White-tailed Deer, or Odocoileus virginianus, are common in Pennsylvania. Key terms include buck for male deer, doe for females, and fawn for spotted young deer. Deer prefer edge habitats near forests and farmland for cover and food. Chronic wasting disease is a neurological disease affecting deer, elk and moose. Pennsylvania confirmed its first case on a deer farm in 2012. Common signs are weight loss, increased drinking and urination, and abnormal behavior. There is no cure or vaccine for chronic wasting disease.
The document discusses the white-tailed deer. It describes the deer's habitat in North America, diet of various plants, and specialized digestive system. The deer have adapted coats and communicate through tail positioning. Observation near a military base found many deer grazing at dawn and dusk, with curious fawns.
This PowerPoint presentation describes the nesting and egg-laying behaviors of several common bird species in Washington, including the American Robin, Blue Jay, Crow, Dark-eyed Junco, Downy Woodpecker, Goldfinch, Mallard Duck, and Hummingbird. For each bird, details are provided about its nest location and the colors of its eggs. Additionally, audio recordings are included for listeners to identify the sounds of the Downy Woodpecker, Steller's Jay, American Robin, Hummingbird, Dark-eyed Junco, Crow, Mallard Duck, and Goldfinch.
Deer and elk populations have historically fluctuated in Oregon and Washington due to factors like overhunting and severe winters. These species prefer early seral forest habitat after disturbances for food and cover, though their dietary needs differ. Many other wildlife species also rely on early seral forests for various habitat structures and food sources. While deer and elk populations can indicate early seral forest quality, managing solely for these species would not meet all habitat needs for the diverse wildlife that depend on early seral forests.
The document provides information on bird species found in different regions of the United States, including their habitat, diet, and interesting facts. It describes the American goldfinch found in the Northeast, the golden eagle in the Midatlantic, and the bald eagle in the Southeast. It also provides details on birds such as the long-tailed duck, rock pigeon, and blue grouse found in other regions.
Fred Bassett and other volunteer researchers have challenged the idea that hummingbirds abandon the United States mainland each winter. Their research shows that some Western hummingbird species like Allen's and Black-chinned spend winters along the Gulf Coast. The presence of backyard feeders along the Gulf Coast provides critical food sources and allows more people to observe wintering hummingbirds. Some hummingbirds now return year after year to overwinter in the same areas.
The document discusses the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) including its habitat, diet, predators, reproduction rates, lifespan, role in food chains and webs, and how stream and soil quality can affect white-tailed deer populations. It provides data on ideal levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, potash, nitrates, phosphorus, and pH in water and soil that support white-tailed deer. Poor water or soil quality could negatively impact food sources and drive deer away or cause deaths.
Robins are small gray and orange birds that live in North America. They lay blue eggs with brown dots and feed on berries, worms, seeds, and insects. Robins migrate south for the winter to places like Texas and have feathers, lungs, and are warm-blooded.
The document discusses whether the environment in the northwest region of North America could support the existence of Bigfoot. It provides evidence that the habitat, climate, and available food sources in the region could allow Bigfoot to thrive and form a sustainable population, similar to grizzly bears. Specifically, it notes that the forests provide sufficient living space, the climate is tolerable year-round, and fish and plant resources could sustain a large creature like Bigfoot. The document concludes that while belief in Bigfoot may be controversial, the environmental factors do not contradict the possibility of its existence in this region.
The document discusses the white-tailed deer. It describes the deer's habitat in North America, diet of various plants, and specialized digestive system. The deer have adapted coats and communicate through tail positioning. Observation near a military base found many deer grazing at dawn and dusk, with curious fawns.
This PowerPoint presentation describes the nesting and egg-laying behaviors of several common bird species in Washington, including the American Robin, Blue Jay, Crow, Dark-eyed Junco, Downy Woodpecker, Goldfinch, Mallard Duck, and Hummingbird. For each bird, details are provided about its nest location and the colors of its eggs. Additionally, audio recordings are included for listeners to identify the sounds of the Downy Woodpecker, Steller's Jay, American Robin, Hummingbird, Dark-eyed Junco, Crow, Mallard Duck, and Goldfinch.
Deer and elk populations have historically fluctuated in Oregon and Washington due to factors like overhunting and severe winters. These species prefer early seral forest habitat after disturbances for food and cover, though their dietary needs differ. Many other wildlife species also rely on early seral forests for various habitat structures and food sources. While deer and elk populations can indicate early seral forest quality, managing solely for these species would not meet all habitat needs for the diverse wildlife that depend on early seral forests.
The document provides information on bird species found in different regions of the United States, including their habitat, diet, and interesting facts. It describes the American goldfinch found in the Northeast, the golden eagle in the Midatlantic, and the bald eagle in the Southeast. It also provides details on birds such as the long-tailed duck, rock pigeon, and blue grouse found in other regions.
Fred Bassett and other volunteer researchers have challenged the idea that hummingbirds abandon the United States mainland each winter. Their research shows that some Western hummingbird species like Allen's and Black-chinned spend winters along the Gulf Coast. The presence of backyard feeders along the Gulf Coast provides critical food sources and allows more people to observe wintering hummingbirds. Some hummingbirds now return year after year to overwinter in the same areas.
The document discusses the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) including its habitat, diet, predators, reproduction rates, lifespan, role in food chains and webs, and how stream and soil quality can affect white-tailed deer populations. It provides data on ideal levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, potash, nitrates, phosphorus, and pH in water and soil that support white-tailed deer. Poor water or soil quality could negatively impact food sources and drive deer away or cause deaths.
Robins are small gray and orange birds that live in North America. They lay blue eggs with brown dots and feed on berries, worms, seeds, and insects. Robins migrate south for the winter to places like Texas and have feathers, lungs, and are warm-blooded.
The document discusses whether the environment in the northwest region of North America could support the existence of Bigfoot. It provides evidence that the habitat, climate, and available food sources in the region could allow Bigfoot to thrive and form a sustainable population, similar to grizzly bears. Specifically, it notes that the forests provide sufficient living space, the climate is tolerable year-round, and fish and plant resources could sustain a large creature like Bigfoot. The document concludes that while belief in Bigfoot may be controversial, the environmental factors do not contradict the possibility of its existence in this region.
The document describes various bird species found in different regions of the United States. It provides information on the bird name, habitat, diet, and an interesting fact for each region. A total of 16 bird profiles are included covering major regions from the Northeast to the Southwest as well as some state specific regions in Maryland.
Jaguars live in forests in South America, Mexico, and Arizona, hunting alone. Their babies, called cubs, are born after 100 days of gestation and weigh 1-2 pounds at birth. As carnivores, jaguars only eat meat, preying on deer, birds, and other animals. Jaguars are the largest cat species found in the United States and typically hunt at night to use their adaptations for survival. Information about jaguars was gathered from World Book volume 2 on pages 21 and an Encyclopedia Britannica school website.
This document provides information about the black buck:
- Males mature from light yellowish fawn color to dark brown, and can be differentiated from females by the presence of long spiraling horns. Females are yellowish fawn with no horns.
- Black bucks live in herds separated by sex, with females and young living in herds of 10-30 and males claiming territories of 1.5-15 hectares.
- They are well adapted for running at speeds up to 80 kph and use acoustic communication like grunts and hisses, hierarchical social structures, and territorial markings to interact.
The Great Blue Heron is a large bird that lives near water along coastal areas. It has blue-gray feathers and long legs and neck that help it catch prey like fish, frogs, snakes and crayfish. Great Blue Herons build stick nests high in trees and live in colonies, laying 2-6 eggs per year. They can live up to 10 years and are not endangered.
The gray fox is a small mammal found throughout the United States. It has light gray coloring on its back and red fur on its sides, chest, and head. Gray foxes live in woodlands and brushy areas, where they can camouflage easily. They hunt small mammals like rabbits and eat grasshoppers. Gray fox populations are large but decreasing due to hunting, which kills around 3,500 foxes per year. Gray foxes mate in late winter and early spring, and mothers give birth to litters of 2-7 pups.
- Bigfoot is believed by some to exist in the Pacific Northwest region, but the ecosystem there could not reliably support the dietary needs of a large primate like Bigfoot. The food sources it would rely on are not consistently available year-round.
- Bigfoot's potential early ancestor, Gigantopithecus, went extinct due to climate change that made its habitat too cold and dry. As a descendant, Bigfoot would also have trouble surviving in a non-tropical climate.
- Gorillas typically live in social groups, but Bigfoot is only ever reported alone, which is an unusual behavior that makes its actual existence doubtful.
The document discusses the niche and habitat of bald eagles. Bald eagles prefer living near water bodies like seas, lakes, and rivers where they can hunt for fish and other animals. Their home ranges can vary significantly depending on food availability, but are usually between 1700 to 10,000 acres. Bald eagle populations were impacted by factors like habitat loss and degradation but have increased in recent years after protections.
The Peregrine Falcon is a medium-sized raptor with blue-gray wings, brown backs, and buff undersides with brown spots. They have a hooked beak and strong talons to catch prey such as songbirds, ducks, and bats in mid-air. Peregrine falcons mate for life and nest on cliff ledges or man-made structures, where the female lays 3-4 eggs which both parents incubate for around a month.
The document provides information on several owl species found in Pennsylvania, including the barred owl, great horned owl, eastern screech owl, long-eared owl, barn owl and short-eared owl. It describes their physical characteristics, habitat, hunting behaviors, calls and population declines due to loss of habitat from urban sprawl. Videos and images are included to illustrate owl hunting techniques and sounds.
The wildebeest is a large antelope that lives in herds on the open plains and savannah of Africa. They weigh up to 600 pounds for males and 20 pounds for females, and have dark horns and short necks. Wildebeest constantly graze on grass, seek shade, and migrate in huge herds during different seasons. There are several different races of wildebeest that exist.
The peregrine falcon is a medium-sized falcon found on every continent except Antarctica. They prefer open habitats near water and have adapted to urban environments. Peregrine falcons mainly eat other birds which they catch in fast aerial pursuits or dive bombs. They are capable of flying at over 200 miles per hour in dives. Peregrine falcon populations declined in the mid-20th century due to DDT poisoning but extensive conservation efforts have helped populations recover.
The badger is a 2 foot long mammal found in grassy plains across several central US states, known for its white, black, brown, or gray fur and sharp claws used for digging and defense. It lives in burrows but also hunts in the burrows of other animals like prairie dogs and gophers, eating a diet of small rodents. Badgers have litters of 3 to 5 young in late winter and the babies grow to adult size of 2 feet long.
The document describes various bird species found across different regions of the United States, providing information on each bird's name, habitat, diet, and an additional fact. Species mentioned include the American Robin, Brown Creeper, Red-bellied Woodpecker, Eastern Screech-Owl, Cooper's Hawk, Cedar Waxwing, Dickcissel, Blue Grosbeak, Bufflehead, American Coot, and American Crow. Information is provided on each bird's typical habitat, such as woodlands or urban areas, as well as their common diets consisting of insects, seeds, small animals, and more.
The document discusses whether North America's ecosystem could support Bigfoot. It finds that parts of North America, like the northern forests and mountainous regions, have an environment similar to those inhabited by Gigantopithecus, which was closely related to Bigfoot. The forests provide foods like fruits, grasses, and plants that would match Bigfoot's likely diet. Additionally, the large size of North America and presence of forests and rainforests means there is ample space and resources for Bigfoot to live undisturbed if it exists.
The Anasazi lived in the American Southwest, across four states, where summers reached 92 degrees and winters dropped to -2.5 degrees. They built cliffside homes that could house 2-3 families and farmed corn, squash, and beans while also hunting deer, sheep, and rabbits. For clothing and tools, they used turkey feathers and animal furs. They communicated through pictures and had religious beliefs centered around Manabozho Coyote.
The document describes key facts about elk including their physical appearance, habitat, living habits, birth, and some interesting facts. Elk are among the largest mammals in the world, standing over 4 feet tall with brown or tan fur. They live in grasslands across parts of North America and can be found in large herds. Elk calves are born with orange spots in the spring and face threats from predators and poisoned grasslands. Bull elk grow large antlers and shed coats and horns at different times of the year.
The document provides information on various bird species found across different regions of the United States, including their name, habitat, diet, and an additional fact. It includes regions such as the Northeast, Midatlantic, Southeast, Great Lakes, Midwest, Mountain, Pacific Coast, Southwest, Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland, Piedmont Plateau of Maryland, and Appalachian Mountain region of Maryland. For each region, one bird is described.
Second grade students read “A Walk in the Desert” by Caroline Arnold. This is a selection from the expository nonfiction genre. They used the Super 3 Research Model to locate, gather and use information about different animals of the desert to create a slide show.
This document discusses white-tailed deer, including terms used to describe deer of different ages and sexes. It provides information on various habitats where deer can be found in Pennsylvania, including farmland, forests, suburban areas, and cities. Details are given on chronic wasting disease, including the first confirmed case in Pennsylvania. Sighting reports from September and November are included, with notes on temperature and number of deer observed. Pictures taken by trail cameras are also referenced.
Christopher Gill argues that habitat decline, not overhunting or other factors, is the root cause of declining pronghorn populations. He asserts that removing livestock from rangelands has led to "over-rest" which is as harmful as overgrazing. Gill's ranch in West Texas has increased its pronghorn herd by employing holistic planned grazing with cattle, while surrounding herds declined 80%. He advocates restoring biodiversity by grazing domestic animals and wildlife together under attentive management, and calls for a congressional inquiry into current range management practices.
The document describes various bird species found in different regions of the United States. It provides information on the bird name, habitat, diet, and an interesting fact for each region. A total of 16 bird profiles are included covering major regions from the Northeast to the Southwest as well as some state specific regions in Maryland.
Jaguars live in forests in South America, Mexico, and Arizona, hunting alone. Their babies, called cubs, are born after 100 days of gestation and weigh 1-2 pounds at birth. As carnivores, jaguars only eat meat, preying on deer, birds, and other animals. Jaguars are the largest cat species found in the United States and typically hunt at night to use their adaptations for survival. Information about jaguars was gathered from World Book volume 2 on pages 21 and an Encyclopedia Britannica school website.
This document provides information about the black buck:
- Males mature from light yellowish fawn color to dark brown, and can be differentiated from females by the presence of long spiraling horns. Females are yellowish fawn with no horns.
- Black bucks live in herds separated by sex, with females and young living in herds of 10-30 and males claiming territories of 1.5-15 hectares.
- They are well adapted for running at speeds up to 80 kph and use acoustic communication like grunts and hisses, hierarchical social structures, and territorial markings to interact.
The Great Blue Heron is a large bird that lives near water along coastal areas. It has blue-gray feathers and long legs and neck that help it catch prey like fish, frogs, snakes and crayfish. Great Blue Herons build stick nests high in trees and live in colonies, laying 2-6 eggs per year. They can live up to 10 years and are not endangered.
The gray fox is a small mammal found throughout the United States. It has light gray coloring on its back and red fur on its sides, chest, and head. Gray foxes live in woodlands and brushy areas, where they can camouflage easily. They hunt small mammals like rabbits and eat grasshoppers. Gray fox populations are large but decreasing due to hunting, which kills around 3,500 foxes per year. Gray foxes mate in late winter and early spring, and mothers give birth to litters of 2-7 pups.
- Bigfoot is believed by some to exist in the Pacific Northwest region, but the ecosystem there could not reliably support the dietary needs of a large primate like Bigfoot. The food sources it would rely on are not consistently available year-round.
- Bigfoot's potential early ancestor, Gigantopithecus, went extinct due to climate change that made its habitat too cold and dry. As a descendant, Bigfoot would also have trouble surviving in a non-tropical climate.
- Gorillas typically live in social groups, but Bigfoot is only ever reported alone, which is an unusual behavior that makes its actual existence doubtful.
The document discusses the niche and habitat of bald eagles. Bald eagles prefer living near water bodies like seas, lakes, and rivers where they can hunt for fish and other animals. Their home ranges can vary significantly depending on food availability, but are usually between 1700 to 10,000 acres. Bald eagle populations were impacted by factors like habitat loss and degradation but have increased in recent years after protections.
The Peregrine Falcon is a medium-sized raptor with blue-gray wings, brown backs, and buff undersides with brown spots. They have a hooked beak and strong talons to catch prey such as songbirds, ducks, and bats in mid-air. Peregrine falcons mate for life and nest on cliff ledges or man-made structures, where the female lays 3-4 eggs which both parents incubate for around a month.
The document provides information on several owl species found in Pennsylvania, including the barred owl, great horned owl, eastern screech owl, long-eared owl, barn owl and short-eared owl. It describes their physical characteristics, habitat, hunting behaviors, calls and population declines due to loss of habitat from urban sprawl. Videos and images are included to illustrate owl hunting techniques and sounds.
The wildebeest is a large antelope that lives in herds on the open plains and savannah of Africa. They weigh up to 600 pounds for males and 20 pounds for females, and have dark horns and short necks. Wildebeest constantly graze on grass, seek shade, and migrate in huge herds during different seasons. There are several different races of wildebeest that exist.
The peregrine falcon is a medium-sized falcon found on every continent except Antarctica. They prefer open habitats near water and have adapted to urban environments. Peregrine falcons mainly eat other birds which they catch in fast aerial pursuits or dive bombs. They are capable of flying at over 200 miles per hour in dives. Peregrine falcon populations declined in the mid-20th century due to DDT poisoning but extensive conservation efforts have helped populations recover.
The badger is a 2 foot long mammal found in grassy plains across several central US states, known for its white, black, brown, or gray fur and sharp claws used for digging and defense. It lives in burrows but also hunts in the burrows of other animals like prairie dogs and gophers, eating a diet of small rodents. Badgers have litters of 3 to 5 young in late winter and the babies grow to adult size of 2 feet long.
The document describes various bird species found across different regions of the United States, providing information on each bird's name, habitat, diet, and an additional fact. Species mentioned include the American Robin, Brown Creeper, Red-bellied Woodpecker, Eastern Screech-Owl, Cooper's Hawk, Cedar Waxwing, Dickcissel, Blue Grosbeak, Bufflehead, American Coot, and American Crow. Information is provided on each bird's typical habitat, such as woodlands or urban areas, as well as their common diets consisting of insects, seeds, small animals, and more.
The document discusses whether North America's ecosystem could support Bigfoot. It finds that parts of North America, like the northern forests and mountainous regions, have an environment similar to those inhabited by Gigantopithecus, which was closely related to Bigfoot. The forests provide foods like fruits, grasses, and plants that would match Bigfoot's likely diet. Additionally, the large size of North America and presence of forests and rainforests means there is ample space and resources for Bigfoot to live undisturbed if it exists.
The Anasazi lived in the American Southwest, across four states, where summers reached 92 degrees and winters dropped to -2.5 degrees. They built cliffside homes that could house 2-3 families and farmed corn, squash, and beans while also hunting deer, sheep, and rabbits. For clothing and tools, they used turkey feathers and animal furs. They communicated through pictures and had religious beliefs centered around Manabozho Coyote.
The document describes key facts about elk including their physical appearance, habitat, living habits, birth, and some interesting facts. Elk are among the largest mammals in the world, standing over 4 feet tall with brown or tan fur. They live in grasslands across parts of North America and can be found in large herds. Elk calves are born with orange spots in the spring and face threats from predators and poisoned grasslands. Bull elk grow large antlers and shed coats and horns at different times of the year.
The document provides information on various bird species found across different regions of the United States, including their name, habitat, diet, and an additional fact. It includes regions such as the Northeast, Midatlantic, Southeast, Great Lakes, Midwest, Mountain, Pacific Coast, Southwest, Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland, Piedmont Plateau of Maryland, and Appalachian Mountain region of Maryland. For each region, one bird is described.
Second grade students read “A Walk in the Desert” by Caroline Arnold. This is a selection from the expository nonfiction genre. They used the Super 3 Research Model to locate, gather and use information about different animals of the desert to create a slide show.
This document discusses white-tailed deer, including terms used to describe deer of different ages and sexes. It provides information on various habitats where deer can be found in Pennsylvania, including farmland, forests, suburban areas, and cities. Details are given on chronic wasting disease, including the first confirmed case in Pennsylvania. Sighting reports from September and November are included, with notes on temperature and number of deer observed. Pictures taken by trail cameras are also referenced.
Christopher Gill argues that habitat decline, not overhunting or other factors, is the root cause of declining pronghorn populations. He asserts that removing livestock from rangelands has led to "over-rest" which is as harmful as overgrazing. Gill's ranch in West Texas has increased its pronghorn herd by employing holistic planned grazing with cattle, while surrounding herds declined 80%. He advocates restoring biodiversity by grazing domestic animals and wildlife together under attentive management, and calls for a congressional inquiry into current range management practices.
Grizzly bears live in dense forests and meadows. They eat fish, berries, grass, and will also hunt small animals. Grizzly bears are very large, with adults weighing between 300-850 pounds. Females give birth to 1-3 cubs and keep them dependent for 2-4 years. Grizzly bears hibernate in dens during winter and will aggressively defend their territory and cubs.
The document discusses the habitat, diet, reproduction, predators, and role in the food chain of the eastern gray squirrel. It provides details on the squirrel's preferred woodland habitat and diet consisting of nuts from various tree species as well as other foods. Squirrels typically mate in spring and fall and have 2-4 young per litter. Their predators include birds of prey, foxes, and weasels. Squirrels occupy the role of primary consumer in the food chain.
This article discusses an observed increase in the local skunk population. A wildlife biologist notes that skunk populations tend to fluctuate naturally. While skunks are commonly seen in rural and residential areas, their numbers are higher in the spring breeding season and fall, when young skunks disperse on their own. The biologist says people don't need to be concerned about skunks unless they have rabies. Tips are provided on non-harmful ways to discourage skunks from burrowing near homes, such as using ammonia to repel them. The population increase is considered temporary and will naturally decline through disease and overpopulation as skunks have few natural predators.
The document discusses the gray fox, including its habitat preferences, diet, predators, and life cycle. It provides information on factors that affect the birth and death rates of gray foxes, including their mating season, typical litter sizes, and main causes of death. It also describes population sampling techniques used to estimate gray fox populations and analyzes data on stream quality, water testing, and soil testing in relation to gray fox habitat.
Many animals such as chipmunks, squirrels, groundhogs, raccoons, and skunks prepare for winter hibernation by eating more food in fall. Some plants like sweet goldenrod, periwinkle, and indian blanket can survive the first frost. Certain trees like eastern hemlock, colorado blue spruce, and balsam fir trees do not lose their leaves in winter.
- Feral hogs in Georgia carry diseases like swine brucellosis and pseudorabies that can infect both domestic animals and humans. Hunters and those handling feral hogs should take precautions like wearing gloves and thoroughly cooking meat to prevent transmission.
- Feral hogs cause extensive damage by competing with native wildlife for food and habitat, destroying agricultural crops, and in some cases preying on livestock. Their rooting and wallowing can eliminate rare plant and animal species.
- Effective control methods include shooting, live trapping, and hunting with dogs. Fencing may help protect specific areas but does not eliminate hog populations. The goal on public lands is reduction or elimination of hogs to
Center for Biological Diversity - Newsletter Fall 2010CPartipilo
The document summarizes the Center for Biological Diversity's work to protect and restore wolf populations in North America. It discusses how wolves once occupied a much larger range but were driven to near extinction, and how protections under the Endangered Species Act have allowed populations to increase again. However, wolves still occupy a small fraction of their historic range. The Center recently filed a petition calling for a national recovery plan to reestablish wolf populations across more of their suitable habitat. While wolves have seen some successes, political interference continues to threaten wolf protections and populations still face numerous risks. The Center will continue its legal and advocacy work on behalf of wolves.
This presentation was given by Marshall Jones of the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute with slides from the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. It was given at the Piedmont Environmental Council's Thumb Run Habitat Project Open House in Orlean, Fauquier County, VA on November 13, 2013. For more information about the project, visit www.pecva.org/habitat
The document discusses wild boars and their history and impact. It notes that boars were introduced as livestock in California in the 1700s and 1920s from Europe and have since become an invasive species. They have spread to 39 US states, damaging crops and spreading disease. The document outlines how boars negatively impact agriculture but are still a natural part of the ecosystem. It also mentions the risk boars can pose to humans and pets if felt threatened.
The document provides information about the wildlife, plants, climate, landforms, and history of indigenous peoples in the St. Lawrence Lowlands region. It lists various mammal, bird, insect, and reptile species found there. It also describes the mixed forest and broad-leaf forest habitats. Additionally, it suggests how the first peoples may have lived in the area, hunting animals and growing some crops with access to lakes and rivers for water and stone for tools.
Black bears are common in Oregon forests. They are opportunistic omnivores that eat a variety of plants and animals. Human-bear conflicts often arise when bears have access to human food sources like garbage. To prevent conflicts, people should securely store attractants and not feed bears. Wildlife managers may use hazing or removal to deter bears from areas of human activity. Maintaining clean campsites and not feeding bears helps keep both bears and people safe.
- White-tailed Kite populations in Goleta saw a large increase in 2012, with 18 nests successful due to favorable conditions for the small mammals they prey on.
- Monitoring of the Kite populations through the Kite Watch program documented both nesting and roosting sites in the area.
- Some Kites nested in neighborhoods this year, making the young more vulnerable to threats from crows and human disturbances like tree trimming.
- An updated version of Paul Lehman's 1994 book "Birds of Santa Barbara County" is now available online, incorporating new information and species observed in the 18 years since its original publication.
The document discusses the niche and habitat of woodchucks. Woodchucks live in burrows, eat plants and some small animals, and have predators such as foxes. Their breeding season is in early spring and they give birth to litters of 2-7 pups. Factors that affect woodchuck populations include predation, parasites, and habitat loss. The document also examines the stream and soil conditions near woodchuck habitats.
1. The document provides information about various mammals found in Southern California, including their characteristics, behaviors, habitats, and potential encounters with humans.
2. It describes different species of seals, deer, bears, mountain lions, bats, small rodents, and other local wildlife, as well as advice for interacting with some of these animals.
3. The document also addresses threats facing certain mammals, such as the dangers of sonar for whales and rodenticides for animals that ingest them.
The document describes 5 different biomes that the author observed during a photo essay project: 1) valley grasslands near Sanger at 500 feet in elevation, 2) riparian biome at the Kings River at 350 feet, 3) foothill woodlands along Highway 180 at 2500 feet, 4) chaparral biome also along Highway 180 at 2500 feet, and 5) mixed conifer forest at 4000 feet along Highway 180 toward Kings Canyon National Park. Each biome is characterized by its elevation, climate, plant and animal species present. The author took photographs of various plants and one animal representative of each biome.
This document provides information about snakes in 3 paragraphs:
1) It describes the basic anatomy of snakes, noting their elongated bodies, single lung, ability to swallow prey whole, and lack of certain organs like ears and movable eyelids.
2) It explains how non-venomous snakes kill prey through constriction, wrapping their body around the prey and suffocating it. Venomous snakes inject venom from fangs to kill prey from a distance.
3) It describes how snakes use their bifurcated tongue and Jacobson's organ to detect smells and tastes to locate prey or avoid predators, even in darkness. The document outlines the different modes of locomotion in snakes.
2. Whitetail deer terms
Buck-Male deer
Spike buck-two single horns and only a main beam that
doesn’t split
Button buck- yearling with no horns
Doe- female deer
Fawn- Deer with spots acting as camouflage breakup
Scrape- scratching on the ground to attract breeding
females; In my experience close to scrape is usually a
rub or a snapped twig
Rub- territorial marking of a tree and also to remove
velvet
11. Facts
White-tailed deer grow up to 6ft to 7.75ft tall
Lifespan of a captive deer 6 to 14 years
Average lifespan of wild deer in Pennsylvania -3 ½ for a
buck yet they are scarce in heavily hunted areas and
doe is older
Deer like a varying diet that is why they are called
browsers
12. Habitat of Pennsylvania
Farmland Forests
Large quantity of varying Most Favored habitat of a
food sources deer
Edge habitat Diet of acorns and wild
plants
15. Suburban City’s
Land Broken up by small
parks and recreational areas
Little to no cover to offer for
Variety of flowering plants
deer
and trees for food source
Low food
Offer a lot of protection from
hunting which is why larger Undesirable area for deer
bucks are found here but not
much area for hiding
18. CWD info and articles
What is chronic wasting disease? It is a transmissible spongiform
encephalopathy acts similar to Mad Cow Disease
First found in Mule Deer over 30 years ago
Disease believed to have evolved from Scrapie which is found in sheep
Clinical Features:
• Adults: 17 months to >15 years
• Most 3-5 years
• Sex: males, females
• No strict seasonality
• Clinical duration:
• days to >1year, usually months
• Incubation period: min: ~17 months, max: unknown
Signs are excessive drinking, urination, drooling, and salvation
In postmortem examinations usually finds aspiration pneumonia
20. Pa. confirms 1st case of fatal deer disease
The Associated Press
Updated: 10/11/2012 09:47:30 PM EDT
HARRISBURG, Pa.—The state's first case of chronic wasting disease has been found at a central
Pennsylvania deer farm, and agriculture officials said Thursday they are working to prevent the fatal
illness from spreading among animals.
Officials have quarantined the property in New Oxford, Adams County, where a captive white-tailed
deer tested positive for the neurological disease. Farms in Williamsport, Lycoming County, and
Dover, York County, are also quarantined due to direct links to the infected deer. The animal died last
month, and its owner submitted the carcass for testing as part of Pennsylvania's monitoring program
for the illness, state veterinarian Craig Shultz told the Evening Sun of Hanover. Pennsylvania is the
23rd state to have a confirmed case of chronic wasting disease, which is deadly to deer, elk and
moose, and can be spread among animals through bodily fluids. There is no evidence the infection can
be transmitted to humans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The sickness
has not been found in the state's wild deer population, said Pennsylvania Game Commission Executive
Director Carl G. Roe. "Concerns over (chronic wasting disease) should not prevent anyone from
enjoying deer hunting and consuming meat from healthy animals." Roe said in a statement. Still, Roe
said that hunters should shoot only healthy-looking animals, and take precautions like wearing rubber
gloves when field-dressing their deer and washing thoroughly when finished. Symptoms of chronic
wasting disease include weight loss, excessive salivation, increased drinking and urination, and
abnormal behavior like stumbling, trembling and depression. There is no cure or vaccine. Public
education and outreach efforts are being coordinated by a state task force that includes
representatives of the departments of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Health, as well as the
Pennsylvania Game Commission and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. "Pennsylvania has an
aggressive chronic wasting disease surveillance program and a strong response plan," state Agriculture
Secretary George Greig said in a statement. Chronic wasting disease was first discovered in Colorado
captive mule deer in 1967. Pennsylvania has conducted monitoring for the illness since 1998.
Online:
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture: http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us
21.
22.
23.
24. Sightings September
September 7th, 2012 Temperature 50s clear and sunny
Location: Behind house from climbing tree stand about
30ft up. Time 6:30-7:30; 5 doe –one was yearling with
spots
September 14th, 2012 Temp. 50-60s clear and sunny
Location: Behind house spooked as entering woods at
6:15 it was 4 doe; after that I went off to the barn to sit
at the brush edge and saw 2 yearlings and 2 doe enter
the field just before dark
25. November Sightings
November 6th, 2012 Temp. 20 time 7:15 out of area
on Snyder lane farm; 1 doe
Nov. 7th, 2012 time 6:15 Location: corn field parallel to
blueberry farm 4 doe along road eating corn
Nov. 10th, 2012 temp. 50 PGC sent out CWD letter; 3 doe
at 6:15; 11 deer at 10:15; 3 more at 11:00
Nov. 11th, 2012 clear sky temp. 39 3
doe at 5:15; 8 doe at 6:00 and 1 buck
Nov 13th, 2012 clear sky temp 39
3 doe at 5:15 8 doe at 6:00 1 Buck not sure of size
Nov 22nd, 2012 overcast sky with moon 14 deer total at
about 5:00
Nov 23rd, 2012 cloudy sky 1 doe and one 6-12 pt. buck
at 9:30 spotting