Which is NOT true about alleles- Ans A- Alleles differ from each other.docx

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Which is NOT true about alleles? Ans A. Alleles differ from each other by one or only a few bases B. New alleles are formed by mutation C. Facial characteristics and certain behaviors are in part determined by alleles D. Alleles are generally found on different chromosomes What does sporadic cause of a disease mean? (choose the best answer) Ans A. We don't understand its origin B. There is probably a genetic mutation that occurred in the patient even though there is no family history C. The disease was caused by non-genetic processes D. It is a disease that only occurs in plant seeds Which of the following statements is NOT correct Ans A. Every cell in the human body contains DNA B. Genetics should be viewed as a probability C. Non-coding RNA transcribed from DNA have important roles in regulating the expression of genes D. Each of us carries 15-20 lethal mutations 6. What percent of genes in Humans encode proteins? Ans A. 22 , 000 1 2% of the DNA B. 22 , 000 10 20% of the DNA C. 11 , 000 1 2% of the DNA D. 11 , 000 10 20% of the DNA 7. A gene family is a group of genes that share important characteristics. In many cases, genes in a family share a similar sequence of DNA building blocks (nucleotides). The largest gene family encodes for: A. Longevity genes Ans B. Immunoglobulins C. Blood types (Rh, A,B, and O) D. Intelligence genes 8. Bacteria may be used to synthesize certain drugs and food additives because: Ans A. they are identical to human cells. B. scientists can transform them into human cells. C. their genetic codes are similar to humans. .

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1. The case of albinism among the Hopi Indians of Black Mesa is different from other cases of albinism because of all of the following EXCEPT: A. the incidence is much higher among the Hopis. B. the albinism seems to have provided a reproductive advantage. C. the albinism seems to have conferred social advantages. D. the albinism did not involve vision defects. E. Actually, all of the above are accurate. 2. Genetics has NOT played a key role in which of the following areas? A. agriculture B. medicine C. pharmaceutical production D. urban design and layout E. Actually, it has played a key role in all of these areas. 3. Genetic variation in populations: A. demonstrates descent from a common ancestor. B. provides the basis of adaptation. C. explains the use of similar genetic systems in all organisms. D. is a consequence of origin of species. E. All of the above. 4. Genetics as a discipline can be subdivided into all of the following EXCEPT: A. transmission genetics. B. acquisition genetics. C. molecular genetics. D. population genetics. E. Actually, all of these are found in the discipline. 5. While modern genetics starts with the experiments of Gregor Mendel in 1866, it wasn\'t until the start of the 20th century that those studies became well known, in several areas, NOT including: A. Sutton, who proposed that genes were on chromosomes. B. Morgan, who identified fruit fly mutations. C. Haldane and others who used populations to connect genetics to evolution. D. Watson and Crick\'s determination of the structure of DNA. E. Actually, Mendel\'s work was critical in each of these areas. 6. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in that: A. prokaryotes have a nucleus. B. they decode DNA to different amino acids. C. prokaryotes tend to be larger. D. prokaryotes tend to be less complex. E. None of the above. 7. Genes: A. are carried on chromosomes. B. come in pairs in eukaryotic cells. C. come in alternative forms, known as alleles. D. are encoded by DNA. E. All of the above. 8. Phenotypes are: A. measurable traits of an organism. B. not inherited directly. C. not changeable during the life of an organism. D. A and B. E. All of the above. 9. Evolution: A. is genetic change. B. starts with variation. C. does not require change of DNA. D. A and B. E. All of the above. 10. The flow of information is as follows: A. protein to DNA to RNA. B. protein to RNA to DNA. C. DNA to RNA to protein. D. RNA to protein to DNA. E. None of the above. 11. Mutations are changes of DNA: A. that can affect a single gene. B. that can affect large regions of chromosomes. C. that can be passed on to daughter cells. D. that can change amino acid sequences. E. All of the above. Solution 1). C. the albinism seems to have conferred social advantages. 2). D. urban design and layout 3). D. is a consequence of origin of species. 4). B. acquisition genetics. 5). C. Haldane and others who used populations to connect genetics to evolution. 6). E. None of the above. 7). A. are carried on ch.

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Question 1 Random changes in gene frequency that occur in small populations describes the concept of A. convergent evolution. B. adaptive radiation. C. sympatric speciation. D. genetic drift. E. parapatric speciation. 5 points Question 2 On a molecular level, all organisms A. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, but use different genetic codes. B. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, but different amino acids in proteins. C. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, and use the same genetic code. D. show no similarities. E. use different means of storing genetic information. 5 points Question 3 Which of the following is the best description of an adaptation? A. a trait that will be beneficial in the future B. a trait that was beneficial to survival in the past C. an environmental change that selects for certain traits D. a trait that is of no advantage to survival E. a trait that is currently beneficial to survival 5 points Question 4 Which of the following statements about natural selection is true? A. All individuals within a population have an equal likelihood of survival. Survival is based on chance. B. Natural selection results in those individuals within a population who are best-adapted surviving and producing more offspring. C. Natural selection leads to extinction. D. Natural selection causes variations to arise within a population. E. Natural selection leads to increased likelihood of survival for certain individuals based on variation. The variation must come from outside the population. 5 points Question 5 Embryonic development includes all of the following except A. cleavage. B. growth. C. organogenesis. D. gastrulation. E. fertilization. 5 points Question 6 Vestigial organs A. include the human appendix and wisdom teeth and a snake’s hipbones. B. did not have a function when they first developed, but do so today. C. are not found in present-day organisms. D. are similar in many organisms. E. must have evolved individually in different organisms. 5 points Question 7 Most mutations lead to a decreased chance of survival for the mutant organism. Rarely, a mutation can provide an increased chance of survival. These rare mutations provide a(n) _____________________ for the mutant. A. directional shift B. selective disadvantage C. adaptive D. selective advantage E. environmental susceptibility 5 points Question 8 Which of the following is not true of the punctuated equilibrium theory? A. It suggests that most species undergo little phenotypic change during most of their evolutionary duration. B. It proposes that most evolutionary change is concentrated in relatively brief episodes of change. C. It was inspired in part by patterns observed in the fossil record. D. It appears to be well supported by the fossil record. E. It suggests that subgroups diverge and evolve at about equal and constant rates. 5 poin ...

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processes or cel germ line\' leading to gametes. A B 5. Natural selection operates on individuals either favorable or not, but it is the population that evolves over time. A B 6. Natural selection can occur in a population with or without variation in heritable traits. A B 7. Nuclear DNA is found in the nucleus of cells and in mitochondria. A (B 8. A nucleotide is a DNA unit made of one sugar molecule, one phosphate group and one nitrogen base. A B 9. Humans can synthesize all naturally occurring amino acids necessary for their body to function. A B 10. The genetic code is universal in all vertebrates in which the same DNA triplets specify the same amino acids. A B 11. Homeobox genes are an evolutionarily ancient, critically important type of regulatory genes. A B 12. Gregor Mendel discovered that traits are inherited as discrete units\' later termed genes\' A B 13. The relationship between dominant and recessive alleles in simple Mendelian traits at the phenotype level is always about 4:1, i e. dominant to recessive expression. A B 14. A genetic bottleneck describes a situation when a large population is reduced to few breeding members resulting in reduced genetic diversity. Solution 5. True. It is the population that evolves and not its individual members. 6. False. Variation is necessary for evolution to occur. 7. False. Nuclear DNA is found in nucleus only. Mitochondria has organellar DNA. 8. True. Nucleotide is formed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate group. 9. False. Their are amino acids called as essential amino acids which cannot be formed by body. They must be taken through diet. 10. True. Genetic code is universal meaning same triplet codon codes for same amino acid in all organisms. 11. 12. True. Gregor Mendel discovered heridity units and named them as factors which later became known as genes. 13. False. The ratio is 3:1. 13.

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