What type of rock can be dated with radiometric methodsSolution.pdf
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What type of rock can be dated with radiometric methods? Solution the metamorphic rock and Igneous rock & melt, all are vey slowly cooling and we can measure radioactivity decay unless or until it cool down below it’s the closure temperature.and more frequently used radiometric dating technique are depending on breakdown of the Potassium [40K] to -argon [40Ar]. sharp measurement of 40K to-- 40Ar amount in the igneous rock can tell you the real amount of time has been passed since this rock crystallized.for the sedimentary rocks we used Carbon-14 method for young rock( >50,00 years old rock) . This method is depend upon uptake of the naturally occured radioactive isotope like carbon-14,when living organism dead than stop accumulating carbon-14 atomes in body,over a time dead living things incorprated into the sedimentary rock, and geo-scientist calculate radiometric dating by using this carbon-14 atoms.this method used to measure the age of meteorites, Earth , ages of fossils, Moon, also early man, ages of mineral deposits, timing of glaciations, recurrence the rates of volcanic, earthquakes & eruptions Geologists scientist use this radiometric dating method to estimate or determine that how long ago back rocks were formed, & give information of ages of the fossils that contained within rocks. Naturally occurring various radioactive elements in the universe, and we know that Radioactive atoms are generally inherently unstable ,in radioactive \"large atoms\" decay into the stable small daughter atoms.in general When the molten rock cool & forming rock are know as igneous rocks a lot of radioactive atom were trapped inside the rock. than they starte decaying at the perticular expected rate. By determine the number of unstable atoms are left in rock & compare to the number of stable molecule of daughter atoms in a rock, geologist can be estimated the amount of the time is over since the perticularly rock formed.but the Fossils are frequently found in sedimentary rock,& not in the igneous rock. Sedimentary rocks can be use to dated a radioactively,carbon, but the problem is carbon decays vey quickly, this method can only work for the younger rocks age about 50 thousand years. So that in order to measure or date rock & older fossils, geologist scientists used layer of the volcanic ash & igneous rock below and above the fossil.geo- Scientists date the igneous rock by using elements which slow to decay, like uranium & potassium..
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![What type of rock can be dated with radiometric methods?
Solution
the metamorphic rock and Igneous rock & melt, all are vey slowly cooling and we can measure
radioactivity decay unless or until it cool down below it’s the closure temperature.and more
frequently used radiometric dating technique are depending on breakdown of the Potassium
[40K] to -argon [40Ar]. sharp measurement of 40K to-- 40Ar amount in the igneous rock can tell
you the real amount of time has been passed since this rock crystallized.for the sedimentary
rocks we used Carbon-14 method for young rock( >50,00 years old rock) . This method is
depend upon uptake of the naturally occured radioactive isotope like carbon-14,when living
organism dead than stop accumulating carbon-14 atomes in body,over a time dead living things
incorprated into the sedimentary rock, and geo-scientist calculate radiometric dating by using
this carbon-14 atoms.this method used to measure the age of meteorites, Earth , ages of fossils,
Moon, also early man, ages of mineral deposits, timing of glaciations, recurrence the rates of
volcanic, earthquakes & eruptions Geologists scientist use this radiometric dating method to
estimate or determine that how long ago back rocks were formed, & give information of ages of
the fossils that contained within rocks.
Naturally occurring various radioactive elements in the universe, and we know that Radioactive
atoms are generally inherently unstable ,in radioactive "large atoms" decay into the stable small
daughter atoms.in general When the molten rock cool & forming rock are know as igneous rocks
a lot of radioactive atom were trapped inside the rock. than they starte decaying at the perticular
expected rate. By determine the number of unstable atoms are left in rock & compare to the
number of stable molecule of daughter atoms in a rock, geologist can be estimated the amount of
the time is over since the perticularly rock formed.but the Fossils are frequently found in
sedimentary rock,& not in the igneous rock. Sedimentary rocks can be use to dated a
radioactively,carbon, but the problem is carbon decays vey quickly, this method can only work
for the younger rocks age about 50 thousand years. So that in order to measure or date rock &
older fossils, geologist scientists used layer of the volcanic ash & igneous rock below and above
the fossil.geo- Scientists date the igneous rock by using elements which slow to decay, like
uranium & potassium.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/whattypeofrockcanbedatedwithradiometricmethodssolution-230705193112-d6a96b69/85/What-type-of-rock-can-be-dated-with-radiometric-methodsSolution-pdf-1-320.jpg)
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other illnesses, but it also serves to challenge the immune system of children at a critical stage in
their development. A study by Gilham et al. (2005) tested whether social activity outside the
house in young children affected their probabilty of later developing the white blood cell disease
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common cancer of children. They compared 1272
children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia to 6238 children without acute lymphoblastic
leukemia. Of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia kids, 1020 had significant social activity outside
the home (including day care) when younger. Of the kids without acute lymphoblastic leukemia,
5343 had significant social activity outside the home. The rest of the children in both groups
lacked regular contact with children who were not in their immediate surroundings.
a.) Is this an experimental or observational study?
b.) What are the proportions of children with significant social activity in children with and
without acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
c.) What is the odds ratio for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, comparing the groups with and
without significant social activity?
d.) What is the 95% confidence interval for this odds ratio?
e.) Does this confidence interval indicate that the amount of social activity is associated with
acute lymphoblastic leukemia? If so, did the children with more social activity have a higher or
lower occurence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
f.) The researchers interpreted their study results in terms of the differing immune system
exposure of the children, but gave several alternative explanations for the pattern. Can you think
of any possible cofounding variables?
Solution.
Consider a two-state paramagnet with a very large number N of elemen.pdf
Consider a two-state paramagnet with a very large number N of elementary dipoles (N>>1) with
the total energy fixed at zero so that exactly half of the dipoles point up and half point down.
How many microstates are accessible to the system?
Solution
no of available microstates of the system in (N)C(N/2).
An administrator wishes to force remote access users to connect usin.pdf
An administrator wishes to force remote access users to connect using SSH. Which command
must be entered to disable Telnet access and force SSH use?
A. The no telnet Global Configuration command
B. no telnet in vty Line Configuration mode
C. The transport input ssh Global Configuration command
D. transport input ssh in vty Line Configuration mode
Solution
D is correct. This is the correct command, and must be entered in Line Configuration mode.
A, B, and C are incorrect. A and B are incorrect because no telnet is not a valid IOS command. C
is incorrect because it is the correct command, but it’s in the wrong configuration mode..
Below is a quote from Bobby Kennedy on what the Gross National Produ.pdf
Below is a quote from Bobby Kennedy on what the Gross National Product means and more
importantly what it does not mean.
Too much and too long, we seem to have surrendered community excellence and community
values in the mere accumulation of material things. Our gross national product ... if we should
judge America by that - counts air pollution and cigarette advertising, and ambulances to clear
our highways of carnage. It counts special locks for our doors and the jails for those who break
them. It counts the destruction of our redwoods and the loss of our natural wonder in chaotic
sprawl. It counts napalm and the cost of a nuclear warhead, and armored cars for police who
fight riots in our streets. It counts Whitman\'s rifle and Speck\'s knife, and the television
programs which glorify violence in order to sell toys to our children.
\"Yet the gross national product does not allow for the (1) health of our children, (2) the quality
of their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the (3) beauty of our poetry or the
strength of our marriages; (4) the intelligence of our public debate or (5) the integrity of our
public officials. It measures neither our (6) wit nor our (7) courage; neither our (8) wisdom nor
our learning; neither our (9) compassion nor our (10) devotion to our country; it measures
everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile. And it tells us everything about
America except why we are proud that we are Americans.\"
Kennedy mentions at least 10 things that aren\'t measured by GDP. YOUR task is to argue that
he is wrong. Find a way to prove that we can somewhat account for the factors he mentions in
our GDP.
Solution
As long as these points is not subject to any productive work he is right but if these lap with
productive goods and service programmes they can be included in GDP. For example, if
devotion is spread through tv channels then, people get benefit and trp, satelight rights etc. yield
a return. Hence, it can be possible to include in GDP. Similarly on several grounds we can do
that too for the other items to recorded in the ten points..
Abstract Data Types (a) Explain briefly what is meant by the ter.pdf
Abstract Data Types
(a) Explain briefly what is meant by the term abstract data type (ADT). Give two
reasons why use of ADTs is good programming practice.
(b) Write out a signature, or interface, that defines the operations of a stack ADT.
(c) Consider a string of characters of the form
... (.( ... ).) ...
where ... indicates an arbitrary sequence of characters (except for parentheses),
(.( indicates an arbitrary number (one or more) of opening parentheses, and
similarly ).) indicates an arbitrary number of closing parentheses.
Using only the stack abstraction operations defined above, write pseudocode for
an algorithm that determines, using a stack, whether or not the number of closing
parentheses is the same as the number of opening parentheses.
You may assume the existence of a function read(str,ch) that reads the next character
of string str into ch.
You may also assume that you can invoke a function reportFail, that will cause
termination with failure, and similarly, reportSuccess causes termination with a
success indication.
Further, you may also assume that you can call a function newStack(S) to create
a new empty stack S, and eos(str) that returns false when you reach the end of
the string.
Solution
(a) Explain briefly what is meant by the term abstract data type (ADT). Give two
reasons why use of ADTs is good programming practice.
A data type is a collection of values and a set of operations on those values. That collection and
these operations form a mathematical construct that may be implemented with the use of a
particular hardware or software data structure. The term abstract data type (ADT) refers to the
basic mathematical concept that defines the data type. We have discussed four different
implementations of the list data structure.
In case of implementation of the list with the use of an array, the size of the array gives difficulty
if increased.
To avoid this, we allocate memory dynamically for nodes before connecting these nodes with the
help of pointers.
For this purpose, we made a singly linked list and connected it with the next pointer to make a
chain.
Moving forward is easy but going back is a difficult task.
To overcome this problem, we made a doubly linked list using prev andnext pointers. With the
help of these pointers, we can move forward and backward very easily. Now we face another
problem that the prev pointer of first node and the next pointer of the last node are NULL.
Therefore, we have to be careful in case of NULL pointers. To remove the NULL pointers, we
made the circular link list by connecting the first and last node.
The program employing the list data structure is not concerned with its implementation.
We do not care how the list is being implemented whether through an array, singly linked list,
doubly linked list or circular linked list. It has been witnessed that in these four implementations
of the list, the interface remained the same i.e. it implements the same methods like add, get,
next, start a.
Across the field of human development, “development” is defined as .pdf
Across the field of human development, “development” is defined as: Question 1 options:
Change across the lifespan. Universal and sequential. There are multiple definitions of
development. Gains and losses. Save Question 2 (3 points) Question 2 Saved The traditional
view of human development states that development is: Question 2 options: The biological
unfolding of genetic potential. Any physical changes that occur between birth and maturity.
Positive, normative, universal growth that occurs from conception to maturity. Gains, losses, and
just plain changes that occur at each stage of the life cycle. all of the above. Save Question 3 (3
points) Question 3 Saved What is the biggest drawback of the life-span perspective of human
development? Question 3 options: It overemphasizes positive development in old age. It is too
different from the way that non-scientists think about development It relies too much on
universal stages of adult development. It is difficult to figure out what should (or should not) be
considered “development”. All of the above. Save Question 4 (3 points) Question 4 Saved There
are several big picture meta-theoretical themes used in this class—as presented in the syllabus
and textbook, and as explained by the instructor. Find the theme that is NOT part of the
assumptions from the meta-theory used in this class. Question 4 options: Development is
promoted by person-centered contexts and interactions. People carry the past forward into a
dynamic present. Genetics are at the root of behavioral development. Development is influenced
by an active changing context and an active developing person. All people face fundamental
developmental tasks, although there are many healthy pathways through them. Save Question 5
(3 points) Question 5 Saved All psychological theories of human development deal with certain
key developmental issues. These key issues include \"nature vs. nurture,\" and \"human nature as
good vs. bad,\" as well as: Question 5 options: Cross-cultural universality versus context
specificity; the continuity of development versus the discontinuity of stages. Infant as a blank
slate versus the infant coming with stuff; adult as good due to social constraints or evil due to
selifsh instincts. The nature of environmental stimulus versus an organism\'s responses;
conditioned versus unconditioned responses. Individual existence versus personal stages of
growth; collective everyday life versus historic ages of cultural evolution. Save Question 6 (3
points) Question 6 Saved What does it mean to say that \"development is contextually and
historically embedded\"? Question 6 options: An individual\'s development takes place within a
specific historical time. Development may differ for different generations. Societal context
shapes people\'s development. As people live through history, these events change their
pathways. All of the above. Save Question 7 (3 points) Question 7 Saved Some people have a
mechanistic world view. They .
A linked list is a linear data structure consisting of a set of nodes.pdf
A linked list is a linear data structure consisting of a set of nodes, where each one except the last
one points to the next node in the list. (Appendix A provides more information about linked
lists.) Suppose we have the set of 5 nodes shown in the illustration below. These nodes have
been scrambled up and placed in a MARIE program as shown below. Write a MARIE program
to traverse the list and print the data in order as stored in each node.
Solution
Address Label
(hex) JUMP start
00D Addr, Hex 0006 //Top of list pointer, address of node 1
00E Node2, Hex 0032 //Node data is the character 2.
00F Hex 0008 //address of node 3.
010 Node4, Hex 0034 //character \"4\".
011 Hex 000A //address of node 5
012 Node1, Hex 0031 //Character 1
013 Hex 0002 //address of node2
014 Node3 Hex 0033 //Character 3
015 Hex 0004 // addresss of node 4
016 Node5 Hex 0035 //Character 5
017 Hex 0000 //end of the list
Next Hex 0000 //pointer to next element
ONE Hex 0001 //one
Start LOAD Addr //LOAD LINK HEAD
STORE Next //
LOAD Next
Loop SKIPCOND 400 //if AC==0 - end of list reached
JUMP NextElem
JUMP End
NextElem CLEAR //Next is not null
ADDI Next // Load data value from current pointter to AC
OUTPUT // Display it
LOAD ONE // AC <-- 1
ADD Next // AC <--- Next+1 (pointer field address)
STORE Next // AC ---> Next
CLEAR // AC <---- 0
ADDI Next // AC <--[Next] (load next address from pointer field)
STORE Next // AC--> Next (Next loop)
JUMP Loop
End HALT.
12. The white “Spirit” black bear, Ursys anerucabys kermodei, differ.pdf
12. The white “Spirit” black bear, Ursys anerucabys kermodei, differs from the ordinary black
bear by a single amino acid change in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene. In this population, the
gene has two forms (or alleles): the “white: allele b and the “black” allele B. The trait is
recessive: white bears have two copies of the while allele of this gene (bb), whereas a bear is
black if it has one ore two copies of the black allele (Bb or BB). Both colors morphs and all three
genotypes are found together in the bear population of the northwest coast of British Columbia.
If processing the white allele has no effect on growth, survival, reproductive success, or mating
patterns of individual bears, then the frequency of individuals with 0, 1, or 2 copies of the white
allele (b) in the population will follow a binomial distribution. To investigate, Hendrick and
Ritland sampled and genotyped 87 bears from the northwest coast: 42 were BB, 24 were Bb, and
21 were bb. Assume that this is a random sampled of bears.
a. Calculate the fraction of b alleles in the population (remember, each bear has two copies of the
gene).
proportion from the data
b. With your estimate of the fraction of b alleles, and assuming a binomial distribution, calculate
the expected frequency of bears with 0, 1, and 2 copies.
c. Compare the observed and expected frequencies in a graph. Describe how they differ.
Solution.
With respect to the study of lawWhat is the purpose of discovery.pdf
With respect to the study of law
What is the purpose of discovery?
Who can be deposed? Who must answer interrogatories?
Solution
discovery is the civil process where both parties to a case to be interogated and find collect the
facts or relevant information to the case. it is a civil process where the authorities will personally
interact with both the parties individually and collects the relevant information relates to the
issue. both the parties will rise their voices and they explained their views and perceptions
towards the issue.
the purpose is to konw and identify the truths with pleas and perceptions of the individual related
to the case. here just hearings will happens.
the police parties or official parties will participate in the interogation and questions the victims
and accused people in the case. they will express their views and the reality to the officials..
Why do you need proteins to allow ions to cross the cell membrane an.pdf
Why do you need proteins to allow ions to cross the cell membrane and enter the muscle cell?
Solution
The transfer of ions are required for the conductance of muscle impulse. The proteins are
attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. Facilitated diffusion is the
spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific
transmembrane integral proteins. The use of proteins along with different proteins used in the
transport of ions are listed below:.
When you digest a sample of your protein with Chymotrypsin you get a.pdf
When you digest a sample of your protein with Chymotrypsin you get a different set of
fragments:
MNY
LMRNF
CDEKICY
LVSKMQL
IGRASTF
HPPRGATW
a) How does the Edman Degradation method work?
b) What is the correct sequence of your protein?
c) What are alternate ways you could have determined the sequence of your protein?
Solution
Edman degradation is a chemical method used for the sequencing of amino acids in a peptide.
This method is developed by Pehr Edman in 1960. In this method, N-terminal is labeled or
cleaved form the peptide and number of residues are identified
The Edman degradation is a very important reaction for protein sequencing, because it allows the
ordered amino acid composition of a protein to be discovered.
Automated Edman sequencers are now in widespread use, and are able to sequence peptides up
to approximately 50 amino acids long. A reaction scheme for sequencing a protein by the Edman
degradation follows:
1.Break anydisulfide bridgesin the protein with areducing agentlike2-mercaptoethanol.
Aprotecting groupsuch asiodoacetic acidmay be necessary to prevent the bonds from re-forming.
2.Separate and purify the individual chains of the protein complex, if there are more than one.
3.Determine the amino acid composition of each chain.
4.Determine the terminal amino acids of each chain.
5.Break each chain into fragments under 50 amino acids long.
6.Separate and purify the fragments.
7.Determine the sequence of each fragment.
8.Repeat with a different pattern of cleavage.
9.Construct the sequence of the overall protein.
Step – 1: The phenyl isothiocyanate reagent attacks and removes the N-terminal amino acid unit
in the form of a substituted thiohydantoin heterocycle. Characteristic hydantoin derivatives of all
the amino acids have been made and catalogued, so identification of the terminal unit is
accomplished easily by comparison.
Step – 2: The terminal amino group adds to the reactive isothiocyanate function to give a
substituted thiourea. This moiety is conformationally mobile, and the sulfur atom may approach
the carboxyl carbonyl of the N-terminal amino acid.
Step – 3: Anhydrous HCl protonates the amide oxygen atom, activating it to nucleophilic attack
by sulfur. Next, a thiazolinone heterocycle incorporating the N-terminal unit is cleaved, leaving
behind a shorter peptide chain. This heterocyclic ring is unstable and undergoes acid-catalyzed
rearrangement to the isomeric thiohydantoin (in the green shaded box).
Digestion into peptide fragments
Peptides longer than about 50-70 amino acids long cannot be sequenced reliably by the Edman
degradation. Because of this, long protein chains need to be broken up into small fragments that
can then be sequenced individually. Digestion is done either by endopeptidases such as trypsin or
pepsin or by chemical reagents such as cyanogen bromide. Different enzymes give different
cleavage patterns, and the overlap between fragments can be used to construct an overall
sequence.
Reaction
The pe.
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What type of rock can be dated with radiometric methodsSolution.pdf
- 1. What type of rock can be dated with radiometric methods? Solution the metamorphic rock and Igneous rock & melt, all are vey slowly cooling and we can measure radioactivity decay unless or until it cool down below it’s the closure temperature.and more frequently used radiometric dating technique are depending on breakdown of the Potassium [40K] to -argon [40Ar]. sharp measurement of 40K to-- 40Ar amount in the igneous rock can tell you the real amount of time has been passed since this rock crystallized.for the sedimentary rocks we used Carbon-14 method for young rock( >50,00 years old rock) . This method is depend upon uptake of the naturally occured radioactive isotope like carbon-14,when living organism dead than stop accumulating carbon-14 atomes in body,over a time dead living things incorprated into the sedimentary rock, and geo-scientist calculate radiometric dating by using this carbon-14 atoms.this method used to measure the age of meteorites, Earth , ages of fossils, Moon, also early man, ages of mineral deposits, timing of glaciations, recurrence the rates of volcanic, earthquakes & eruptions Geologists scientist use this radiometric dating method to estimate or determine that how long ago back rocks were formed, & give information of ages of the fossils that contained within rocks. Naturally occurring various radioactive elements in the universe, and we know that Radioactive atoms are generally inherently unstable ,in radioactive "large atoms" decay into the stable small daughter atoms.in general When the molten rock cool & forming rock are know as igneous rocks a lot of radioactive atom were trapped inside the rock. than they starte decaying at the perticular expected rate. By determine the number of unstable atoms are left in rock & compare to the number of stable molecule of daughter atoms in a rock, geologist can be estimated the amount of the time is over since the perticularly rock formed.but the Fossils are frequently found in sedimentary rock,& not in the igneous rock. Sedimentary rocks can be use to dated a radioactively,carbon, but the problem is carbon decays vey quickly, this method can only work for the younger rocks age about 50 thousand years. So that in order to measure or date rock & older fossils, geologist scientists used layer of the volcanic ash & igneous rock below and above the fossil.geo- Scientists date the igneous rock by using elements which slow to decay, like uranium & potassium.