What Is This Cloud Native Thing Anyway?

What Is This Cloud
Native Thing Anyway?
CraftConf 2018
Sam Newman
Copyright 2018 Sam Newman and Associates Ltd. https://samnewman.io/

@samnewman
Sam Newman &
Associates

@samnewman
Sam Newman
Building
Microservices
DESIGNING FINE-GRAINED SYSTEMS

@samnewman
Cloud Native

@samnewman
Two Things…

@samnewman
It’s all about
abstractions

@samnewman
It’s not all about
kubernetes

@samnewman

@samnewman
2006

@samnewman
1999

@samnewman
2007

@samnewman
What is a cloud
native app?

@samnewman
https://12factor.net

@samnewman
https://www.nirmata.com/2015/03/09/cloud-native-application-maturity-model/
OPEN DATA CENTER ALLIANCE MATURITY MODEL

@samnewman
“Application can dynamically migrate across infrastructure
providers without interruption of service”

@samnewman
NOT CLOUD NATIVE?

@samnewman
Ok, but what is a
Cloud Native App?

@samnewman
https://www.cncf.io/about/charter/
CNCF CHARTER

@samnewman
(a) Container Packaged
CNCF DEFINITION…

@samnewman
(b) Dynamically Managed
CNCF DEFINITION…

@samnewman
(c) Micro-service Oriented
CNCF DEFINITION…

@samnewmanhttps://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/glynlowe/10921733615

@samnewman
WHY CONTAINERS?

@samnewman
Isolated execution
WHY CONTAINERS?

@samnewman
Universal Deployment
Isolated execution
WHY CONTAINERS?

@samnewman
Portable
Universal Deployment
Isolated execution
WHY CONTAINERS?

@samnewman
FAAS?

@samnewman
FAAS?
Containers as an implementation detail

@samnewman
(c) Micro-service Oriented
CNCF DEFINITION…
???

@samnewman
https://pivotal.io/cloud-native

@samnewman
“MICRO-SERVICE ORIENTED?”

@samnewman
Independent Scaling

@samnewman
Right tool, right job
Independent Scaling

@samnewman
Right tool, right job
Independently Deployable
Independent Scaling

@samnewman
Seriously though,
what the hell is a
cloud native app?

@samnewman
Lift & Shift

@samnewman
Lift & Shift
On the cloud, but ﬁghting it

@samnewman
Lift & Shift
Cloud Ready

@samnewman
Lift & Shift
Cloud Ready
Working with, not against

@samnewman
Lift & Shift
Cloud Native
Cloud Ready

@samnewman
Lift & Shift
Cloud Native
Embracing the cloud, and only the cloud
Cloud Ready

@samnewman
Lift & Shift
Cloud Native
Cloud Ready
12 factor apps

@samnewman
Lift & Shift
Cloud Native
Cloud Ready
12 factor apps
Serverless

@samnewman
An application that is built to take
full advantage of an underlying
cloud platform

@samnewman
cloud platform
Probably: designed with a specific
platform in mind

@samnewman
cloud platform
Probably: designed with a specific
platform in mind
Highly-likely: not going to work without
a cloud platform

@samnewman
CLOUD NATIVE APP CHARACTERISTICS

@samnewman
Build to scale

@samnewman
Build to scale
Fault-tolerant

@samnewman
Build to scale
Fault-tolerant
Maybe: decomposed into services

@samnewman
Build to scale
Fault-tolerant
Pushes as much work to the platform as possible

@samnewman
Build to scale
Fault-tolerant
Pushes as much work to the platform as possible
Automatable

@samnewman
Platforms?

@samnewman
Abstractions
Platforms?

@samnewman
IAAS

@samnewman
IAAS
CoAAS

@samnewman
IAAS
CoAAS
PAAS

@samnewman
IAAS
CoAAS
PAASServerless?

@samnewman
“Developers turn caffeine into abstractions”
- Brian Marick, possibly

@samnewman
Machine Code

@samnewman
Machine Code
Assembly Code

@samnewman
Machine Code
Assembly Code
Application Code

@samnewman
https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2002/11/11/the-law-of-leaky-abstractions/

@samnewman
Lock-in?

@samnewman
https://twitter.com/alexstamos/status/993258342230376448

@samnewman
https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2016/03/10-lessons-from-10-years-of-aws.html
“One of the most important mechanisms we provided
was to oﬀer customers a collection of primitives and
tools, where they could pick and choose their preferred
way to engage with the AWS cloud, instead of only
providing one framework”

@samnewman
Amazon
EC2

@samnewman
Amazon
EC2
Amazon 
S3

@samnewman
Amazon
EC2
Amazon 
S3
Amazon 
RDS

@samnewman
CNCF PROJECTS -> CLOUD NATIVE PRIMITIVES
https://www.cncf.io/projects/

@samnewman
“(g) Platform agnostic. The speciﬁcations developed will
not be platform speciﬁc such that they can be
implemented on a variety of architectures and operating
systems.”

@samnewman
on-premise?

@samnewman
on-premise?
operating

@samnewman
on-premise?
operating
lower-level
primitives

@samnewman
CNCF PROJECTS -> CLOUD NATIVE PRIMITIVES
https://www.cncf.io/projects/
Data & Storage?

@samnewman
CNCF CHARTER
“The Foundation’s mission is to create and drive the
adoption of a new computing paradigm that is
optimized for modern distributed systems environments
capable of scaling to tens of thousands of self healing
multi-tenant nodes.”

@samnewman
tens of thousands of
nodes?

@samnewman
standards?

@samnewman
http://opentracing.io
OPEN TRACING

@samnewman
https://www.cncf.io/about/members/
MEMBERS…

@samnewman
Agile/Lean

@samnewman
Agile/Lean
DevOps

@samnewman
Agile/Lean
Continuous
Delivery
DevOps

@samnewman
Agile/Lean
Continuous
Delivery
DevOps
Cloud

@samnewman
Agile/Lean
Continuous
Delivery
DevOps
Cloud
Microservices

@samnewman
Agile/Lean
Continuous
Delivery
DevOps
Cloud
Cloud
Native
Microservices

@samnewman
is it for me?

@samnewman
You need to be able to buy into a platform

@samnewman
You need a continual appetite to assess and
adopt new technology

@samnewman
You’ll need to learn new skills, and perhaps hire
new types of people

@samnewman
You’ll need to learn new skills, and perhaps hire
new types of people
Accept the constraints of the platform(s) you
adopt

@samnewman
Reduce operating costs

@samnewman
Move faster

@samnewman
Move faster
Handle scale, resiliency and security significantly
better than doing it yourself

@samnewman
http://samnewman.io
@samnewman
Thank You!

What Is This Cloud Native Thing Anyway?

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