Which, of the below choices of inference rules, is used to show that from the hypotheses “Every kid in school learns arithmetic” and “Antonio is a kid in school”, we can conclude that Antonio learns arithmetic? Explain... Modus Tollens Modus Ponens Hypothetical Syllogism Universal Instantiation Solution Universal Instantiation Reason: Universal instantiation is a valid rule of inference from a truth about each member of a class of individuals to the truth about a particular individual of that class. Example: No humans can fly. John Doe is human. Therefore John Doe can not fly.