Within the presentaton 'Who's stopping the peak' i will discuss the ability and willingness of households to shift their electronic appliances towards other moments during the day when electricity prices are low. This concludes the findings of my master thesis which is found here: https://db.tt/gV6qpnob The introduction video can be found on youtube in high quality: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GECEpNg_aUk

1. Who’s stopping the peak
A presentation by Nick Hubbers

2. Video

4. But are consumers able and willing to do so..

5. The pilot

6. The technology

7. The touchscreen

8. Are
Consumers
WillingAble &
To shift electricity use with smart technology?

10. 79 Households
90% respons rate
49% Partners without children
21% Partners with children
18% 1 person
6% 1 person with children
LBO 3%
MAVO/MULO/ULO 3%
HAVO/VWO/MMS/HBS 7%
MBO 17%
HBO 49%
WO 19%
Minimum 9%
Below avarage 21%
Almost avarage 12%
Avarage 16%
1 -2 times avarage 24%
2 times avarage 14%
> 2 times avarage 5%
Control on electricity bill 4,2 / 5
Ecological motvation 3,7 / 5
Social motivation 3,0 / 5

11. Are
Consumers
WillingAble &
To shift electricity demand with smart technology?

12. Electricity consumption of the washing machine
De Almeida et al. 2006
1300 washing machines
Participant

13. Participant vs. Reference
26 Households
Identical homes
Daily electricity consumption

14. Measure ‘good moments’
0
0.5
1
12:00:00AM
12:30:00AM
1:00:00AM
1:30:00AM
2:00:00AM
2:30:00AM
3:00:00AM
3:30:00AM
4:00:00AM
4:30:00AM
5:00:00AM
5:30:00AM
6:00:00AM
6:30:00AM
7:00:00AM
7:30:00AM
8:00:00AM
8:30:00AM
9:00:00AM
9:30:00AM
10:00:00AM
10:30:00AM
11:00:00AM
11:30:00AM
12:00:00PM
12:30:00PM
1:00:00PM
1:30:00PM
2:00:00PM
2:30:00PM
3:00:00PM
3:30:00PM
4:00:00PM
4:30:00PM
5:00:00PM
5:30:00PM
6:00:00PM
6:30:00PM
7:00:00PM
7:30:00PM
8:00:00PM
8:30:00PM
9:00:00PM
9:30:00PM
10:00:00PM
10:30:00PM
11:00:00PM
11:30:00PM
Relative value

15. Performance electricity usage off-peak
0
0.5
1
12:00:00AM
12:30:00AM
1:00:00AM
1:30:00AM
2:00:00AM
2:30:00AM
3:00:00AM
3:30:00AM
4:00:00AM
4:30:00AM
5:00:00AM
5:30:00AM
6:00:00AM
6:30:00AM
7:00:00AM
7:30:00AM
8:00:00AM
8:30:00AM
9:00:00AM
9:30:00AM
10:00:00AM
10:30:00AM
11:00:00AM
11:30:00AM
12:00:00PM
12:30:00PM
1:00:00PM
1:30:00PM
2:00:00PM
2:30:00PM
3:00:00PM
3:30:00PM
4:00:00PM
4:30:00PM
5:00:00PM
5:30:00PM
6:00:00PM
6:30:00PM
7:00:00PM
7:30:00PM
8:00:00PM
8:30:00PM
9:00:00PM
9:30:00PM
10:00:00PM
10:30:00PM
11:00:00PM
11:30:00PM
71.73%
71.75%
71.08% - 72.38% (p<.05)
No significant difference

16. So...
Are they not able to use during off-peak moments?
Well.. Some of them are:

17. Difference in off-peak usage
between the households
63% - 79%
Who are they??

18. Are
Consumers
WillingAble &
To shift electricity demand with smart technology?

19. Are you willing / able to shift the:
1 2 3 4 5
Entertainment
Work-related appliances
Kitchen appliances
Housekeeping appliances
Charging of appliances
Tumble dryer
Dish washer
Washing machine
Intention Behaviour
1 2 3 4 5
Entertainment
Work-related appliances
Kitchen appliances
Housekeeping appliances
Charging of appliances
Tumble dryer
Dish washer
Washing machine
Intention
1 2 3 4 5
Other appliances
White good appliances
Intention Behaviour

20. Effect of demand shift by type
(Smart) White good
appliances
Off-peak electricity
usage
Other appliances
.29 p<.05
Not significant

21. Which of the households shift their white good
appliances??

22. Households who make use of the technology
Interaction
with the
screen
Auto
functionalities
Goal set
Profile
selection

23. Interaction with the touchscreen
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1/1/2013 2/1/2013 3/1/2013 4/1/2013 5/1/2013 6/1/2013
Gemiddeld aantal aanrakingen per huishouden

24. Households who make use of the technology
Interaction
with the
screen
Auto
functionalities
Goal set
Profile
selection

25. Auto functionality
Data from18-04-2013
03-05-2013 11-06-2013
01-07-2013
1265 Washes
84%
16%
Manueel Auto
Why do Why not
Financial benefits (10x) Dont want to give away control(8x)
Ecological benefits (2x) Times are not convienent (7x)
Easy to use (1) Technical issues (6x)
Wash stays to long in the machine (4x)
Does not know how it works (4)

26. Households who make use of the technology
Interaction
with the
screen
Auto
functionalities
Goal set
Profile
selection

27. Profile selection
15%
85%
Participants with Eco for at least 1 day
Particpants with Financial only
Why this profile?
Prefer financial benefits above ecological (32 times)
Too little sun hours in period (5 times)
Default setting not changed (4 times)
Not a considered choice (4 times)
Easier interpretation (4 times)

28. Households who make use of the technology
Interaction
with the
screen
Auto
functionalities
Goal set
Profile
selection

29. Goal set

30. Households who make use of the technology
Interaction
with the
screen
Auto
functionalities
Goal set
Profile
selection

31. Results
Interaction
with the
screen
Auto
functionality
Goal set
Profile
selection
Demand shift
white good
N.S.
N.S. N.S.
.37 p<.01

32. Which households set higher goals?
Set goalIntention
.42 p<.01Perceived
usefulness
.47
p<.01
Income
Family
compositionEducation
Not Significant
?
Which households perceive as more
useful?
1 2 3 4 5
Other appliances
White good appliances
Intention Behaviour

33. Results
Goal set
Demand shift
white good
.37 p<.01
EcoControlSocial
.32 p<.01

34. Which households want more control
Control
Income
Family
composition
Education
N.S.
N.S. N.S.
?

35. Results
Doel op de
HEMS
Verschuiving
van witgoed
.37 p<.01
control
.32 p<.01
Presence
.20 p<.05

36. Which households are more present
Income
Family
composition
-.49 p<.01 .41 p<.01
Presence
Incomes below avarage
Larger households

37. Results
Goal set
Shift of white
good
appliances
.37 p<.01
controle
.32 p<.01
Aanwezigheid
.20 p<.05
Income
Family
composition
-.49 p<.01 .41 p<.01

38. Conclusion
Demand shift
white good
appliances
Electricity use
off-peak
.29 p<.05
Goal set
Motivation to
control
Presence
Intention
.42
p<.01
Perceived
usefullness
.47 p<.01
?
?
Low income Larger families
.32 p<.01
.20 p<.05
.37 p<.01
-.49 p<.01 .41 p<.01

39. Zijn
Consumenten
In staat?Bereid &
Elektriciteitsvraag te verschuiven
m.b.v. slimme technologie?

40. Conclusions
• Only willing and able to shift white good appliances
• Shift of white good appliances limited effect on peak usage
• Households who do shift white good appliances:
o Have a higher motivation to control the electricity bill
o Have larger compositions
o Have low incomes
o Set a higher goal
o Have a higer perceived usefullness
• Technology usage not directly responsible for the shift
o Low amount of auto planning  lose of control
o Interaction with touchscreen no effect on shifted usage
• Learning effect??

41. Limitations
• We do not have pre-smart appliances data of the households
• Little variation in the auto function and profiles
• Only usage on off-peak moments, not electricity savings

42. • Is there a learning effect causing behavioural change?
• Reference data reliability improvement
• What happens if we add more smart appliances (dish washer / electric car)
o Effect on peak usage?
To be continued…
Charlotte Kobus
Innovator at Enexis
PhD researcher
at Delft University
Elke Klaassen
Innovator at Enexis
PhD researcher
at TU/e