Drill earthquake

1. BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
Cagayan de Oro Fire Station
Capt. V. Roa St., Cagayan de Oro City
Tel. No. (08822) 72-72-10

2. A weak to violent shaking
of the ground produced by
the sudden movement of
rock materials below the
earth’s surface.

3. Volcanic
- earthquakes produced
by movement of magma
beneath volcanoes
Tectonic
- earthquakes produced by sudden
movement along faults and plate
boundaries
Magma
TYPES OF NATURAL
EARTHQUAKES

4. FAULTS
-breaks or zones of weakness in rocks along which
displacements had occurred or can occur again.
They may extend hundreds of kilometers across
the earth’s surface and tens of kilometers downward
BEFORE
FAULTING
REVERSE
NORMAL FAULT
STRIKE-SLIP
TYPES OF FAULT MOVEMENTS

5. Hypocenter of an earthquake is
the location beneath the earth’s
surface where the rupture of the
fault begins
Epicenter of an earthquake is the
location directly above the
hypocenter on the surface of the
earth
 It is estimated that there are 500,000 detectable earthquakes in the
world each year. 100,000 of those can be felt, 100 of them cause
damage.

6. perceived strength of an
earthquake based on relative
effect to people and
structures; generally higher
near the epicenter
based on instrumentally derived information
and correlates strength with the amount of
total energy released at the earthquake’s
point of origin
Describing the strength of an earthquake
1. Intensity
2. Magnitude

7. SEISMIC
HAZARDS

8. Ground shaking
the disruptive up and down and sideways motion
experienced during an earthquake

9. Kinds of Shaking
1. Vertical
2. Lateral
2.
Baguio Earthquake, 1990

10. Ground rupture and fissuring
creation of new or the renewed movements of old fractures, oftentimes
with the two blocks on both sides moving in opposite directions
Ground
rupture

11. Liquefaction
a process that transforms the
behavior of a body of sediment
from that of a solid to that of a
liquid

12. Where does liquefaction
commonly occur?
Low-lying areas near bodies of
water:
rivers
lakes
bays
oceans

13. Landslides and rockfalls
slope failures in steep or hilly slopes

14. •Series of waves
•Interval between 5-10 minutes
•Could last for hours
•Run-up height could be as
high as 10 meters or more
•800 kph in deep ocean but
does not affect vessels
•45 to 80 kph near shorelines
TSUNAMI
•Giant sea waves resulting from
the disturbance of ocean floor
by an earthquake

15. Tidal wave vs Tsunami
 Although both are sea waves the two has two different and
unrelated phenomena
• Tidal Wave – is a shallow water wave
caused by the gravitational interaction
between the sun, moon, and earth.
•Tsunami – is a sea wave caused by an
underwater earthquake or landslide (usually
triggered by an earthquake) displacing the
ocean water

16. WHY DO WE NEED TO CONDUCT AN EARTHQUAKE
DRILL?
Earthquake is a natural phenomenon and cannot be
prevented. It can strike quickly without warning.
Earthquake can damage lives and properties.
No available technology that give an
accurate earthquake prediction.
TO MITIGATE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER.

17. OBJECTIVES
 To ensure the safety of everybody during and after a damaging
earthquake.
 To help the building administrators and their disaster action
groups to design a specific response plan for earthquakes.
 To train the building occupants on proper action and response
during earthquakes.
 To test various elements of the response plan designed by the
Disaster Management Committee (DMC).

18. How to Conduct
an Earthquake Drill ?

19. Stage 1
Planning/
Organizing
Stage 2
Developing an
Evacuation Plan
Stage 3
Orientation prior to
Earthquake drill
Stage 4
Actual Conduct of
Earthquake Drill
Stages in Conducting Earthquake Drill

20. STAGE 1
Planning/Organizing an Earthquake Drill
A. Form a Disaster Management Committee (DMC) composed of
several teams with specific task and designate an over-all
coordinator.
First Aid or
Medical Team
Fire Safety
Team
Overall
Coordinator
Site Security
Team
Communication
Team
Evacuation
Team

21.  Have the following information available yearly:
Total number of building occupants
Total number of occupants at each room
Total number of occupants at each floor
Total number of occupants at each building
Identify occupants with special needs (sick, old, disabled) and their
location
STAGE 1
Planning/Organizing an Earthquake Drill
 Members of the Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
should evaluate the building.

22. STAGE 1
Planning/Organizing an Earthquake Drill
 Members of the Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
should evaluate the building.
 Acquire the most recent grounds layout or vicinity plan/map.

23. STAGE 1
Planning/Organizing an Earthquake Drill
 Observe hazardous areas/practices within the building premises and
dangerous conditions that may exist which people have not noticed before.
This should be plotted on the layout.
Examples: * Any hanging, unstable objects or structure
* Condition of power lines and utility poles
* Narrow alleys between buildings
* Corridors are too narrow
* Are there blockages along the corridors and exit points?
* Do exit point remain open during working hours?
* Doors that swing in instead of swing out.
B. Members of the DMC should conduct building watching
exercise and identify safe and unsafe spots inside the
building. This is necessary for stressing the do’anddont’s.

24. STAGE 1
Planning/Organizing an Earthquake Drill
Swing Out Door
Shelf near
Entrance
Narrow Exit
Glass Window
Decoration
Building Watching Exercise

25. STAGE 1
Planning/Organizing an Earthquake Drill
Electic Post
and wirings
Gate’s Shade
Flower Pots
Building Watching Exercise

26. STAGE 1
Planning/Organizing an Earthquake Drill
 Suggest corrections or improvements of current set-up.
Examples: * clean up stuff that blocks the corridors
and exit points.
* exit points must remain unlocked during working
hours.
 Assess the structural integrity of the building/s by a
qualified civil/structural engineer.
The engineer could be tapped from the local city/municipal
engineer’s office

27. STAGE 2
Developing the Building Earthquake
Evacuation Plan
 The Building Earthquake Evacuation Plan should have provisions
to utilize all available open spaces nearest the building that are
evaluated as safe from falling debris and other materials that
may cause injuries.
Parking Area Park

28. STAGE 2
Developing the Building Earthquake
Evacuation Plan
 Determine if there is sufficient open space for all. Areas to
be occupied should be computed assuming 4 ‘evacuees’
would occupy a 1 sq m area.
Determine how many persons can occupy an open space.
Assumption 1 : 800 persons
Assumption 2 : 4 persons/m2
(800 persons) ÷ (4 persons/m2) = 200 m2
Is the space enough for the total number of evacuees?

29.  Determine the flow of traffic from each building along the
street using the information on actual number of occupants
per building and their designated evacuation area.
 Indicate by arrows, the flow of evacuation coming out of each
room down to their designated evacuation site. This will be
the suggested earthquake evacuation route
 for the building occupants.
One way traffic:
Determine the flow of
traffic
STAGE 2
Developing the Building Earthquake
Evacuation Plan

30. Flow of Traffic and Evacuation Route
One way traffic: persons
shall walk in one direction
Evacuation Site
Use arrows to indicate the
flow of evacuation
STAGE 2
Developing the Building Earthquake
Evacuation Plan

31. Earthquake Survival
Kits
First Aid Kits
Prepare

32. STAGE 3
Orientation Prior to the
Conduct of an Earthquake Drill
A. Prepare the building occupants a week before the scheduled
earthquake drill.
 Identify safe spots (e.g. under tables, desks, doors, etc) and danger zones
(e.g. windows and glass, shelves, machinery, cabinets and furniture that
may topple or slide as well as all hanging and heavy objects).
 When dangerous areas have been identified, ask the building
occupants/administrators to correct these and to take action.
 Introduce the suggested evacuation route prepared by the DMC.
 Also introduce the assigned open area where they should evacuate after an
earthquake.
 Assign somebody who will be in charge of making sure that all exit points
are open during the shaking.

33. B. The main concern during an ongoing shaking is how to
protect oneself.
 Give specific instructions on what to do DURING an
earthquake.
Duck, Cover and Hold
Take cover under a sturdy
table or strongly supported
doorway.
Watch out for falling objects.
Keep calm and don’t panic.
STAGE 3
Orientation Prior to the
Conduct of an Earthquake Drill

34. B. The main concern during an ongoing shaking is how to
protect oneself.
 Give specific instructions about what to do AFTER as soon
as the shaking stops:
Be alert…
Listen to the Teacher’s instructions.
Walk out of the building in an orderly manner.
STAGE 3
Orientation Prior to the
Conduct of an Earthquake Drill

35. B. The main concern during an ongoing shaking is how to
protect oneself.
 While walking along the alleys/streets, be alert and watch out for
falling debris.
DON’T Run
DON’T Push
DON’T Talk
DON’T Return
DON’T bring your things
STAGE 3
Orientation Prior to the
Conduct of an Earthquake Drill

36. STAGE 4
Actual Conduct of an Earthquake Drill
1. Prior to the scheduled drill, inform the neighborhood
regarding the conduct of the drill.
2. Identify and assign observers for each exit points of the
building and evacuation areas. They will give their
comments and observations during the evaluation of the
drill.

37. STAGE 4
Actual Conduct of an Earthquake Drill
3. For the Actual Drill.
Assumptions:
 1-minute strong shaking signified by 1 minute siren/bell
 Person can not stand.
 Buildings may have been damaged but no collapse.
 Possible falling objects including glass windows
 No immediate assistance will be available for at least several hours.
 Self-help and sustenance are required.
 Possible injuries, fear, panic among building occupants.

38. STAGE 4
Actual Conduct of an Earthquake Drill
3. For the Actual Drill.
Give instructions/reiterate the what to do’s:
 once the siren is heard, do the proper and expected actions.
 Participants during this 1-minute siren should perform the duck, cover and
hold
 After the 1-minute siren, participants quietly go out of the building/s and
proceed to previously designated open space. Team leaders should make
head count while in the ground.
 While the drill is ongoing, observers should take note on how the
participants performed.

39. STAGE 4
Actual Conduct of an Earthquake Drill
3. For the Actual Drill.
Give instructions/reiterate the what to do’s:
 When all the participants have converged at the designated
evacuation area, the assigned observers will give their
comments (if drill was conducted properly, if the evacuation
proceeded smoothly, etc.) and suggestions on how to correct
and improve.
To be effective earthquake drills
must be done regularly.

40. PHASES OF AN
EARTHQUAKE DRILL

41. Phase 1. ALARM
siren / bell rings for 1 minute
ongoing “ground shaking or earthquake”

42. Phase 2. RESPONSE
during the “shaking”
perform “DUCK, COVER and HOLD”Remain in that
position until
“shaking”
stops
Still BE ALERT, open your eyes
Observers should take note
of how teachers and students performed

43. Phase 3. EVACUATION
after the “shaking”
All building occupants evacuate, following
pre-determined routes, to the EVACUATION
AREAS

44. Phase 4. ASSEMBLY
At the designated evacuation area, the
‘evacuees’ must be grouped together.

45. Phase 5. HEAD COUNT
Team leaders (Teachers) should check and
make sure all ‘evacuees’ are accounted for.

46. Phase 6. EVALUATION
An evaluation of the drill must be conducted to
identify problems encountered during the drill and how
this can be corrected in future earthquake drills.