This document discusses problem-based learning and gifted education. It defines what makes a real problem, including that it must have personal meaning, no unique solution, and aim to create change. Real problems are different than puzzles or exercises. The document advocates for Type III investigations where students independently investigate real problems. Checklists are provided to ensure Type III work is high-quality and impactful. Overall, the document promotes helping students pursue meaningful problems through noticing, wondering, and independent investigation.