York Jiu Jitsu Club. Wrist Locks in Jiu Jitsu
[10]
. www.yorkjitsu.org. URL last accessed February 8,
2006.
Other references
[1] Amateur Athletic Union. SOMBO competition (http://www.aausports.org/handbooks/wrestling/XIX_sombo.pdf). www.aausports.org.
URL last accessed February 4, 2006.
[2] International Judo Federation. IJF Referee Rules (http://www.ijf.org/rule/rule_referee.php). www.ijf.org. URL last accessed March 6,
2006.
[3] http://judoinfo.com/katagosh.htm
[4] Lowry, Dave. Pain Management (http://www.blackbeltmag.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=379). www.blackbeltmag.com.
URL accessed on February 11, 2006.
[5] Pranin, Stanley. The Encyclopedia of Aikido: Sankyo (http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=573).
www.aikidojournal.com. URL last accessed February 10, 2006.
[6] Robertson, Ross. Ikkyo, Nikyo and Sankyo as Geometric Principles (http://www.mimagazine.com.au/Issue09_Sept/09_Ikkyo.htm).
www.mimagazine.com.au. URL last accessed February 10, 2006.
[7] Arlington Budoshin Ju-Jitsu Dojo. Terminology (http://www.arlingtonjujitsu.org/terms/G.shtm#gaeshi). www.arlingtonjujitsu.org. URL
last accessed February 8, 2006
[8] Landman, Howard. The technique of kotegaeshi (http://www.polyamory.org/~howard/Aikido/kotegaeshi.html). www.polyamory.org.
URL last accessed February 10, 2006.
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wristlock#endnote_kotegaeshi
[10] http://www.yorkjitsu.org/jitsu/techniques/locks/wrist.html
External links
• Omo Plata to wristlock (http://www.grapplearts.com/Omo-Plata-Technique-2.htm). Shows the omo plata
position being used to execute a wristlock.
• Joint locks: The wrist (http://www.hwarang.org/Jointlock.html)
23. Article Sources and Contributors 5
Article Sources and Contributors
Wristlock Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=544249414 Contributors: -Marcus-, Anafar, Behemoth, Bradford44, ChrisGualtieri, ChrisP2K5, Christian Findlay, Closedmouth,
Dsreyn, Ettrig, Freedom skies, GenkiNeko, Ghetteaux, Grafen, Graham87, Hakinu, Hfodf, Hkdharmon, Hutcher, InferKNOX, Jdcollins13, JoeSmack, KerwinBenson, Khoj badami, LOL, La
goutte de pluie, Legion211, Ligulem, LilHelpa, Loudenvier, Markdole, Mateo2006, Nate1481, Nehrams2020, Ohnoitsjamie, Pswift, Razionale, Sreyan, Steven Walling, SunTzu Yeah!, Syrthiss,
That Guy, From That Show!, ThomasSim, 40 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:wristlock4.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wristlock4.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: -Marcus-
File:Jan hermansson.aikido.b8dn3996379.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jan_hermansson.aikido.b8dn3996379.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Contributors: Janwikifoto
Image:supinatingwristlocksmall.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Supinatingwristlocksmall.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: -Marcus-, Hfodf
File:Regal-wristlock-on-Rhodes,-RLA-Melb-10.11.2007.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Regal-wristlock-on-Rhodes,-RLA-Melb-10.11.2007.jpg License: GNU
Free Documentation License Contributors: Jjron
Image:hyperflexingwristlocksmall.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hyperflexingwristlocksmall.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: -Marcus-, Hfodf
Image:2nd MAW trains keepers of the peace 02.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:2nd_MAW_trains_keepers_of_the_peace_02.jpg License: Creative Commons
Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Alfred Cunningham
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
24. Spinal lock 1
Spinal lock
Spinal lock
A grappler applies a lock to his opponent's neck
Classification Joint-lock
Parent style Grappling
AKA Neck crank
A spinal lock is a multiple joint lock applied to the spinal column, which is performed by forcing the spine beyond
its normal ranges of motion. This is typically done by bending or twisting the head or upper body into abnormal
positions. Commonly, spinal locks might strain the spinal musculature or result in a mild spinal sprain, while a
forcefully and/or suddenly applied spinal lock may cause severe ligament damage or damage to the vertebrae, and
possibly result in serious spinal cord injury, strokes, or death.
Spinal locks can be separated into two categories based on their primary area of effect on the spinal column: spinal
locks on the neck are called neck cranks and locks on the lower parts of the spine are called spine cranks.
Primarily a feature of some martial arts and wrestling, a 2007 news article reported the dangerous use of spinal locks
in Australia's National Rugby League.
Neck crank
A neck crank (sometimes also referred to as a neck lock, and technically known as a cervical lock) is a spinal lock
applied to the cervical spine causing hyperextension, hyperflexion, lateral hyperflexion, hyperrotation or
extension-distraction, either through bending, twisting or elongating. A neck crank is typically applied by pulling or
twisting the head beyond its normal ranges of rotation. Neck cranks are usually banned from sports competitions,
with notable exceptions in combat sports such as submission wrestling and mixed martial arts, where they are used
as submission holds or as a guard passing technique.
Can opener
The can opener (in Judo referred to as kubi-hishigi) is a hyperflexing neck crank that can be applied from the
opponent's guard or from a mounted position, by grabbing the opponent's head using the hands, and forcing it
towards the chest of the opponent. In competitions (where allowed) it is usually used as a taunting or distracting
move, but if applied effectively in a competition, it may force the opponent to submit.
This may also refer to a type of neck compression employed from a rear mount position in which the back of the
thumbs are used to drive into the neck starting from the high trapezius muscle toward the sternocleidomastoid
muscles, causing severe discomfort, and even submission. As of 2006, this is permitted in shiai as long as the
judoka's thumbs remain straight, and not bent. Its most common uses are to open up an opponent's chin for
shime-waza or as a diversionary tactic.
25. Spinal lock 2
Cattle catch
The cattle catch (also referred to as reverse crucifix, iron cross or stocks) is a hyperflexing neck crank involving
trapping the opponent's hands and forcing the head towards his or her chest. The technique is performed with the
opponent lying on his or her back, and the combatant performing the neck crank perpendicularly face-down in a side
mount position above the head of the opponent, with the opponent's head resting towards his armpit. The combatant
traps one arm using the legs, and the other using the arms. By using the pinned arms and legs as a point of leverage,
the combatant can forcefully crank the head towards the opponent's chest.
Crucifix neck crank
The crucifix neck crank is similar to the cattle catch, but involves the combatant performing the neck crank being
mounted on the opponent. Both of the opponent's arms are controlled, and the opponent's head is held in the armpit.
By cranking the body upwards while keeping a tight hold on the opponents arms, the opponents head is forced
towards his or her chest.
Both the cattle catch and the crucifix neck crank are colloquially referred to simply as the crucifix, which often leads
to confusion with the traditional crucifix position.
Twister
The twister (a similar move in wrestling is known as a guillotine) is a sideways body bend and neck crank, which
involves forcing the head towards the shoulder while controlling the body, hence causing lateral hyperflexion of the
cervical spine. The technique involves tension in several bodyparts, and depending on the flexibility of the recipient,
can also involve pain in the knees, abdominals and torso. The twister is often confused as being a spine crank since it
involves a degree of lateral non-cervical spinal flexion. The main pressure is however on the cervical spine, hence
making it a neck crank. It is performed from a back mount single vine ride position, where the top man has one
"hook" threaded through the bottom man's legs and secured behind the ankle. The top man then pulls the bottom
man's opposite arm behind his own head and grabs hold of his opponent's head, pulling it down to his shoulder.
Popularized by Eddie Bravo and the 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu system.
[1]
On March 26, 2011 Chan Sung Jung finished
Leonard Garcia at UFC Fight Night: Seattle in round 2 of their fight using a twister, the first, and as of 2013, the
only twister finish in UFC history.
Spine crank
A spine crank (the term spine lock is also often used to refer exclusively to this type) is a spinal lock that affects the
thoracic and/or lumbar regions of the spinal column. A spine crank is applied by twisting or bending the upper body
beyond its normal ranges of motion, causing hyperextension, hyperflexion, or hyperrotation of the spine. In martial
arts, spine cranks are generally rarer techniques than neck cranks because they are more difficult to apply. Twisting
or bending the upper body to apply pressure to the spinal column requires large amounts of leverage compared to
twisting or bending the head.
One of the most well known spine cranks is the boston crab, which is usually depicted in pro-wrestling context.
Similarly to neck cranks, spine cranks are illegal techniques in most combat sports, excluding some submission
wrestling and mixed martial arts competitions, where they are used as submission holds. Even if allowed, spine
cranks are very rarely featured because of the difficulty of applying them.
26. Spinal lock 3
References
Main references
• Bernard, Thomas. Cervical Spine Injuries in Olympic Athletes
[2]
. www.hughston.com. URL last accessed
February 8, 2006.
• Gracie Barra Tampa. Cattle Catch
[3]
, A Confusion of Crucifixes
[4]
. www.tampabjj.com. URL's last accessed
January 7, 2006.
• Kawaishi, Mikunosuke. Judo dislocation necklocks
[5]
. judoinfo.com. URL last accessed January 7, 2006.
• Radebold, Andrea. Lumbosacral Spine Sprain/Strain Injuries
[6]
. www.emedicine.com. URL last accessed January
7, 2006.
• Riccaldi, Alain. Catch Wrestling: Boston Crab & Half-Boston Crab
[7]
. www.fightordie.it. URL last accessed
February 5, 2006. (In Italian)
• Wieder, Brian. Cervical Spine Injury in Athletes
[8]
. thecni.org. URL last accessed February 8, 2006.
Other references
[1] Cunliffe, Joseph. On the road to the 2003 Abu Dhabi Championships with Eddie “The Twister” Bravo (http://www.onzuka.com/
news_2003April3.html). www.onzuka.com. URL last accessed January 7, 2006.
[2] http://www.hughston.com/hha/a_14_1_1.htm
[3] http://www.tampabjj.com/2005/11/18/cattle-catch/
[4] http://www.tampabjj.com/2005/11/17/a-confusion-of-crucifixes/
[5] http://judoinfo.com/kubiwaza.htm
[6] http://www.emedicine.com/SPORTS/topic69.htm
[7] http://www.fightordie.it/articolo_171.html
[8] http://thecni.org/reviews/11-1-p03-wieder.htm
External links
• Figure 4 Neck Crank (http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=57). Extension-distraction of the neck.
• Neck Extension (http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=56). Hyperextension of the neck.
• Neck Crank from All Fours (http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=491). Hyperextension and
hyperrotation of the neck.
• Eddie "Twister" Bravo: Outside of the Box (http://www.bjj.com.au/eddie_bravo_twister.html). Image series
showing how the twister is applied from the side mount.
• Twister from Head & Arm (http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=533). Image series showing how
the twister is applied when escaping from a scarf hold.