Clinical data mining (CDM) is the process of analyzing and interpreting clinical data to improve healthcare practices and decision-making. It involves collecting data from sources like medical transcripts and electronic medical records, and can help identify patterns that lead to early disease detection and improved treatment guidelines. The process of CDM includes phases of data collection, pre-processing, data parsing, and the application of knowledge to enhance patient care and medical research.

1. What is Clinical Data Mining?
Clinical Data-Mining (CDM) involves the conceptualization, extraction, analysis, and
interpretation of available clinical data for practice knowledge-building, clinical decision-
making and practitioner reflection.
Clinical data can be obtained from various sources like Medical Transcript Files and
Electronic Medical Records (EMR). We can create a new Clinical database which
accumulates large quantities of information about patients and their medical conditions using
these two sources. Relationships and patterns within this data could provide new medical
knowledge.
Importance of Clinical Data Mining:
i) In Year 2010 more than 30 million people were treated for life threatening
diseases. Cancer and Heart Disease are few of them. Identification of early signs
of cancer and heart disease is possible and can save thousands of lives. Analyzing
a database of thousands of patients which can provide valuable information about
the probable causes, nature of progression, etc., can help in developing systems
that could identify disease at the earliest signs of occurrence leading to timely
treatment and preventive techniques.
ii) Every year, new guidelines come out regarding the usage and the dose of different
drugs. Sometimes guidelines show some drugs taken in combination can produce
adverse effects. The latest example of the same is :
June 8 2011, the FDA came out with new guidelines for the use of simvastatin,
particularly noting specific combinations of medications that are now defined as
"contraindicated" with simvastatin at any dose.
Using this knowledge database we can find the patients taking those contradicting
drugs.
Approach of Clinical Data Mining:
The process of Data Mining is divided into four phases: i) Data Collection ii) Pre-Processing iii) Data
Parsing iv) Application of Knowledge

2. i) Data Collection: Clinical Data of any patient is stored in two Different formats. i)
Medical Transcript File (contains 25 to 30% of information) ii) EMR (contains 75-80% of
information).In this phase, each patient information of transcript file and EMR is
mapped.
ii) Pre-Processing: To get accurate output from the parser, the input document needs to
be in Clinical Document Architecture (CDA). So in pre-processing phase given input
document is converted into CDA format.
iii) Data Parsing: Pre-Processed Data is parsed into a single structured format. Here
negation, Snomed Codes, Rx-Norm Codes, ICD-9 Codes, Body Measurements, Drug
Dosages, Smoking Status and Allergies are detected.
iv) Application of Knowledge: Using this knowledge we can create a new Database, and
querying the database can be useful in medical research and in improvement of patient
healthcare. For-example we can query:
i) What is LDL laboratory level? Is it below 100? Do they also have MI (history of
heart attack)? If so is LDL less than 70.
ii) If EF < 40%, needs 2D Echo and 3D Echo
If EF still remains < 40%, needs EP Level 4
If EF < 35%, needs AICD
Author: Parth Pathak is a core team member of ezdi, LLC. That is developing novel software on
Clinical Data Mining.
About ezDI
The Company is one of the leaders in business intelligence and healthcare analytics that aim at
improving the quality of services in healthcare and reducing costs. The company offers integrated

3. solutions with a single data feed, and increases the industry’s speed, accuracy, flexibility and value
overtime.
For additional information, please visit http://www.ezdi.us .
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