Using hands-free cell phones while driving can still be risky behavior according to this document. While hands-free devices eliminate the manual distraction of holding a phone, they do not address the core cognitive distraction of focusing attention on a phone conversation instead of the road. Numerous studies have shown that any type of phone conversation in the car can impair driving performance by taking attention away from visual scanning and other important driving tasks. The document advocates for education and policies to address all distracted driving, not just handheld phone use, in order to improve traffic safety.
Developing Staff Competencies in Emerging TechnologiesDouglas Joubert
The document describes the development of a staff training program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Library called RATECH (Research Assistant Technology Challenge) to improve staff competencies with emerging technologies like mobile devices, social media, and Web 2.0 tools. The library conducted a needs assessment, developed a curriculum and timeline, implemented training modules, and evaluated the program's effectiveness through surveys and discussions. Key lessons learned included the importance of planning, making training relevant, and addressing varying levels of engagement among staff.
Ajay Kolhatkar, PhD Future Web Research Lab, SETLabs presents on the importance of making the web more accessible for the physically challenged. This was presented at the 1st International Conference on Services in Emerging Markets held at ISB, Hyderabad on the 23rd & 24th of September, 2010. Infosys was also a gold sponsor for the event.
UNICEF Digital Citizenship and Safety- Indonesia presentationAkshay Sinha
This document summarizes information about digital citizenship and safety in Indonesia. It provides an overview of Indonesia's population and economy. It then discusses characteristics of internet usage in Indonesia, including its growth, mobile usage, and digital divide. The document outlines common online activities of Indonesians like social networking, blogging, and streaming. It also examines safety risks such as piracy, sexual content, child exploitation, and terrorism online. The document concludes with recommendations for improving digital safety in Indonesia.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of the Global Libraries - Bulgaria program on modernizing Bulgarian libraries. The study found the program helped increase access to technology and improved digital skills, particularly benefiting vulnerable groups. The report recommends Bulgarian libraries continue developing innovative ICT services and partnering with local communities to promote social inclusion.
State Departments of Transportation: Social Media Usage in a BroadviewLloyd Brown
Understanding social media, first understand Internet usage. More and more, people access the Internet wirelessly through mobile devices. State DOTs are not only using social media, but changing how they use social media. Regardless, outreach plans still must have solid messaging, accountability and transparency.
UNICEF Digital Citizenship and Safety- South Africa presentationAkshay Sinha
The document summarizes the results of a survey about the digital behavior of South African adolescents. It includes sections on the methodology, respondent demographics, digital behaviors, and conclusions. The methodology section describes a sample size of 25,876 respondents who answered open and closed-ended questions. The demographics section shows that respondents were mostly female, living in urban areas, and enrolled in secondary education. Regarding behaviors, most used MXit for chatting, a small percentage experienced cyberbullying, many talked to strangers online, and frequented chatrooms about relationships and music. In conclusions, the report identifies trends in risky online behaviors among adolescents.
UNICEF Digital Citizenship and Safety- Russia presentationAkshay Sinha
This document discusses digital citizenship and safety issues for youth in Russia. It provides an overview of characteristics of Russia and its internet infrastructure known as the RuNet. It then examines Russian youth's digital access and activities, behavioral trends online, and key safety risks. The document concludes with recommendations to address safety concerns for Russian youth on the internet.
1. The document discusses scenarios of experiential interactive communication through digital arts and cultures. It covers trends in technology, examples, and long-term scenarios.
2. Key technological trends discussed include improvements in interactive surfaces, wireless infrastructure, miniaturized computing, sensors and actuators. Long-term scenarios explore concepts like the semantic web, evolution toolkit, networked and hybrid organisms, and linking minds through cybernetics.
3. Weak signals and pattern management are presented as ways to anticipate the future and create new innovations by breaking down mental models. The document provides an overview of experiential communication through emerging digital technologies.
Developing Staff Competencies in Emerging TechnologiesDouglas Joubert
The document describes the development of a staff training program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Library called RATECH (Research Assistant Technology Challenge) to improve staff competencies with emerging technologies like mobile devices, social media, and Web 2.0 tools. The library conducted a needs assessment, developed a curriculum and timeline, implemented training modules, and evaluated the program's effectiveness through surveys and discussions. Key lessons learned included the importance of planning, making training relevant, and addressing varying levels of engagement among staff.
Ajay Kolhatkar, PhD Future Web Research Lab, SETLabs presents on the importance of making the web more accessible for the physically challenged. This was presented at the 1st International Conference on Services in Emerging Markets held at ISB, Hyderabad on the 23rd & 24th of September, 2010. Infosys was also a gold sponsor for the event.
UNICEF Digital Citizenship and Safety- Indonesia presentationAkshay Sinha
This document summarizes information about digital citizenship and safety in Indonesia. It provides an overview of Indonesia's population and economy. It then discusses characteristics of internet usage in Indonesia, including its growth, mobile usage, and digital divide. The document outlines common online activities of Indonesians like social networking, blogging, and streaming. It also examines safety risks such as piracy, sexual content, child exploitation, and terrorism online. The document concludes with recommendations for improving digital safety in Indonesia.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of the Global Libraries - Bulgaria program on modernizing Bulgarian libraries. The study found the program helped increase access to technology and improved digital skills, particularly benefiting vulnerable groups. The report recommends Bulgarian libraries continue developing innovative ICT services and partnering with local communities to promote social inclusion.
State Departments of Transportation: Social Media Usage in a BroadviewLloyd Brown
Understanding social media, first understand Internet usage. More and more, people access the Internet wirelessly through mobile devices. State DOTs are not only using social media, but changing how they use social media. Regardless, outreach plans still must have solid messaging, accountability and transparency.
UNICEF Digital Citizenship and Safety- South Africa presentationAkshay Sinha
The document summarizes the results of a survey about the digital behavior of South African adolescents. It includes sections on the methodology, respondent demographics, digital behaviors, and conclusions. The methodology section describes a sample size of 25,876 respondents who answered open and closed-ended questions. The demographics section shows that respondents were mostly female, living in urban areas, and enrolled in secondary education. Regarding behaviors, most used MXit for chatting, a small percentage experienced cyberbullying, many talked to strangers online, and frequented chatrooms about relationships and music. In conclusions, the report identifies trends in risky online behaviors among adolescents.
UNICEF Digital Citizenship and Safety- Russia presentationAkshay Sinha
This document discusses digital citizenship and safety issues for youth in Russia. It provides an overview of characteristics of Russia and its internet infrastructure known as the RuNet. It then examines Russian youth's digital access and activities, behavioral trends online, and key safety risks. The document concludes with recommendations to address safety concerns for Russian youth on the internet.
1. The document discusses scenarios of experiential interactive communication through digital arts and cultures. It covers trends in technology, examples, and long-term scenarios.
2. Key technological trends discussed include improvements in interactive surfaces, wireless infrastructure, miniaturized computing, sensors and actuators. Long-term scenarios explore concepts like the semantic web, evolution toolkit, networked and hybrid organisms, and linking minds through cybernetics.
3. Weak signals and pattern management are presented as ways to anticipate the future and create new innovations by breaking down mental models. The document provides an overview of experiential communication through emerging digital technologies.
Over the last years, how to deal with big data continue being a problem to solve for the biggest companies such as Google, Facebook, Twitter...
They have to look for the specific information, photos... And you want this as soon as possible.
Every second the information storage is increasing faster than you can imagine, so some part of the future is here and we have to address this problem.
The document discusses the dangers of using a cell phone while driving. It notes that cell phone use reduces drivers' attention and concentration levels, which increases the risk of accidents. Studies show drivers who use cell phones have slower reaction times and are four times more likely to crash than non-distracted drivers. The impairment level is equivalent to driving drunk. The document also compares cell phone use to other distractions like smoking, eating, and radio use, but finds cell phone use poses a greater risk to safety due to the cognitive demand of holding conversations.
Distracted driving in Finland. Presentation. The European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) and Liikenneturva (the Finnish Road Safety Council) held a conference on distracted driving on 7 October 2014.
This document summarizes a content marketing solution called Community Sherpa for the apartment industry. It discusses setting up a blog, social media pages, and connecting them to automatically share content. It also covers creating and sharing frequent unique content, using call tracking and analytics to measure results. Customers would receive content creation and social media management services to attract traffic, customers, and leads in a turnkey system.
This document provides an overview of Apache Solr, an open source search platform based on Lucene. It discusses how Solr works, including indexing documents, defining schemas, querying the index via HTTP requests, and returning results in XML or JSON format. The document also provides examples of queries, updating the index, and customizing the analyzer for Thai language support.
Big Data Analysis Patterns with Hadoop, Mahout and Solrboorad
Big Data Analysis Patterns: Tying real world use cases to strategies for analysis using big data technologies and tools.
Big data is ushering in a new era for analytics with large scale data and relatively simple algorithms driving results rather than relying on complex models that use sample data. When you are ready to extract benefits from your data, how do you decide what approach, what algorithm, what tool to use? The answer is simpler than you think.
This session tackles big data analysis with a practical description of strategies for several classes of application types, identified concretely with use cases. Topics include new approaches to search and recommendation using scalable technologies such as Hadoop, Mahout, Storm, Solr, & Titan.
This document provides an overview of big data. It defines big data as large volumes of diverse data that are growing rapidly and require new techniques to capture, store, distribute, manage, and analyze. The key characteristics of big data are volume, velocity, and variety. Common sources of big data include sensors, mobile devices, social media, and business transactions. Tools like Hadoop and MapReduce are used to store and process big data across distributed systems. Applications of big data include smarter healthcare, traffic control, and personalized marketing. The future of big data is promising with the market expected to grow substantially in the coming years.
Driving while using hands-free cell phones is still risky behavior according to this document. While hands-free devices allow drivers to keep their hands on the wheel, they do not eliminate the cognitive distraction of talking on the phone. The brain can only focus on one complex task at a time, so talking on the phone, even hands-free, diverts attention away from the primary task of driving. Studies show hands-free drivers have a narrowed visual scope and miss more objects in their peripheral vision compared to non-distracted drivers. National safety organizations recommend widespread education and legislation to curb cell phone use while driving in order to help reduce the over 1.6 million crashes caused by distracted driving each year.
This document discusses the risks of driving while using hands-free cell phones. It notes that driver distractions are the leading cause of crashes resulting in fatalities and injuries. Using a cell phone while driving, even hands-free, can impair a driver's performance by distracting their visual attention, cognitive focus, and auditory awareness from the task of driving. The brain has difficulty effectively multitasking between driving and holding phone conversations. Studies show cell phone use behind the wheel can reduce brain activity in areas important for safe driving and delay reaction times as much as having a blood alcohol content of 0.08%. The document reviews litigation against companies for employee crashes caused by cell phone use and recommends education, bans, legislation and technology to
This document summarizes a presentation on mobile applications and trends. It discusses growth in smartphone usage and mobile internet data. Key trends include the ubiquity of mobile devices, increasing capabilities of mobile platforms, and the convergence of these capabilities. Technical considerations for developing mobile apps include supporting multiple platforms, speed optimization, and touch interfaces. Frameworks can help but design expertise is still important. The organization discussed had success with an initial mobile app but downloads dropped off without ongoing promotion. Setting clear goals and aligning mobile strategies with broader organizational goals are important lessons learned.
This document discusses hand-free driving and the Automotive Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS) project. ACAS used radar sensing to prevent collisions, video imaging to track the vehicle's path, and DGPS for location. It integrated Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) technologies. FCW warned of impending collisions while ACC automatically maintained a time gap behind slower vehicles. The system used a forward vision sensor for lane tracking, video camera for road/lane detection, radar sensor for object detection, DGPS and road map database for positioning, and a processor to fuse the data and control brakes/throttle for collision avoidance. The goal was to allow safer driving by reducing distractions and preventing
This document provides an agenda for an event on harnessing digital technology for better mental health. The event will include presentations on using digital technology in mental health, the role of technology in youth services, delivering best practices in e-mental health, the policy context and future of e-mental health, and psychological therapies in the digital world. There will also be exhibitions, workshops, and a question time debate. The goal is to discuss how digital tools can help improve mental health services and outcomes.
Media, data, context... and the Holy Grail of User Taste PredictionXavier Amatriain
Users provide noisy and inconsistent feedback when rating items for recommender systems. This natural noise introduces a "magic barrier" that limits prediction accuracy. Researchers analyzed user ratings across multiple trials and found that inconsistencies depend on factors like the strength of the rating, whether it was positive or negative, and how items were presented. The noise in user data introduces an inherent limit on how well recommender systems can predict user preferences.
The document discusses the dangers of distracted driving, particularly from cell phone use. It notes that 11% of drivers talk on their phone at any given time, and that cell phone distractions contribute to thousands of traffic deaths and injuries each year. Teen drivers are especially distracted by devices like phones, followed by adjusting controls and personal grooming. The document encourages pulling over to use a phone safely and putting it in the trunk to avoid temptation. It suggests taking a pledge to drive cell free.
The document discusses trends in social media usage and adoption by state departments of transportation (DOTs). It notes that internet access is increasingly mobile, with many Americans accessing the internet primarily through smartphones and tablets. Most commonly used social media tools by DOTs include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn. Challenges for DOTs in using social media include limited staff and resources to manage multiple platforms, as well as ensuring engagement and establishing an online brand. The document advocates having a clear social media plan and goals, and emphasizes that building an online community takes time.
Seven Master of Arts students from Constance at the University of Applied Sciences Communication Design faculty will be working on design research concerning multi-touch interfaces summer term 2008. Faces and history.
Over the last years, how to deal with big data continue being a problem to solve for the biggest companies such as Google, Facebook, Twitter...
They have to look for the specific information, photos... And you want this as soon as possible.
Every second the information storage is increasing faster than you can imagine, so some part of the future is here and we have to address this problem.
The document discusses the dangers of using a cell phone while driving. It notes that cell phone use reduces drivers' attention and concentration levels, which increases the risk of accidents. Studies show drivers who use cell phones have slower reaction times and are four times more likely to crash than non-distracted drivers. The impairment level is equivalent to driving drunk. The document also compares cell phone use to other distractions like smoking, eating, and radio use, but finds cell phone use poses a greater risk to safety due to the cognitive demand of holding conversations.
Distracted driving in Finland. Presentation. The European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) and Liikenneturva (the Finnish Road Safety Council) held a conference on distracted driving on 7 October 2014.
This document summarizes a content marketing solution called Community Sherpa for the apartment industry. It discusses setting up a blog, social media pages, and connecting them to automatically share content. It also covers creating and sharing frequent unique content, using call tracking and analytics to measure results. Customers would receive content creation and social media management services to attract traffic, customers, and leads in a turnkey system.
This document provides an overview of Apache Solr, an open source search platform based on Lucene. It discusses how Solr works, including indexing documents, defining schemas, querying the index via HTTP requests, and returning results in XML or JSON format. The document also provides examples of queries, updating the index, and customizing the analyzer for Thai language support.
Big Data Analysis Patterns with Hadoop, Mahout and Solrboorad
Big Data Analysis Patterns: Tying real world use cases to strategies for analysis using big data technologies and tools.
Big data is ushering in a new era for analytics with large scale data and relatively simple algorithms driving results rather than relying on complex models that use sample data. When you are ready to extract benefits from your data, how do you decide what approach, what algorithm, what tool to use? The answer is simpler than you think.
This session tackles big data analysis with a practical description of strategies for several classes of application types, identified concretely with use cases. Topics include new approaches to search and recommendation using scalable technologies such as Hadoop, Mahout, Storm, Solr, & Titan.
This document provides an overview of big data. It defines big data as large volumes of diverse data that are growing rapidly and require new techniques to capture, store, distribute, manage, and analyze. The key characteristics of big data are volume, velocity, and variety. Common sources of big data include sensors, mobile devices, social media, and business transactions. Tools like Hadoop and MapReduce are used to store and process big data across distributed systems. Applications of big data include smarter healthcare, traffic control, and personalized marketing. The future of big data is promising with the market expected to grow substantially in the coming years.
Driving while using hands-free cell phones is still risky behavior according to this document. While hands-free devices allow drivers to keep their hands on the wheel, they do not eliminate the cognitive distraction of talking on the phone. The brain can only focus on one complex task at a time, so talking on the phone, even hands-free, diverts attention away from the primary task of driving. Studies show hands-free drivers have a narrowed visual scope and miss more objects in their peripheral vision compared to non-distracted drivers. National safety organizations recommend widespread education and legislation to curb cell phone use while driving in order to help reduce the over 1.6 million crashes caused by distracted driving each year.
This document discusses the risks of driving while using hands-free cell phones. It notes that driver distractions are the leading cause of crashes resulting in fatalities and injuries. Using a cell phone while driving, even hands-free, can impair a driver's performance by distracting their visual attention, cognitive focus, and auditory awareness from the task of driving. The brain has difficulty effectively multitasking between driving and holding phone conversations. Studies show cell phone use behind the wheel can reduce brain activity in areas important for safe driving and delay reaction times as much as having a blood alcohol content of 0.08%. The document reviews litigation against companies for employee crashes caused by cell phone use and recommends education, bans, legislation and technology to
This document summarizes a presentation on mobile applications and trends. It discusses growth in smartphone usage and mobile internet data. Key trends include the ubiquity of mobile devices, increasing capabilities of mobile platforms, and the convergence of these capabilities. Technical considerations for developing mobile apps include supporting multiple platforms, speed optimization, and touch interfaces. Frameworks can help but design expertise is still important. The organization discussed had success with an initial mobile app but downloads dropped off without ongoing promotion. Setting clear goals and aligning mobile strategies with broader organizational goals are important lessons learned.
This document discusses hand-free driving and the Automotive Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS) project. ACAS used radar sensing to prevent collisions, video imaging to track the vehicle's path, and DGPS for location. It integrated Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) technologies. FCW warned of impending collisions while ACC automatically maintained a time gap behind slower vehicles. The system used a forward vision sensor for lane tracking, video camera for road/lane detection, radar sensor for object detection, DGPS and road map database for positioning, and a processor to fuse the data and control brakes/throttle for collision avoidance. The goal was to allow safer driving by reducing distractions and preventing
This document provides an agenda for an event on harnessing digital technology for better mental health. The event will include presentations on using digital technology in mental health, the role of technology in youth services, delivering best practices in e-mental health, the policy context and future of e-mental health, and psychological therapies in the digital world. There will also be exhibitions, workshops, and a question time debate. The goal is to discuss how digital tools can help improve mental health services and outcomes.
Media, data, context... and the Holy Grail of User Taste PredictionXavier Amatriain
Users provide noisy and inconsistent feedback when rating items for recommender systems. This natural noise introduces a "magic barrier" that limits prediction accuracy. Researchers analyzed user ratings across multiple trials and found that inconsistencies depend on factors like the strength of the rating, whether it was positive or negative, and how items were presented. The noise in user data introduces an inherent limit on how well recommender systems can predict user preferences.
The document discusses the dangers of distracted driving, particularly from cell phone use. It notes that 11% of drivers talk on their phone at any given time, and that cell phone distractions contribute to thousands of traffic deaths and injuries each year. Teen drivers are especially distracted by devices like phones, followed by adjusting controls and personal grooming. The document encourages pulling over to use a phone safely and putting it in the trunk to avoid temptation. It suggests taking a pledge to drive cell free.
The document discusses trends in social media usage and adoption by state departments of transportation (DOTs). It notes that internet access is increasingly mobile, with many Americans accessing the internet primarily through smartphones and tablets. Most commonly used social media tools by DOTs include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn. Challenges for DOTs in using social media include limited staff and resources to manage multiple platforms, as well as ensuring engagement and establishing an online brand. The document advocates having a clear social media plan and goals, and emphasizes that building an online community takes time.
Seven Master of Arts students from Constance at the University of Applied Sciences Communication Design faculty will be working on design research concerning multi-touch interfaces summer term 2008. Faces and history.
The document discusses how mindsets must change to embrace new technologies and exponential trends. It notes how past experts dismissed innovations like the telephone, television, and nuclear energy as impossible or having no value. The document then outlines several exponential trends, including Moore's law of computing power doubling every year while costs halve, and faster connectivity through fiber optics. It argues that school administrators must prepare students for a future with ubiquitous technology and information by becoming technology savvy leaders committed to change.
The document discusses the social and economic implications of mobile phone use in Rwanda. It describes how the digital divide in Rwanda has led to innovative uses of mobile phones, such as "beeping" which allows people to feel connected through different types of missed calls and call-backs. The document also notes that while smartphone ownership is increasing, smartphones are not fully exploited in Rwanda due to a lack of location-based services and app development.
This document discusses the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on various aspects of modern life. It addresses what ICTs and the information society are, how ICTs impact daily life both positively and negatively, how organizations use ICTs, the importance of digital literacy, issues around information veracity and the deterioration of some human skills with technology advancement. The document also discusses how technology and human development have evolved over time.
The Web of Radios - Introducing African Community Radio as an interface to th...Julia Quezado
The document discusses the challenges of developing semantic web technologies in African contexts. Key challenges include lack of infrastructure like electricity, internet access, and smartphones; high costs; low literacy levels; many local languages; and lack of local ICT experts. It notes the importance of knowledge being locally relevant and produced, and addresses sustainability concerns over who will develop and maintain voice and data services long term.
The document discusses what computer scientists do and why, providing examples of computer scientists solving various problems through technology solutions. Some problems discussed include providing internet access to rural villages through wireless networks, using computer programs to analyze brain scans to detect illnesses, testing cars to ensure their computer systems are safe, and designing realistic video games that use full body movement as controls. The document aims to show computer science can be used to solve both important problems and smaller personal problems.
This document summarizes a presentation about designing effective mobile user experiences. It discusses understanding the context and needs of users, who are humans holding mobile devices in various situations rather than just interacting with the devices. Case studies demonstrate mapping user journeys and designing interfaces based on familiar concepts and behaviors ("memes") that have spread widely. Testing mobile designs with real users on actual devices is emphasized over desktop simulations, as mobile users appreciate experimenting with interfaces. The overall message is that good mobile design prioritizes the human experience over the technical capabilities of devices.
1. Why driving while using hands-free
cell phones is risky behavior
National Safety Council
White Paper ®
2. Motor Vehicle Crashes
• No. 1 cause of death
• An estimated 39,000 to 46,000 people
killed in crashes every year
Distractions
now join
• More than 2.2 million injuries from alcohol and
crashes in 2008 speeding as
leading factors
in fatal and
serious injury
crashes.
nsc.org
3. Distracted Driving
• Driver distractions leading factor in fatal
and serious injury crashes
• In 2008, 28% of all crashes attributable
to cell phones
– 1.6 million crashes
– 645,000 injuries
• Cell phone users 4x as likely to crash
nsc.org
4. Millions of People are
Talking While Driving
• 11% of drivers at any point during
the day are on cell phones
• 81% of drivers admit to talking on
cell phone while driving:
– 74% of Boomers
– 88% of Gen X
– 89% of Gen Y
– 62% of Teen Drivers
nsc.org
5. Millions of People are
Texting While Driving
• 18% of drivers admit to texting
while driving:
– 4% of Boomers
– 15% of Gen X
– 39% of Gen Y
– 36% of Teen Drivers
nsc.org
6. Driving Culture Change
“A century ago, Model T’s brought motoring
to an emerging middle class.
A half century ago, teenagers cuddled in
convertibles at drive-in movies.
A new generation of drivers see cars as an
extension of their plugged-in lives, with iPods,
DVD players and other gadgets.”
USA Today, 2-17-2009
nsc.org
7. Driving Culture Change
• Webster’s Dictionary named “distracted driving”
its 2009 Word of the Year
• In 2009:
– More than 200 state bills introduced
– U.S. DOT Distracted Driving Summit held
– President Obama signed Executive Order
– NSC membership survey
– Favorable public opinion polls
nsc.org
8. How Cell Phones Distract
• Visual – Eyes off road
• Mechanical – Hands off wheel
• Cognitive – Mind off driving
CHALLENGE: Drivers don’t
understand or realize that talking on
a cell phone distracts the brain and
takes focus away from the primary
task of driving.
nsc.org
9. The Problem
• Hands-free seen as solution and
mistakenly believed to be safer
than handheld
• People recognize the risk of talking
on handheld and texting more than
the risk of hands-free
Hands-free
• Most legislation focuses on only devices offer
handheld devices or texting no safety
benefit
• All state laws and some employer when driving.
policies allow hands-free devices
nsc.org
10. What is a Hands-Free Device?
• Headset that communicates via wire or
wireless connection to cell phone
• Factory-installed or aftermarket feature
built into vehicle (voice recognition)
nsc.org
11. Cognitive Distraction
• Cognitive distraction still exists with hands-free
– Talking occurs on both handheld and
hands-free cell phones
– Mind focuses on conversation
– Listen and respond to disembodied voice
Hands-free
devices do not
eliminate
cognitive
distraction.
nsc.org
12. Multitasking: A Brain Drain
• Multitasking for the brain
is a myth
• Human brains do not perform
two tasks at same time
– Brain handles tasks
sequentially
– Brain switches between
one task and another
The four lobes of the brain.
Source: National Institutes of Health
nsc.org
13. Multitasking: A Brain Drain
Brain engages in a constant process to:
1. Select information brain will attend to
2. Process information
3. Encode to create memory
4. Store information
It must also:
5. Retrieve
6. Execute or act on information
When brain is overloaded these steps are affected
nsc.org
14. Multitasking: A Brain Drain
Encoding Stage
• Brain filters information due to overload
• Drivers not aware of information filtered out
• Information does not get into memory
• Drivers miss critical information on potential hazards
Inattention blindness and encoding.
nsc.org
Source: National Safety Council
15. Multitasking: A Brain Drain
• Brain juggles tasks, focus and attention
• Brain switches between primary and secondary tasks
• Inattention blindness
– When people do 2 cognitively complex tasks
(driving and using a cell phone), causing brain to
shift focus
• Bottleneck
– Different regions of brain must pull from a shared
and limited resource for unrelated tasks
nsc.org
16. Inattention Blindness
• A type of cognitive distraction
– “looking” but not “seeing”
• Hands-free drivers less likely to see:
– High and low relevant objects
– Visual cues
– Exits, red lights and stop signs
– Navigational signage
– Content of objects
nsc.org
17. Inattention Blindness
A narrowed scope
Where drivers not using a Where drivers using a
hands-free cell phone looked. hands-free cell phone looked.
Source: Transport Canada
nsc.org
18. Multitasking:
Impairs Performance
• Carnegie Mellon University Study (2008)
• Took fMRI pictures of brain while drivers
listened to sentences and drove simulator
• Literally see the results…
nsc.org
19. Driving alone Driving with sentence listening
L R L R
Functional magnetic resonance imaging images.
Source: Carnegie Mellon University
nsc.org
20. Multitasking:
Impairs Performance
• Just listening to sentences on cell phones
decreased activity by 37% in the brain’s parietal
lobe which perceives movement, integrates
sensory information and also has importance for
language processing
• Listening and language comprehension drew
cognitive resources away from driving
• Also decreased activity in brain’s occipital lobe
which processes visual information
nsc.org
21. Multitasking:
Impairs Performance
• We can walk and chew gum safely because
it is not a cognitively-demanding task
• But even cell phone-using pedestrians act unsafely.
They are less likely to:
– Look for traffic before stepping into street
– Look at traffic while crossing street
– Notice unusual objects placed along path
nsc.org
22. Multitasking:
Impairs Performance
• Driving involves a more complex set of tasks
than walking:
– Visual
– Manual
– Cognitive
– Auditory
• A driver’s job is to watch for hazards, but this
cannot be done when brain is overloaded
nsc.org
23. Cell Phone: Driver Risks
• Inattention blindness
• Slower reaction/response times
• Problems staying in lane
nsc.org
24. Passenger Conversations
• Adult passengers share awareness of driving
situation, a safety benefit
• Front seat passengers reduce risk of crashing
by 38% compared to cell phone conversations
• Adults with passengers have lower crash
rates than adults without passengers
– Not true for novice teen drivers
nsc.org
27. More than 1.6 million crashes are
caused by cell phone use and texting
while driving each year.
nsc.org
28. Joe, 12 Bailey, Merideth, Cady, 16 Erica, 9 Jean and Jay, 58
Hannah, Sara and Katie
Countless lives
have been lost as a result.
Linda, 61 Jason, 38 Lauren, 17 Matt, 25 Frances, 13 Jordan, 18
nsc.org
29. Help us save lives.
Tell everyone you know.
On the Road, Off the Phone
nsc.org