SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Why Rockets are Awesome … .and how they can be used to teach your students experimental design By Ringo Dingrando
This presentation, and all the presented material, is available on  www.ringophysics.blogspot.com
Ringo Dingrando ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rocket Liftoff Clip ,[object Object]
Rocket Launcher demonstration A youtube clip of the rocket launcher in use.
A Poor Rocket Assignment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Better Rocket Assignment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Lab Design is Important ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The IB thinks Lab Design is Important ,[object Object],[object Object]
AP thinks it is important
How to Make a Great Design Lab ,[object Object],[object Object]
1.  Get plenty of Equipment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.  Make students familiar with equipment ,[object Object],[object Object]
Middle Schoolers Building
High Schoolers Launching
3.  Brainstorm on variables ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stick ‘Em Up Brainstorming Independent Variables Dependent Variables
4.  Show examples of good labs ,[object Object],[object Object]
Student lab ,[object Object],[object Object]
Other Lab Ideas?
5.  Write Design Lab ,[object Object],[object Object]
Middle School Design Lab Middle School Design lab example on heart rate (LINK)
High School Design Lab High School Design lab example on rockets (LINK)
6.  Provide Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The IB Lab Design Rubric
My Feedback Sheet G4IA Assessment sheet  11/3/2008 Student:  Gonzales, Jose Investigation:  Rocket Design Lab Time: 2Hrs Date(s): 08/01/08 Design General comments Ringo Dingrando 2 Defining the problem and selecting variables You formulated a research question and identified the relevant variables. Great idea to change the center of gravity of the rocket!  No one else thought of that! Great sketch graph to help visualize your hypothesis. 1 Controlling variables You do not effectively control variables. By adding extra tape to the tail every time, you WILL change the center of mass, but you are ALSO changing the very important variable of rocket mass. 1 Describing a method for collection of data :)  Excellent drawing. You do not state the increments of your independent variable measurements. You do not list the range of your measurements. It is quite clear how and where you intend to add the mass, but how much tape each time?  What will be your maximum amount? What about multiple trials? 4 This criteria is only addressed This grade will not appear on the PSOW You are making similar mistakes as you did on previous labs. Please see the feedback on previous labs before you do your next one!
Feedback Sheet produced by G4IA G4IA:  http://www.eduap.com/
You could end here…. ,[object Object]
7.  Do the best labs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8.  Take the data stopwatch Data recording Cones for distance
More Data Taking
Continue on to the end ,[object Object],[object Object]
Contextualizing Labs ,[object Object]
The End ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

Similar to Why Rockets Are Awesome, A Presentation

Rocketry
Rocketry Rocketry
Rocketry
ChristineBoyer10
 
Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...
Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...
Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...
Darci the STEM Mom
 
Drexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docx
Drexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docxDrexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docx
Drexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docx
jacksnathalie
 
Catapulting into Project Based Learning
Catapulting into Project Based LearningCatapulting into Project Based Learning
Catapulting into Project Based Learning
palaich
 
(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry
(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry
(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry
SERC at Carleton College
 
Psych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercise
Psych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercisePsych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercise
Psych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercise
icraltioclim1984
 
BUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdf
BUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdfBUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdf
BUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdf
loantnu1
 
Presenting instructional content and thinking
Presenting instructional content and thinkingPresenting instructional content and thinking
Presenting instructional content and thinking
Ciel Educttu
 
Using Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry Class
Using Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry ClassUsing Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry Class
Using Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry Class
American International School of Bucharest
 
IoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul Hatherly
IoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul HatherlyIoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul Hatherly
IoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul HatherlySam Nolan
 
Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...
Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...
Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...
Barry Ryan
 
Practical Research 1 3rd week
Practical Research 1   3rd weekPractical Research 1   3rd week
Practical Research 1 3rd week
Christian Jay Salazar
 
Project Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary School
Project Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary SchoolProject Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary School
Project Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary School
androidrobo
 
Teacher-Ed.pptx
Teacher-Ed.pptxTeacher-Ed.pptx
Teacher-Ed.pptx
BabanKo
 
MARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptx
MARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptxMARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptx
MARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptx
NeilsLomotos
 
Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...
Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...
Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...Md Arman
 
Psy 335 psy335
Psy 335 psy335Psy 335 psy335
Psy 335 psy335
GOODCourseHelp
 
Ccss 2015 petri
Ccss 2015 petriCcss 2015 petri

Similar to Why Rockets Are Awesome, A Presentation (20)

Rocketry
Rocketry Rocketry
Rocketry
 
Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...
Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...
Adding the "TEM" to our Science Teaching: STEM mom gives tips for inquiry and...
 
Drexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docx
Drexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docxDrexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docx
Drexel University, College of Engineering2015-2016 Academic Year.docx
 
Catapulting into Project Based Learning
Catapulting into Project Based LearningCatapulting into Project Based Learning
Catapulting into Project Based Learning
 
(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry
(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry
(Re)Designing Introductory Geoscience Labs to Promote Inquiry
 
Psych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercise
Psych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercisePsych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercise
Psych 610 week 5 individual assignment homework exercise
 
BUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdf
BUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdfBUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdf
BUE2015FlippedClassroomDesign.pdf
 
Presenting instructional content and thinking
Presenting instructional content and thinkingPresenting instructional content and thinking
Presenting instructional content and thinking
 
Using Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry Class
Using Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry ClassUsing Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry Class
Using Web-Based Simulations to Enhance Learning in a Chemistry Class
 
IoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul Hatherly
IoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul HatherlyIoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul Hatherly
IoP Talk Sam Nolan Paul Hatherly
 
Minicasestudy
MinicasestudyMinicasestudy
Minicasestudy
 
Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...
Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...
Barry Ryan_Alternative Laboratories: Near Peer Constructed Technology Enhanc...
 
Practical Research 1 3rd week
Practical Research 1   3rd weekPractical Research 1   3rd week
Practical Research 1 3rd week
 
Project Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary School
Project Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary SchoolProject Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary School
Project Based Robotics Education Teaching In Primary School
 
Teacher-Ed.pptx
Teacher-Ed.pptxTeacher-Ed.pptx
Teacher-Ed.pptx
 
MARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptx
MARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptxMARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptx
MARGIE ACTION RESEARCH WHAT IS IT??.pptx
 
Ie class get startedguide
Ie class get startedguideIe class get startedguide
Ie class get startedguide
 
Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...
Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...
Readingtestspecifications assignment-01-ppt-141130013903-conversion-gate01 - ...
 
Psy 335 psy335
Psy 335 psy335Psy 335 psy335
Psy 335 psy335
 
Ccss 2015 petri
Ccss 2015 petriCcss 2015 petri
Ccss 2015 petri
 

Recently uploaded

The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Delapenabediema
 
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdfCACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
camakaiclarkmusic
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
Jisc
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
BhavyaRajput3
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Jisc
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Vikramjit Singh
 
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th SemesterGuidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Atul Kumar Singh
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
siemaillard
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptxThe Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
DhatriParmar
 
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkIntroduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
TechSoup
 
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Levi Shapiro
 
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe..."Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
SACHIN R KONDAGURI
 
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxPalestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
RaedMohamed3
 
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
 
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9  .docxAcetabularia Information For Class 9  .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
vaibhavrinwa19
 
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxChapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Mohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
 
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Special education needs
 
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
beazzy04
 

Recently uploaded (20)

The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
 
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdfCACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
 
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th SemesterGuidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
 
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptxThe Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
 
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkIntroduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
 
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
 
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe..."Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
 
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxPalestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
 
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
 
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9  .docxAcetabularia Information For Class 9  .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
 
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxChapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
 
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
 
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
 

Why Rockets Are Awesome, A Presentation

  • 1. Why Rockets are Awesome … .and how they can be used to teach your students experimental design By Ringo Dingrando
  • 2. This presentation, and all the presented material, is available on www.ringophysics.blogspot.com
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Rocket Launcher demonstration A youtube clip of the rocket launcher in use.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. AP thinks it is important
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 16.
  • 17. Stick ‘Em Up Brainstorming Independent Variables Dependent Variables
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 21.
  • 22. Middle School Design Lab Middle School Design lab example on heart rate (LINK)
  • 23. High School Design Lab High School Design lab example on rockets (LINK)
  • 24.
  • 25. The IB Lab Design Rubric
  • 26. My Feedback Sheet G4IA Assessment sheet 11/3/2008 Student: Gonzales, Jose Investigation: Rocket Design Lab Time: 2Hrs Date(s): 08/01/08 Design General comments Ringo Dingrando 2 Defining the problem and selecting variables You formulated a research question and identified the relevant variables. Great idea to change the center of gravity of the rocket! No one else thought of that! Great sketch graph to help visualize your hypothesis. 1 Controlling variables You do not effectively control variables. By adding extra tape to the tail every time, you WILL change the center of mass, but you are ALSO changing the very important variable of rocket mass. 1 Describing a method for collection of data :) Excellent drawing. You do not state the increments of your independent variable measurements. You do not list the range of your measurements. It is quite clear how and where you intend to add the mass, but how much tape each time? What will be your maximum amount? What about multiple trials? 4 This criteria is only addressed This grade will not appear on the PSOW You are making similar mistakes as you did on previous labs. Please see the feedback on previous labs before you do your next one!
  • 27. Feedback Sheet produced by G4IA G4IA: http://www.eduap.com/
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30. 8. Take the data stopwatch Data recording Cones for distance
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.