mod

1. Molecular
Diagnostics
BY VANESSA TJIJENDA

3. What do you know from CMB?
a) Components of the cell
b) Structure of nucleic acids
c) The cell cycle
d) DNA replication, repair and recombination
e) Transcription, gene expression and translation

4. REFLECTIVE SUMMARY
1. DNA contains _________________________
2. The building blocks for DNA and RNA is _______________.
3. What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
4. What is the bond between two nucleotides?
5. What is the bond between two bases?
6. What is the function of a primer?
7. What is the function of DNA Polymerase

5. Reflective summary (1)
1. Define the terminologies
2. Arrange from largest to smallest

6. LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC
DEPARTMENTS
Clinical chemistry
Immunology
Haematology/Blood transfusions
Microbiology
Anatomical Pathology
Molecular diagnostics

7. Role of Molecular Diagnostic?
In vitro detection of DNA, RNA and Proteins. The study of NA
sequences. ? Diagnose, prognosis, monitoring of therapy..
Early detection and measurement of the presence of genetic material
or proteins as a marker specific for a health condition or disease

8. CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY
Transfer of genetic information

9. HOW HAS MD REVOLUTIONAZE
DIAGNOSTICS?
1. HAEMATOLOGY?
2. MICROBIOLOGY?
3. VIROLOGY?
4. FORENSICS?

10. HAEMATOLOGY
https://www.google.com.na/search?q=sickle+cell+gene+mutation&bih
_
https://www.google.com.na/search?q=sickle+cell+&tbm=is
ch&ved=2ahUKEwjNq
Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11.
Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal
hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels

11. Microbiology
https://www.slideshare.net/drrohitvikas/diagnosis-of-tuberculosis-42969468

12. Virology

13. Forensics

14. GENETICALLY MODIFIED
ORGANIMS (GMOs)
Humans have used selective breeding techniques to
artificially alter the genomes of plants and animals for
thousands of years.
However, today's biochemists use modern genetic
manipulation techniques to quickly and efficiently modify
the DNA in plants to create genetically modified organisms
(GMOs).
Farmers, plant these genetically modified seeds to grow
crops that produce more edible plant material, grow well
drought conditions, resist diseases, and repel destructive
insects.
There is a grave risk that scientists could inadvertently
create damaging genetic mutations that could seriously
harm humans, animals, and our very biosphere.

15. Some limitations/gaps
1. False positives
2. False negatives
3. Unknown mutations =
clinical significance?

16. Module 2: NEXT WEEK…
SELF DIRECTED LEARNING:
Identify the types of specimen from which DNA and RNA can be isolated for diagnostic purposes
Understand and explain the steps involved in NA extraction
Chapter 3: Page 25