Why did animal phyla appear so suddenly during the Cambrian explosion.pdf
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Why did animal phyla appear so suddenly during the Cambrian explosion? Several variables have been hypothesized to play a role in the sudden appearance of diverse animals during the Cambrian explosion. For example, the \'higher oxygen levels\" hypothesis invokes an environmental trigger and the \"evolution of predation\" hypothesis invokes ecological interactions. Erik Sperling, Andrew Knoll, and colleagues set out to test the hypothesis that these two hypotheses are linked. Could the oxygen atmosphere enable the evolution of predation? Sponges lived in low-oxygen oceans before the Cambrian, and they occur today in both low- oxygen and high-oxygen environments. What aspects of the sponge body plan might have prevented the evolution of predatory sponges in high-oxygen environments? Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Effective predators tend to be and they have for detecting prey. Sponges lack, , and as adults. Solution EFFECTIVE PREDATORS TEND TO BE MOBILE AND THEY HAVE MOBILITY TO DETECTING PREY . SPONGES LACK SENSORY STRUCTURES,SYMMETRY,SEGMENTATION AS ADULTS ..
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In the previous year, in a very short time life was created by some supernatural power. Most of the religions and civilizations still believe in it, however, they do not have a scientific explanation and more a matter of faith. There has always been an attempt by the scientists and naturalists with keen observation, to explain the evolution scientifically and to look for its evidences.
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Hi please complete the following with detailed working out Find the .pdf
Hi please complete the following with detailed working out Find the eigenvalues of C1 C1 C1
C1 C2 C3 C3 C3 C3 cn cn Hint: You may find that the identity A2 (c1 c2 cm) is useful.
Solution
COORDINATES, EIGENVALUES, AND EIGENVECTORS
1. Review of coordinates
1.1. The standard basis. The standard basis for R n is the basis E = {e1, e2, . . . en}, where ej is
the vector with 1 in the j-th position and zeros elsewhere.
1.2. Coordinates with respect to a basis. Let B = {v1, v2, . . . vn} be a basis for R n .
We know that for each vector x R n there are unique scalar “coordinates” c1, c2, . . . cn such that
(1.1) x = c1v1 + c2v2 + . . . + cnvn
We call the vector c R n having coordinates c1, c2 . . . cn the “coordinate vector” of x with
respect to the basis B, and denote it by [x]B. 1.3.
First examples. (a) [x]E = x for each x R n . (b) For any basis B = {v1, v2, . . . vn} of R n : [vj
]B = ej (1 j n). (c) [0]B = 0 for any basis B (the zero vector has the same representation with
respect to any basis.
1.4. Matrix calculation of coordinates. Letting B = {v1, v2, . . . vn} be a basis for R n we can
rewrite equation (1.1) in matrix form as (1.2) x = V [x]B where V is the matrix having the vector
vj for its j-th column, i.e. V = [v1, v2, . . . vn].
. 1 2 EIGENVALUES/EIGENVECTORS V is invertible because its columns are linearly
independent
(see, for example, Summary 3.2.9(v) of our textbook, pp. 119–120), so we can compute the B
coordinate representation of any vector x R n by solving (1.2) for [x]B: (1.3) [x]B = V 1x For
example, if in R 2 we take B = {v1, v2} to be our basis, where v1 = 1 3 and v2 = 2 5 , then V = 1
2 3 5 and V 1 = 5 2 3 1 .
Suppose, for instance, that x = 1 1 . Then [x]B = V 1x = 5 2 3 1 1 1 = 7 4 More generally, if x
= x1 x2 is any vector in R n then the same calculation shows that [x]B = 5x1 + 2x2 3x1 x2 .
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, and w is a non-zero vector perpendicular to v. We take as our basis for R 2 , not the standard
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(a) Suppose T : R 2 R 2 is the transformation of orthogonal projection onto L. Then T(v) = v and
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Explain and discuss 4G wireless communications and their advantages..pdf
Explain and discuss 4G wireless communications and their advantages.
Solution
4G stands for fourth-generation wireless, it is the stage of broadband mobile communications
that will supercede the third generation 3G.
Explanation- Fourth generation wireless system is a packet switched wireless system with wide
area coverage and high throughput. It is designed to be cost effective and to provide high spectral
efficiency . The 4g wireless uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Ultra
Wide Radio Band (UWB),and Millimeter wireless. Data rate of 20mbps is employed. Mobile
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with adaptive modulation and power control. Frequency band is 2-8 GHz. it gives the ability for
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This new generation of wireless is intended to complement and replace the 3G systems.
Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a seamless connection to a wide range of
information and services, and receiving a large volume of information, data, pictures, video, and
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because they will be able to choose every application and environment. Based on the developing
trends of mobile communication, 4G will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and
smoother and quicker handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude of
wireless systems and networks.
The key concept is integrating the 4G capabilities with all of the existing mobile technologies
through advanced technologies. Application adaptability and being highly dynamic are the main
features of 4G services of interest to users. These features mean services can be delivered and be
available to the personal preference of different users and support the users\' traffic, air
interfaces, radio environment, and quality of service.
Connection with the network applications can be transferred into various forms and levels
correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this pool of information will be the
mobile telephone, PDA, and laptop to seamlessly access the voice communication, high-speed
information services, and entertainment broadcast services.
The fourth generation will encompass all systems from various networks, public to private;
operator-driven broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc networks. The 4G systems
will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting
systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet.
This all-encompassing integrated perspective shows the broad range of systems that the fourth
generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude platform to cel.
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This document summarizes key concepts in macroevolution, including how macroevolutionary changes occur through both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. It discusses evidence from fossils and comparisons between living organisms. It also covers plate tectonics, morphological divergence and convergence, developmental patterns, comparative biochemistry, molecular clocks, and taxonomy.
EarthAndLife.pdf
This prospectus outlines a key theme of the International Year of Planet Earth - Earth and Life: Origins of Diversity. It will focus on better understanding the dynamic processes of the biosphere and how that understanding can help achieve sustainable health of life support systems. Scientific projects will examine six key issues related to biodiversity changes and crises over deep time, including the factors responsible and how human activities interact with environmental factors. The prospectus provides an overview of life's evolution on Earth over billions of years, from early single-celled organisms to the radiation and mass extinctions of complex lifeforms. It aims to compile scientific data through global cooperation and online databases to advance knowledge of the biosphere.
The origin of lif eb
The document discusses several theories about the origin of life and evolution. It describes the theory of spontaneous generation which was disproved by Pasteur's experiments. The primordial soup theory proposes that early Earth's atmosphere allowed organic compounds to form in water with energy from lightning or volcanoes. Miller and Urey's experiment supported this by producing amino acids. The coacervate theory suggests these compounds organized into early cell-like structures. Regarding biodiversity, fixism was replaced by evolutionism comprising Lamarckism, Darwinism, neo-Darwinism, and punctuated equilibrium explaining species change over time as shown by the fossil record.
209 20 12
The document discusses the geologic time scale and the emergence of early life on Earth. It summarizes that the geologic time scale is divided into eons such as the Phanerozoic and Proterozoic. Early theories estimated the age of the Earth, while radioactive dating methods later revealed the Earth to be billions of years old. Stromatolites are among the earliest fossils, dating back over 3 billion years ago, and provided evidence that life began on the early Earth.
THE CONCEPT OF LIFE BASED ON.pptx
The document discusses theories on the origin of life on Earth and evidence that supports how early life began. It describes how scientists believe life first emerged around 3.5 billion years ago based on evidence from microfossils. Early life forms were prokaryotes like cyanobacteria that existed in mats and stromatolites. Cyanobacteria were some of the first organisms to produce oxygen, changing the atmosphere to support more complex life. Further evidence from fossil layers shows the evolution of diverse plants and animals over time.
12 biology notes_ch07_evolution
1. Evolutionary biology studies the history of life forms on Earth and how they have changed over time through processes like evolution and natural selection.
2. The origin of life is thought to have begun around 4 billion years ago on the early Earth through chemical evolution. Early Earth conditions allowed simple organic molecules like amino acids and RNA to form.
3. Over millions of years, through gradual processes like mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection, early life forms evolved into diverse organisms, including the first humans which emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
EVOLUTION NOTES.docx
Human beings have always been perplexed about the origin and evolution of life on earth. For centuries, a number of theories and hypothesis have been suggested to explain the evolutionary process.
In the previous year, in a very short time life was created by some supernatural power. Most of the religions and civilizations still believe in it, however, they do not have a scientific explanation and more a matter of faith. There has always been an attempt by the scientists and naturalists with keen observation, to explain the evolution scientifically and to look for its evidences.
The process of evolution involves a gradual change or variation in the organisms generation after generation. It means that the organisms of present-day have arisen from ancestors that were simpler in an organisation.
Similar to Why did animal phyla appear so suddenly during the Cambrian explosion.pdf (20)
Gurdjieff's Hydrogens Seminar #13 — The Element Air
Gurdjieff's Hydrogens Seminar #13 — The Element Air
E V O L U T I O N A R Y R E L A T I O N S H I P S U S I N G F O S S I L S ...
E V O L U T I O N A R Y R E L A T I O N S H I P S U S I N G F O S S I L S ...
More from ezhilvizhiyan
Hi please complete the following with detailed working out Find the .pdf
Hi please complete the following with detailed working out Find the eigenvalues of C1 C1 C1
C1 C2 C3 C3 C3 C3 cn cn Hint: You may find that the identity A2 (c1 c2 cm) is useful.
Solution
COORDINATES, EIGENVALUES, AND EIGENVECTORS
1. Review of coordinates
1.1. The standard basis. The standard basis for R n is the basis E = {e1, e2, . . . en}, where ej is
the vector with 1 in the j-th position and zeros elsewhere.
1.2. Coordinates with respect to a basis. Let B = {v1, v2, . . . vn} be a basis for R n .
We know that for each vector x R n there are unique scalar “coordinates” c1, c2, . . . cn such that
(1.1) x = c1v1 + c2v2 + . . . + cnvn
We call the vector c R n having coordinates c1, c2 . . . cn the “coordinate vector” of x with
respect to the basis B, and denote it by [x]B. 1.3.
First examples. (a) [x]E = x for each x R n . (b) For any basis B = {v1, v2, . . . vn} of R n : [vj
]B = ej (1 j n). (c) [0]B = 0 for any basis B (the zero vector has the same representation with
respect to any basis.
1.4. Matrix calculation of coordinates. Letting B = {v1, v2, . . . vn} be a basis for R n we can
rewrite equation (1.1) in matrix form as (1.2) x = V [x]B where V is the matrix having the vector
vj for its j-th column, i.e. V = [v1, v2, . . . vn].
. 1 2 EIGENVALUES/EIGENVECTORS V is invertible because its columns are linearly
independent
(see, for example, Summary 3.2.9(v) of our textbook, pp. 119–120), so we can compute the B
coordinate representation of any vector x R n by solving (1.2) for [x]B: (1.3) [x]B = V 1x For
example, if in R 2 we take B = {v1, v2} to be our basis, where v1 = 1 3 and v2 = 2 5 , then V = 1
2 3 5 and V 1 = 5 2 3 1 .
Suppose, for instance, that x = 1 1 . Then [x]B = V 1x = 5 2 3 1 1 1 = 7 4 More generally, if x
= x1 x2 is any vector in R n then the same calculation shows that [x]B = 5x1 + 2x2 3x1 x2 .
1.5. The matrix of a linear transformation with respect to a basis. Recall that each n × n matrix
induces a linear transformation T : R n R n by means of matrix multiplication: (1.4) T(x) = Ax
(x R n ). We refer to A as the “standard matrix” for T. The lesson of what’s to follow is that it’s
not always the best matrix for T! For a basis B = {v1, v2, . . . vn} for R n we define (1.5) [T]B =
[[T(v1)]B, [T(v2)]B . . . [T(vn)]B] , i.e. [T]B is the matrix that has the B-coordinate
representation of T(vj ) as its j-th column (1 j n). We call [T]B the matrix of T with respect to
the basis B.
1.6. Example: B = E, the standard basis. In this case [T]B = [Ae1, Ae2, . . . Aen], the “standard
matrix” for T. EIGENVALUES/EIGENVECTORS 3 1.7. Geometric examples in R 2 . In this
next group of examples, L is a line through the origin in the direction of a non-zero vector v R 2
, and w is a non-zero vector perpendicular to v. We take as our basis for R 2 , not the standard
one, but instead B = {v, w}.
(a) Suppose T : R 2 R 2 is the transformation of orthogonal projection onto L. Then T(v) = v and
T(w) = 0, so [T]B = [[T(v)]B, [T(w)]B] = [[v]B, [0]B] = .
Explain and discuss 4G wireless communications and their advantages..pdf
Explain and discuss 4G wireless communications and their advantages.
Solution
4G stands for fourth-generation wireless, it is the stage of broadband mobile communications
that will supercede the third generation 3G.
Explanation- Fourth generation wireless system is a packet switched wireless system with wide
area coverage and high throughput. It is designed to be cost effective and to provide high spectral
efficiency . The 4g wireless uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Ultra
Wide Radio Band (UWB),and Millimeter wireless. Data rate of 20mbps is employed. Mobile
speed will be up to 200km/hr.The high performance is achieved by the use of long term channel
prediction, in both time and frequency, scheduling among users and smart antennas combined
with adaptive modulation and power control. Frequency band is 2-8 GHz. it gives the ability for
world wide roaming to access cell anywhere.
This new generation of wireless is intended to complement and replace the 3G systems.
Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a seamless connection to a wide range of
information and services, and receiving a large volume of information, data, pictures, video, and
so on, are the keys of the 4G infrastructures. The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of
various networks using IP (Internet protocol) as a common protocol so that users are in control
because they will be able to choose every application and environment. Based on the developing
trends of mobile communication, 4G will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and
smoother and quicker handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude of
wireless systems and networks.
The key concept is integrating the 4G capabilities with all of the existing mobile technologies
through advanced technologies. Application adaptability and being highly dynamic are the main
features of 4G services of interest to users. These features mean services can be delivered and be
available to the personal preference of different users and support the users\' traffic, air
interfaces, radio environment, and quality of service.
Connection with the network applications can be transferred into various forms and levels
correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this pool of information will be the
mobile telephone, PDA, and laptop to seamlessly access the voice communication, high-speed
information services, and entertainment broadcast services.
The fourth generation will encompass all systems from various networks, public to private;
operator-driven broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc networks. The 4G systems
will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting
systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet.
This all-encompassing integrated perspective shows the broad range of systems that the fourth
generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude platform to cel.
Draw and describe a module of the cross-cultural communication pr.pdf
Draw and describe a module of the cross-cultural communication process, and provide an
hypothetical example from advertising or public relations(PR) to explain how such
communication may fail, improve and succeed
Draw and describe a module of the cross-cultural communication process, and provide an
hypothetical example from advertising or public relations(PR) to explain how such
communication may fail, improve and succeed
Solution
All communication is social - it draws on ways we have figured out how to talk and give
nonverbal messages. We don\'t generally impart a similar route from everyday, since factors like
setting, singular identity, and state of mind interface with the assortment of social impacts we
have disguised that impact our decisions. Communication is intuitive, so a vital impact on its
adequacy is our association with others. Do they hear and comprehend what we are endeavoring
to state? It is safe to say that they are listening admirably? Is it true that we are listening
admirably accordingly? Do their reactions demonstrate that they comprehend the words and the
implications behind the words we have picked? Is the state of mind positive and responsive? Is
there trust amongst them and us? Are there contrasts that identify with ineffectual
communication, unique objectives or interests, or on a very basic level diverse methods for
seeing the world? The responses to these inquiries will give us a few signs about the viability of
our communication and the straightforwardness with which we might have the capacity to travel
through clash.
The test is that even with all the cooperative attitude on the planet, miscommunication is
probably going to happen, particularly when there are critical social contrasts between
communicators. Miscommunication may prompt clash, or disturb struggle that as of now exists.
We make - whether it is obvious to us or not - very unique importance of the world, our places in
it, and our associations with others. In this module, culturally diverse communication will be
illustrated and exhibited by cases of thoughts, states of mind, and practices including four
factors:
• Time and Space
• Fate and Personal Responsibility
• Face and Face-Saving
• Nonverbal Communication
As our nature with these distinctive beginning stages builds, we are developing social familiarity
- consciousness of the ways societies work in communication and strife, and the capacity to react
successfully to these distinctions.
Time and Space
Time is a standout amongst the most focal contrasts that different societies and social methods
for getting things done. In the West, time has a tendency to be viewed as quantitative, estimated
in units that mirror the walk of advance. It is intelligent, successive, and exhibit engaged, moving
with incremental assurance toward a future the self image can\'t contact and a past that isn\'t a
piece of now. In the East, time feels like it has boundless coherence, a disentangling as opposed
to a strict limi.
Discuss the reasons why visions fail. What steps can be implemented .pdf
Discuss the reasons why visions fail. What steps can be implemented to help successfully
achieve a vision?
Solution
Vision is nothing but the summary of the organization\'s goals and objectives. Vision leads to
successful change in an organization. Vision helps in identifying whether the particular change is
appropriate for the organization or not.
It is the organizational declaration as to what the organization wants to achieve as their mid-term
or long-term goals. These are generally descriptive and inspirational to accomplish the goals.
Vision often fail because
The steps that can be implemented to help successfully achieve a vision are: -.
Describe the original purpose of the Clean Air Act Policy of 1963. E.pdf
Describe the original purpose of the Clean Air Act Policy of 1963. Explain what the
Amendments of 1970 and 1990 added to this policy. What were the benefits and disadvantages
of these amendments? Should the policy be amended again to reflect current environmental /
economic issues and technology innovations.
Solution
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
The Clean Air Act was major legislation passed to control air pollution in the United States. The
Act was passed in 1963, but important and major amendments were added to the original Act in
1970 and 1990. This Act implements a comprehensive program for reducing air pollution
focusing on the reduction of ambient (that which is present in the open air) and source specific
(that which can be traced to identifiable sources, such as factories and automobiles) air pollution.
It was a legislation that offered federal research aid, urged the development of state control
agencies, and involved the federal government in inter-state pollution issues. More amendments
were added to the Act in 1977.
They were concerned with states that were not achieving national objectives as to auto
emissions and measures to prevent air quality deterioration in areas where the air had previously
been clean. This was the federal government’s first active role in clean air policy. But it was the
Clean Air Act of 1970 that for the first time granted real power to the federal government instead
of the states.
AMENDMENT 1970
The 1970 Clean Air Act forms the basis of the U.S. air pollution control policy. It has four major
components:
i) it put into place National Ambient Air Quality Standards which are intended to protect human
health and environment (the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed these standards
and they targeted major polluting chemicals);
ii) EPA was to establish New Source Performance Standards to determine how much pollution
should be allowed by different industries in different regions;
iii) The Act specified standards for controlling auto emissions, aiming at reduction of various
gases by almost 90 percent; and
iv) the law encouraged states to develop plans to achieve these standards and required that those
state plans should be approved by EPA. Where any state chose not to form such a plan or did not
complete it by a specified date, the EPA can take over administration of the law for that state.
The 1970 Act required states to enforce the Cleanliness..
AMENDMENT 1990
The Clean Air Act was last amended in 1990. This amendment addressed environmental issues
like acid rain, toxic pollutants, areas still not at regulation standards, and ozone layer depletion.
Massive decreases in certain gas emissions were mandated to control acid rain; increased
regulation of toxic pollutants; deadlines for the noncompliant areas; and three major chemical
contributors to ozone layer depletion were phased out.
RESULT
A 2017 study found that the Clean Air Act of 1970 led to an over 10 percent reduction in
pollution (\"ambient TSP.
Continuity 100 Let f be a continuous function on a metric space X. L.pdf
Continuity 100 Let f be a continuous function on a metric space X. Let Z(f)(the zero set of f) be
the set of points EX f (a) -0. Prove that Z(f) s closed
Solution
PROOF :-
We know that f(Z(f)) = {0} because the set Z(f) is dened to be all the values for which f(x) = 0
and so the set {0} is closed. Since f is continuous we know that f-1({0}) is closed.
Therefore Z(f) is closed in X..
Admitting New Partner With Bonus Cody Jenkins and Lacey Tanner formed.pdf
Admitting New Partner With Bonus Cody Jenkins and Lacey Tanner formed a partnership to
provide landscaping services. Jenkins and Tanner shared profits and losses equally. After all the
tangible assets have been adjusted to current market prices, the capital accounts of Cody Jenkins
and Lacey Tanner have balances of $32,000 and $42,000, respectively. Valeria Solano has
expertise with using the computer to prepare landscape designs, cost estimates, and renderings.
Jenkins and Tanner deem these skills useful; thus, Solano is admitted to the partnership at a 30%
interest for a purchase price of $20,000. a. Determine the recipient and amount of the partner
bonus b. Provide the journal entry to admit Solano into the partnership. For a compound
transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank c. Why would a bonus be
paid in this situation? Apparently, Jenkins and Tanner value offered by Solano.
Solution.
7. In many respects metal binding is similar to the binding of a prot.pdf
7. In many respects metal binding is similar to the binding of a proton. For instance the N- atom
of thiocyanate can be protonated to produce (H-NCS). Similarly, protonation of the cyanide
anion (CN-) can be observed at the C-atom to produce H-CN. In apparent contrast to this
analogy, metal coordination to (NCS) can be observed at either N- or S- atoms (M-NCS and
NCS-M) whereas protonation only occurs at the N-atom. Provide an explanation for this
behavior. Similarly, why is the cyanide anion only capable of binding metals and protons at the
C-atom?
Solution
SCN- shares its negative charge approximately equally between sulfur and nitrogen (-S-CN or
S=C=N-). As a consequence, thiocyanate can bind either sulfur or nitrogen center. it is an
ambidentate ligand. [SCN] can also bridge two (MSCNM) or even three metals.
Carbon atom of CO has nonbonding (or weakly anti-bonding) sp-hybridized electron pair which
is make bond with metal. And also, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of CO
shows electron density more in carbon of CO. Due to this reason metal coordinate with C of CO.
Metal ......CO bonding explained in below.
Carbon monoxide binds to transition metals using \"synergistic * back-bonding.\" The bonding
has three components, giving rise to a partial triple bond (in CO). A coordination bond arises
from overlap of the nonbonding (or weakly anti-bonding) sp-hybridized electron pair on carbon
with a blend of d-, s-, and p-orbitals on the metal. A pair of bonds arises from overlap of filled
d-orbitals on the metal with a pair of -antibonding orbitals projecting from the carbon atom of the
CO, this back binding requires that the metal have d-electrons, and that the metal is in a
relatively low oxidation state (<+2) which makes the back donation process favorable.
3. Photosynthetic organisms produce about 300 x 1015 g of oxygen per .pdf
3. Photosynthetic organisms produce about 300 x 1015 g of oxygen per year (Holland 1995. If
this oxygen accumulated, the oxygen content of the atmosphere would double every 2000 years.
Why does this not happen? Is the global system regulated? If so, how is this regulation
accomplished?
Solution
Oxygen is considered as one of the most important gas in the atmosphere .it would have been
impossible to imagine life without this gas.
The contribution of oxygen to the atmosphere is mainly due to the photosynthetic activity of the
plants apart from this the splitting of the hydrogen atoms from water vapor in the atmosphere due
to photolysis also contributes to oxygen of the atmosphere to a negligible amount.the oxygen is
left behind and the hydrogen escapes.
The major contributor of atmospheric oxygen is the photosynthetic activity of the plants but this
does not accumulate in the atmosphere as most of it is immediately used up by the respiration
process. the maintenance of oxygen levels is one of the classic example of homeostasis . Of the
amount of oxygen produced though all of it is immediately used in the respiratory process The
net gain of oxygen comes from the burial of organic matter (plant and animal matter ) which
reacts with the reducing substances of the earth like iron and is locked as the solid oxides over
time. Eventually it would be all used up and equilibrium atmosphere would not contain more
oxygen.
The continuous photosynthesis and carbon burial keeps the level of oxygen as high as it is and
thus homeostasis is maintained ,Where plant photosynthesis acts as the the pump and the rate of
burial is equivqlent of the aperture between the reservoir halves..
1. Which is less soluble in water, 1-pentanol or 1-heptanol Explain..pdf
1. Which is less soluble in water, 1-pentanol or 1-heptanol? Explain. 2. Write an equation for the
reaction of methanol with sodium 3. Write an equation for the reaction of 2-butanol with the
Lucas reagent. 4. Describe the odor of the product derived from mixing isopentyl alcohol and
acetic acid, and write the equation for its formation
Solution
1) 1-heptanol is lest soluble in water.
Because solubility depend upon the type of bond present in the molecule.1- heptanol has loneger
non polar chain as compare to 1- heptanol. Hence its hydrophobic part make it less soluble in
water.Therefore from above conclusion we an say that 1- heptanol is less soluble in water as
comare to 1- pentanol..
X Company has the following budgeted cash flows for JanuaryIf the .pdf
X Company has the following budgeted cash flows for January
If the cash balance is $5,000 on January 1, what is the budgeted cash balance on January
31?Cash collections$45,000Cash PaymentsInventory17,000Operating Expenses13,000Capital
Expenditures18,000
Solution
SOLUTION
Budgeted cash balance on January 31 is $2,000ParticularsAmount ($)Cash balance as on Jan.
15,000Add: Cash collections45,000Total cash available50,000Less: Cash payments-
Inventory(17,000)Operating Expenses(13,000)Capital Expenditures(18,000)Cash balance on
January 312,000.
Which of the following information-management systems uses artificia.pdf
Which of the following information-management systems uses artificial intelligence?
A. Polyinstantiation
B. Known signature scanning
C. Application programming interface
D. Knowledge discovery in databases
Solution
D. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is an artificial intelligence method used to identify
useful patterns in data; as such, it provides a type of automatic analysis. Answer A is incorrect
because polyinstantiation is a technique used to prevent inference violations. Answer B is
incorrect because known signature scanning is a method used to detect computer viruses. Answer
C is incorrect because the application programming interface (API) is in no way associated with
artificial intelligence.
Which of the following was part of the reason for the European excha.pdf
Which of the following was part of the reason for the European exchange rate crisis of 1992?
Select one:
a. the need for the German mark to appreciate relative to other European currencies
b. the high interest rate in non-German countrie
c. the need to maintain a roughly fixed nominal exchange rate in the face of relatively high
inflation
d. the need for a smaller German budget deficit after German reunification
e. the need for the British pound to be tied to gold
Solution
The need for the German mark to appreciate relative to other European currencies due to high
interest rate in Germany was one of the reason for European echange rate. So option (a) is
correct..
Ture or false or uncertain ( explain why) Thank you! e. Output per c.pdf
Ture or false or uncertain ( explain why) Thank you! e. Output per capita in most countries in the
world is con- verging to the level of output per capita in the United States. f. Capital
accumulation does not affect the level of output g. The aggregate production function is a
relation among h. Because eventually we will know everything, technologi- in the long run. Only
technological progress does. output, labour, and capital. cal progress will end, and growth will
eventually end as well.
Solution
e. True. With the effect of globalization and global trade, countries are getting specialized in
goods which have comparative advantage. So, countries are improving efficiency so that they
can trade with other nations by gaining competitive advantage.
f. False. Both capital accumulation and technological progress have influence on output
g. True. The functional form, output = AF(K,L), A is used to denote changes in technology, F is
a functional form of capital and labor
h. False, changes in technology is a dynamic and variable component in long run and hence
growth will not end.
This is for a C programDene a Car structure type in your header le.pdf
This is for a C program
Dene a Car structure type in your header le. The Car structure should have three elds: a model (a
string of at most 100 characters), a year (an integer), and a daily rental rate (a oating point
number)
Solution
#include
#include
struct Car
{
char model[100];
int year;
float rent;
};
int main()
{
return 0;
}.
This project will implement a simple usernamepassword lookup system.pdf
This project will implement a simple username/password lookup system using hash tables. You
should create the Hash Table from scratch. It may be helpful to create a separate class called
HashEntry, in which you can store a String username and String password. The Hash Table will
store these entries using the username as the key and the password as the value.
Create a hash code using the key to determine where the value is stored in the Hash Table. Here
is a sample hash method. Feel free to borrow it for your program:
privateint calcHashCode(String key) {
int mod = key.hashCode() % size;
return mod < 0 ? mod + size : mod;
}
You will be provided with a data file containing comma separated usernames and passwords.
Read the data in from the file and put it into the table. Once the table is populated, ask the user to
log into the system. If their username and password match the data in the table, alert the user that
access has been granted:
Login: trevor
User trevor not found.
Login: mary
Password: test
Authentication Failure
Login: mary
Password: contrary
Authentication Successful
Welcome mary
Provided Data File (containing comma separated usernames and passwords):
jack,broken.crown
jill,tumblin\'down
mary,contrary
bopeep,sheep!lost
Solution
//main.cpp
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include \"HashTable.cpp\"
using namespace std;
/// the struct for the login and password
struct Account
{
/// variables
string login;
string password;
/// hash function
static unsigned int hash(const string& str)
{
unsigned int val = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
val += str[i];
}
return val;
}
/// get key function
string getKey() const
{
return login;
}
};
int main()
{
string loginI;
string passwordI;
string temp;
/// open file
ifstream fin (\"password.dat\");
fin.clear();
/// make new account to read into
Account acct;
/// make the hash table
HashTable data (8);
/// read in
while (fin.good())
{
fin >> acct.login >> acct.password;
//cout << acct.login << \" \" << acct.password << endl;
data.insert(acct);
//data.showStructure();
}
data.showStructure();
/// read in
cout << \"Login: \";
cin >> loginI;
do
{
cout << \"Password: \";
cin >> passwordI;
/// check for login
if (data.retrieve(loginI, acct))
{
/// check if passwords are the same
if ((acct.password == passwordI))
{
/// same password, print success
cout << \"Authentication successful\" << endl;
}
else
{
/// different password, print failure
cout << \"Authentication failure\" << endl;
}
}
else
{
/// if the data login is not saved print failure
cout << \"Authentication failure\" << endl;
}
cout << \"Login: \";
cin >> loginI;
}
while(!cin.eof());
return 0;
}
=====================================================================
=====
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include \"HashTable.h\"
#include \"show10.cpp\"
using namespace std;
template
HashTable::HashTable(int initTableSize)
{
/// save size
tableSize = initTableSize;
/// initialize the array
dataTable = new BSTree[tableSize];
}
t.
The following code is based on the Josephus problem, the code does c.pdf
The following code is based on the Josephus problem, the code does compile and gives me an
answer but it\'s not the right answer according to how the josephus problem works.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
class Node
{
public int iData;
public Node next;
public Node(int x) {
iData = x;
}
public void displayNode() {
System.out.print(iData + \" \");
}
}
class CircularList
{
private Node first;
private Node last;
private Node current;
private int count; // total items in the list
public CircularList getCurrent;
public CircularList() {
first = null;
last = null;
current = null;
count = 0;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return first == null;
}
public void step() {
current = current.next;
}
public Node getCurrent() {
return current;
}
public Node getFirst() {
return first;
}
public void insert(int x) {
Node newNode = new Node(x);
if (isEmpty()) {
first = newNode;
current = first;
} else {
current.next = newNode;
}
newNode.next = first;
last = newNode;
step();
count++;
}
public boolean search(int x) {
Node search = first;
int y = 0;
while (search.iData != x && y < count) {
search = search.next;
y++;
}
if (search.iData == x) {
System.out.println(\"Found the value: \" + search.iData);
return true;
} else {
System.out.println(\"Value not found in list\");
return false;
}
}
public void delete(int x) {
Node prev = first;
Node curr = first.next;
while (curr.iData != x) {
prev = curr;
curr = curr.next;
}
if (count == 1) {
first = null;
count--;
} else if (curr == first) {
prev.next = curr.next;
first = curr.next;
count--;
} else {
prev.next = curr.next;
count--;
}
}
public void displayList() {
int x = 0;
Node printer = first;
while (x < count) {
printer.displayNode();
printer = printer.next;
x++;
}
System.out.println(\"\");
}
}
class Josephus
{
private int numOfPeople; // number of people in a circle
private int countNum; // number used for counting off
private Node head;
private Node tail;
CircularList circle;
public Josephus() {
circle = new CircularList();
numOfPeople = 0;
countNum = 0;
}
public void setNumOfPeople(int x) {
numOfPeople = x;
}
public int getNumOfPeople() {
return numOfPeople;
}
public void setCountNum(int x) {
countNum = x;
}
public int getCountNum() {
return countNum;
}
public void addPeople() {
for (int i = 1; i < numOfPeople; i++) {
circle.insert(i);
}
}
public void move() {
for (int i = 0; i < countNum; i++) {
tail = head;
head = head.next;
}
System.out.println(\"KILLED : \" + head.iData);
}
public void execute() {
tail = null;
head = circle.getFirst();
while (numOfPeople != 2) {
move();
circle.delete(head.iData);
tail = tail.next;
head = head.next;
numOfPeople--;
display();
}
}
public void display() {
System.out.print(\"Alive: \");
circle.displayList();
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Josephus suicide = new Josephus();
suicide.setNumOfPeople(20);
suicide.addPeople();
suicid.
Tech transfers should the fed Gov’t keep subsidizing University .pdf
Tech transfers: should the fed Gov’t keep subsidizing University patents?
You’re the lead economic analyst for a multi agency federal task force assessing federal grants to
research universities that studies. Is subsidizing those types of studies with the hope that the
technology transfer creates economic growth the best use of taxpayer money? Use whatever info
or sources you can find to make the most socieconomically conscious argument for your position
and present it to the rest of the taskforce
Tech transfers: should the fed Gov’t keep subsidizing University patents?
You’re the lead economic analyst for a multi agency federal task force assessing federal grants to
research universities that studies. Is subsidizing those types of studies with the hope that the
technology transfer creates economic growth the best use of taxpayer money? Use whatever info
or sources you can find to make the most socieconomically conscious argument for your position
and present it to the rest of the taskforce
You’re the lead economic analyst for a multi agency federal task force assessing federal grants to
research universities that studies. Is subsidizing those types of studies with the hope that the
technology transfer creates economic growth the best use of taxpayer money? Use whatever info
or sources you can find to make the most socieconomically conscious argument for your position
and present it to the rest of the taskforce
Solution
Yes.
Money spent on education and educational research is never wasted. Government subsidizes
universities with the hope of generating economic growth. It is only because of these subsidies
that the prospective researchers and budding educationalists are motivated to go into research
and create something new.
In the absence of these subsidies, many students and researchers are demotivated because they
are unable to arrange for required funds for their research. As a result of this many researchers
leave their research in between, which is a big harm to the economy.
The government should never doubt money it has spent on education and research because even
if 1 out of 10 students are able to create something striking, its benefits will help reap the efforts
and money invested in no time..
Remaining Time 31 minutes, 22 seconds QUESTION 1 Question Completion.pdf
Remaining Time: 31 minutes, 22 seconds QUESTION 1 Question Completion Status
REQUIRED: 1 During 2018, Stephenson experienced the following transactions relating to its
investment in stock: 6/1 Stephenson purchased 700 shares of Dawe common share for $14,600
9/1 11/1 12/30 Dawe paid cash dividends, $1/share Stephenson sold 20% of the Dave shares for
$6,300 in total. Dawe paid cash dividends, $.50/share >>Present the journal entries for the
transaction on the books of Stephenson. REQUIRED: 2. Sherollyn Company invested in two
companies in 2020 These company are Bamco Company and KingFeco Industries, Inc. Facts
about both investments are as follows: FV/share at 12/31 Income of Investee %Holding 40%
7.5% #0f shares Held 30,000 15,000 Cost/share 511 $13 Investee $11.50 $14.75 $80,000
$122,000 Bamco KingFeco In addition, Bamco paid $60,000 in total cash dividends in 2020
KingFeco paid a $30,000 total cash dividend in 2020 >>Prepare ALL 2020 required journal
entries for both investments on the books of Sherrollyn Company REQUIRED: Juli e Company
pu chased bonds with a total face value $900,000 f om K pple Company on February 1 2018 at
100 quote The bonds are 9% 51,000 bonds 3. and pay interest every February 1 The bonds are a
trading security on Julie\'s books. On December 31, the bonds have a market value reflecting a
97 quote. >>Present ALL iournal entries related to the bond investment reauired by Jullie in
2018 December 31 is fiscal year en Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All
Answers to save all answers
Solution
SOLUTION
Question -1DateAccount titles and ExplanationDebit ($)Credit ($)6/1Investment in
Stock14,600Common shares14,600(To record purchase of shares)9/1Dividend (700 *
$1)700Cash700(To record payment of dividend)11/1Cash6,300Investment in shares6,300(To
record sales of Dawe shares)12/30Dividends280Cash (700 * 80% * $0.50)280(To record
payment of dividend).
QUESTION 9 Research on North American women serving as expatriates fo.pdf
QUESTION 9 Research on North American women serving as expatriates found that O They
had a very high success rate on foreign assignments They received less cross-cultural training
than did male expatriates 0 The proposition of corporate women serving on a foreign
assignments is currently about 30% O They are viewed primarily as female, not as foreigners or
organizational members, leading to greater prejudice in the host country O Prejudice in the
foreign host country was the primary barner for potential female expatriates QUESTION 10 Julie
has just given Mina a high profile, difficult project. She didn t give her a whole lot of guidance
about how to get the project done even though there s a decent risk of failure. This is Julie s
typical way of managing her employees, and her employees respond very well to it. In fact, Mina
is pretty pumped about this opportunity! Julie and Mina are most likely from what type of
culture? 0 High power distance High individualism High long-term orientation Low power
distance Low uncertainty avoidance
Solution
10)
High Individualism
Individualism is categorised as the opposite of collectivism, i.e., high individualism means low
collectivism. In individualism, people are expected to look after themselves and their closest
family members. The integration into groups in workplaces are low and are expected to work by
themselves and find results.
9)
They are viewed primarily as female, not as foreigners or organizational members, leading to
greater prejudice in the host country.
This actually depends on the country in which they are serConsideringiderig the Hofstede
cultural dimensions, different country have different notion towards females, however, most of
the countries have a higher rate of gender discrimination than in North Amerca. This suggests
towards the higher prejudice faced by the north American women serving as expatriates..
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