1. The document discusses what planning is and why it is important. It defines planning as preparing for the future and identifying problems to find solutions. Planning helps communities prioritize projects and coordinate development. 2. The document outlines the main roles of urban planners, which includes developing land use plans and programs, conducting research on factors affecting land use, and ensuring orderly community development through transportation networks and land use controls. 3. The planning process involves setting up an inclusive citizen participation process, then having citizens work with officials to set goals and objectives for the community.

1. what is planning
urban planning
arch 368
spring 2013

2. • what is planning?
• why plan?
•who are planners?
•what do planners do?
•steps in planning
• professional practice

3. what is planning?

4. definitions – “plan” & “planning”
plan (n)
• a physical representation of something
(a drawing, a map etc.)
• a method for doing something
• an orderly arrangement of parts of an
objective
the art of drawing up a physical
plan or design on paper?
plan (v)
• ‘to arrange the parts of ’, or
• ‘to realize the achievement of’, or,
more vaguely, ‘to intend’.

5. definitions – “plan” & “planning”
plan (n)
• a physical representation of something
(a drawing, a map etc.)
• a method for doing something
• an orderly arrangement of parts of an
objective
the art of drawing up a physical
plan or design on paper?
plan (v)
• ‘to arrange the parts of ’, or
• ‘to realize the achievement of’, or,
more vaguely, ‘to intend’.

6. what is planning
preparation of a physical
representation or design ?

7. what is planning
What if planning did
not involve
production of a single
exact physical
representation of the
entity which is being
produced?

8. what is planning ?
the emphasis is always on tracing an
orderly sequence of events which will
achieve a predetermined goal.

9. what is planning ?
For many years, planning attempted to solve the issues of
urban communities, reacting to the successes and failures of
previous designs to build a better model.

10. what is planning ?
The promises of planning are seen throughout history in multiple
examples of livable communities that create a balance
between economic, social and environmental needs.

11. why plan?

12. Ok, why do we
plan anyway?
Does it have any
practical value?
One answer to the first part of the question is
that the development law allows and
encourages communities, and local and
central governments to plan. But that's not a
very satisfying answer. Planning does have
practical as well as idealistic values.

13. Idealism aside, what
are some of the
practical values of
comprehensive
planning?
vision
livability
We all plan at some time in our lives and when we do, it's
usually for one of two basic reasons. One is we want to
accomplish something, some goal, be it practical or
idealistic. Or we want to avoid or prevent something, such as
poverty or getting sick. In planning we use whatever facts
we have, to help us make our best guess about the future
and choose the best and most practicable steps to
accomplish our goals.

14. I see your point, but communities
or regions aren't individuals who
can make decisions on their own.
Just who decides what are
government goals and desires
that are to be planned for? How
can you ever get everyone to
agree on everything?
participation
You're right, unanimous agreement on goals and policies is wellnigh inconceivable. So, in doing a general plan, you do the best
you can to elicit public input. The planning process takes the
substance of our values, goals and needs and translates them into
the substance of policy. Special planning committees and the city
council must decide on which goals, policies, benchmarks and
land-use arrangements best embody a consensus of public
opinion tempered with good judgement.

15. I see, but let's get back
to the first question, why
plan?
Should we build more
streets before more sewer
lines? Should we build a
new community center
before upgrading fire
stations, or vice versa?
1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.
2nd : Planning identifies problems and
points the way to solutions.
3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other
words, it provides a rationale for assigning
priorities.
4th: Through planning, you can come up
with sound policies to address growth or
decline.
5th: Planning helps to coordinate
development projects with one another.
6th: Planning can educate, involve and
inform the public as well as public officials.

16. I see, but let's get back
to the first question, why
plan?
1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.
2nd : Planning identifies problems and
points the way to solutions.
3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other
words, it provides a rationale for assigning
priorities.
4th: Through planning, you can come up
with sound policies to address growth or
Where should new housing
decline.
go? What's to become of
5th: Planning helps to coordinate
downtown if we encourage an
outlying shopping center? A development projects with one another.
good plan will suggest answers 6th: Planning can educate, involve and
inform the public as well as public officials.
to perplexing questions.

17. I see, but let's get back
to the first question, why
plan?
In other words, making sure
that adequate roads and
utilities are in place before the
new shopping center or
subdivision or dairy farm are
opened.
1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.
2nd : Planning identifies problems and
points the way to solutions.
3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other
words, it provides a rationale for assigning
priorities.
4th: Through planning, you can come up
with sound policies to address growth or
decline.
5th: Planning helps to coordinate
development projects with one another.
6th: Planning can educate, involve and
inform the public as well as public officials.

18. I see, but let's get back
to the first question, why
plan?
1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.
2nd : Planning identifies problems and
Participation in planning can
points the way to solutions.
forestall opposition to
3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other
implementing what might
words, it provides a rationale for assigning
have been controversial
priorities.
policies. Another aspect of this
4th: Through planning, you can come up
is that participatory planning
with sound policies to address growth or
can reveal the potential for
decline.
change and improvement to a
community to those who had
5th: Planning helps to coordinate
never thought of such things
development projects with one another.
before.
6th: Planning can educate, involve and
inform the public as well as public officials.

19. who are planners?

20. Plan de l'Ancienne Chartreuse de Paris
by Eustache Le Sueur
Ca. 1645
Musée du Louvre in Paris

27. ethics
nature:
ecology &
sustainability
local
capacity
policy
perception:
image of the
city
forecasts
heritage
realistic
livability
decisionmaking :
participation
economy
comprehensive
systems
approach
strategic
continual
flexibility
gapbridging
timebound
leadership

29. GEOGRAPHY
ANTHROPOLOGY
HISTORY
POLITICS
ECONOMY
URBAN
PLANNING
SOCIOLOGY
ECOLOGY
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE

32. what do planners do?

33. what do planners do?

34. what do planners do?
Urban and regional planners develop plans and
programs for the use of land. They use planning to
create communities, accommodate growth, or
revitalize physical facilities in towns, cities, regions, and
metropolitan areas

35. Urban planning (urban, city, and town planning) is a technical
and political process concerned with the control of the
use of land and design of the urban environment,
including transportation networks, to guide and ensure the
orderly development of settlements and communities.
It concerns itself with research
and analysis, strategic thinking,
architecture, urban design,
public consultation, policy
recommendations,
implementation and
management.

37. planning tasks
•Hold public meetings with government officials,
social scientists, lawyers, developers, the public, or
special interest groups to formulate, develop, or
address issues regarding land use or community
plans
•Discuss with planning officials the purpose of land
use projects, such as transportation, conservation,
residential, commercial, industrial, or community use.
•Design, promote, or administer government plans
or policies affecting land use, zoning, public utilities,
community facilities, housing, or transportation.
•Conduct field investigations, surveys, impact
studies, or other research to compile and analyze
data on economic, social, regulatory, or physical
factors affecting land use.

38. planning tasks
•Create, prepare, or requisition graphic or narrative
reports on land use data, including land area maps
overlaid with geographic variables such as
population density.
•Assess the feasibility of proposals and identify
necessary changes.
•Coordinate work with economic consultants or
architects during the formulation of plans or the
design of large pieces of infrastructure.
•Keep informed about economic or legal issues
involved in zoning codes, building codes, or
environmental regulations and
determine the effects of regulatory
limitations on projects.

40. steps in planning

41. main techniques of planning
Its main techniques will be :
• written statements,
supplemented as appropriate by
• statistical projections,
• mathematical representations,
• quantified evaluations and diagrams
illustrating relationships between
different parts of the plan.
It may, but need not necessarily,
include
• exact physical blueprints of objects.

42. Ok, what is step one
and who is involved?
1
inclusive
process
The first step in is to set up the Citizen Participation
Process. This is the most important work plan element, in
fact, it should be listed as a separate task. The process
for how citizens participate in the planning process will
be acquired. How information obtained will be used
should be described.

43. Once folks get
together, what are
they going to do first?
2
objective
framework
Step Two in planning asks citizens, in conjunction with officials
and staff, to set Goals and Objectives. Determining community
goals and objectives should be clearly spelled out fairly early in
the process, so the planning effort is working towards meeting
them. These must be goals and objectives that the community
reaches consensus on, not just those of whoever is writing the
plan, or the plan will not be approved and/or utilized.

44. I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
3
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in numbers
can't be ignored. Step Three
calls for an Assessment of
Existing Conditions.

45. 3
I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

46. 3
I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

47. 3
I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

48. 3
I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

49. 3
I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

50. 3
I see, you increase rates
population are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

51. 3
I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

52. 3
I see, you are setting it
up so the planning
process creates the
product, or the plan.
But what about all the
quantitative stuff, the
traditional grist of the
planning mill?
Obviously doing a snapshot
of the community in
numbers can't be ignored.
Step Three calls for an
Assessment of Existing
Conditions.

53. Once we figure out
where we are, how do
we figure out where
we're going?
4
forecasts
That's where Step Four comes in. Trends Information allows us to
assess where the community is going: growing or declining, at
what rate, expected future impacts. It looks at all the same topics
as Step Three, but moreover, it includes projections (e.g.
population, demand for sewage treatment, etc.) and provides
information on level of services issues (are there too few parks for
the existing population? will a drainage need surface in the next
few years? etc.).

54. What if trends show us
going in a direction
we don't want to go?
5
scenario
The job of Step Five is to offer a Preferred Scenario for the Future.
This is an extension of previous tasks, and describes graphically
and in writing what the community hopes to become. In its most
basic form, it is a comprehensive plan map which elected officials
may use to evaluate future land use and zoning applications. With
more detail, it can also set standards for services, and spell out
specific future projects the community wishes to pursue.

55. I'm still waiting for the
product of the process.
When does that
happen?
codes
6
If you're ready, now.
Plan Codes are the main tools for implementation of the
plan, the place where real changes to existing
procedures can be made. Again, this need not be
unnecessarily complex, but it should be clearly
identified.

56. How can the plan
best be put to use?
phases of
implementation
7
Step Seven, Implementation, is the most crucial, though
most forgotten, part of the plan for it to become a
useful tool for the community. It should be as specificaction
as
possible, and list future short and long term actions
plan
needed to implement the plan's policies. It should also
identify funding sources, where possible, and note
specific responsibilities by agency for each action.

57. How can the plan
best be put to use?
plan
reviews
8
The final step, Follow Up/Plan Review makes the plan truly useful,
in that it encourages periodic review and updates time periods.
The plan should also recommend additional actions that may be
needed to implement the plan policies, such as revisions to the
zoning code or subdivision ordinance.

58. planning steps in short
1 citizen participation process
2 goals and objectives
3
assessment of existing
conditions
4
trends information
5
preferred scenario for
the future
6
plan codes
7
implementation
8
plan review
PROBLEMS AND
OPPORTUNITIES
INVENTORY AND
FORECAST RESOURCES
FORMULATION AND
EVALUATION OF
ALTERNATIVE PLANS
ACTION PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
PLAN REVISION