What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
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In the abdomen symptoms can be confusing – from mild abdominal pain, colicky pain, burning micturition and low backache to jaundice and bleeding. Some patients notice prominent pulsating swelling in the abdomen.
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X ray
The x-ray report documents hyperinflation of the right lung, a fractured right femur bone, and cardiomegaly with increased pulmonary vascularity and abnormalities including an atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. It also notes a foreign body in the right lower bronchus, right lung consolidation, increased bone density, and signs of rickets such as decreased bone density and changes to the wrist joint.
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This document discusses clinical features, signs, classifications, complications, and theories of venous disease and varicose veins. Key points include:
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- Signs include dilated, tortuous subcutaneous veins and complications such as ulceration, eczema, and bleeding.
- Varicose veins are classified clinically, etiologically, anatomically, and pathophysiologically.
- Complications include hemorrhage, dermatitis, ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis.
- Two theories for venous ulcer formation are the fibrin cuff and white cell trapping theories, which involve
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X ray
The x-ray report documents hyperinflation of the right lung, a fractured right femur bone, and cardiomegaly with increased pulmonary vascularity and abnormalities including an atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. It also notes a foreign body in the right lower bronchus, right lung consolidation, increased bone density, and signs of rickets such as decreased bone density and changes to the wrist joint.
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Veins transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have three layers and are more distensible than arteries due to less muscle and connective tissue. One-way valves in the veins, especially in the legs, allow blood to flow against gravity back to the heart. Vein disorders include thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and varicose veins caused by altered blood flow and valve problems. Thrombophlebitis is vein inflammation from blood clots caused by stasis, vessel wall damage, and hypercoagulability. Risk factors include surgery, trauma, obesity, and oral contraceptives. Treatment involves anticoagulants, elevation, heat, and sometimes surgery to remove cl
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1) Thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is an inflammation of the arteries and veins causing clots, often linked to cigarette smoking in males and causing leg pain and potential gangrene. Management focuses on stopping disease progression, pain relief, and wound care or amputation.
2) Raynaud's disease is vasospasm causing ischemia of fingers especially, related to serotonin and cold sensitivity, often in smokers and women. Management aims to dilate blood vessels, avoid cold, and stop smoking or use sympathectomy.
3) Varicose veins are incompetent valves in leg veins causing swelling, pain,
Varicose vein
Varicose veins and venous insufficiency manifest in a variety of symptoms ranging from cosmetic issues to severe ulcers. Approximately 23-85% of adults have varicose veins depending on definition. Risk increases with age, family history, prolonged standing, obesity, smoking and other factors. Symptoms include dilated veins, leg edema, skin changes and ulceration. Diagnosis involves duplex ultrasound and other tests. Treatment depends on severity but may include compression stockings, bandages, lifestyle changes and interventions.
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This document discusses pleurisy, which is an inflammation of the pleura (the membranes surrounding the lungs). It describes the normal physiology of the lungs and pleura. Pleurisy occurs when there is an excessive collection of fluid between the pleural layers, known as a pleural effusion, which can impair breathing. Pleural effusions are classified as transudative or exudative based on their characteristics. The document outlines various syndromes associated with pleurisy and methods for diagnosing the condition, including radiological scans. Treatment aims to remove fluid and treat the underlying cause, and may include thoracentesis or antibiotics depending on the cause of the effusion.
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This document discusses clinical features, signs, classifications, complications, and theories of venous disease and varicose veins. Key points include:
- Common symptoms are aching, heaviness, and leg pain that is worsened by standing and improved by elevation.
- Signs include dilated, tortuous subcutaneous veins and complications such as ulceration, eczema, and bleeding.
- Varicose veins are classified clinically, etiologically, anatomically, and pathophysiologically.
- Complications include hemorrhage, dermatitis, ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis.
- Two theories for venous ulcer formation are the fibrin cuff and white cell trapping theories, which involve
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Varicose veins are dilated, swollen leg veins caused by incompetent valves that allow backflow of blood, resulting in venous congestion and enlargement. There are primary varicose veins caused by venous wall weakness and secondary varicose veins caused by other issues like deep vein thrombosis. Risk factors include genetics, age, gender, pregnancy, and obesity. Treatment options range from compression stockings and elevation to sclerotherapy, vein stripping, and laser procedures.
CT Chest: Pleural Thickening
This x-ray shows opacity in the right lower lung zone and pleural thickening on the right side. A CT scan confirms pleural effusion on the right lung with thickening and fibrotic changes in the right middle and lower lobes. Pleural thickening represents the end stage of various inflammatory processes like infection or asbestos exposure, and can cause ventilatory impairment. It appears as a band of soft tissue density parallel to the chest wall, and is seen as homogenous echogenic layer on ultrasound if over 1cm thick.
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Varicose veins is one of the most distressing disorders affecting the lower limbs. It is commonly seen in individuals who stand for prolonged hours thus causing immense pain and discomfort. These days it is also found in individuals who sit for prolonged periods as seen in computer professionals. Proper treatment based on good understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the disease is pivitol for a successful outcome. the presentation outlines the approach to the problem for practitioners
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This document summarizes chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), which occurs when veins cannot pump enough deoxygenated blood back to the heart. CVI mainly affects the legs and can cause varicose veins, spider veins, and reticular veins. The venous system includes deep, superficial, and perforating veins. The great and short saphenous veins are major superficial leg veins. CVI is caused by primary muscle pump failure, venous obstruction, or valvular incompetence. It can lead to complications like ulcers, pigmentation changes, and lipodermatosclerosis. Treatment includes conservative measures, sclerotherapy, and surgical procedures like vein stripping to remove damaged veins.
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Varicose veins are caused by venous insufficiency which occurs when the veins in the legs fail to return blood back to the heart effectively. This causes blood to pool in the legs. Prolonged standing or sitting puts pressure on the veins and valves, weakening them over time. Symptoms include swollen legs, aching, and pain when walking or standing. Risk factors include family history, obesity, pregnancy, lack of exercise, and smoking. Treatment is usually compression stockings which apply pressure to squeeze blood back up the legs and prevent pooling. They come in different styles, lengths and compression levels depending on a person's needs.
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This document provides guidance on evaluating and diagnosing the causes of acute chest pain. It discusses:
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- The clinical history and physical exam are important for determining if the chest pain is characteristic of cardiac ischemia or other potential life-threatening conditions like pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection. Atypical features make cardiac ischemia less likely.
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This x-ray shows opacity in the right lower lung zone and pleural thickening on the right side. A CT scan confirms pleural effusion on the right lung with thickening and fibrotic changes in the right middle and lower lobes. Pleural thickening represents the end stage of various inflammatory processes like infection or asbestos exposure, and can cause ventilatory impairment. It appears as a band of soft tissue density parallel to the chest wall, and is seen as homogenous echogenic layer on ultrasound if over 1cm thick.
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This document discusses various "food signs" in radiology where imaging findings resemble different foods. It provides examples of signs named after fruits like the apple core sign in colon cancer and berry aneurysms. Other signs are named after vegetables, meats, pastas, desserts and dishes. Examples described include the banana sign in neural tube defects, sausage digit in psoriatic arthropathy, and eggshell calcification in lymph nodes. Recognition of these memorable signs aids diagnosis and differential diagnosis. While sometimes fanciful, they improve pattern recognition and radiological interpretation.
Varicose veins:A never ending problem if mistreated!
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Starting with pleural anatomy and physiology the presentation is intended to give an easy approach to understanding of pleural effusion, hemothorax, pneumothorax and malignant mesothelioma.
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Varicose veins are caused by venous insufficiency which occurs when the veins in the legs fail to return blood back to the heart effectively. This causes blood to pool in the legs. Prolonged standing or sitting puts pressure on the veins and valves, weakening them over time. Symptoms include swollen legs, aching, and pain when walking or standing. Risk factors include family history, obesity, pregnancy, lack of exercise, and smoking. Treatment is usually compression stockings which apply pressure to squeeze blood back up the legs and prevent pooling. They come in different styles, lengths and compression levels depending on a person's needs.
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The document summarizes the anatomy of the venous system in the lower limb. It describes the three main components: deep veins, superficial veins, and perforating veins. The major superficial veins are the long and short saphenous veins. The long saphenous vein runs from the foot up the leg and thigh, draining into the femoral vein. It has numerous tributaries along its path. The short saphenous vein drains the back of the calf and popliteal fossa, joining the popliteal vein. Perforating veins connect the superficial and deep systems to allow for bidirectional flow of blood.
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Varicose veins:A never ending problem if mistreated!
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Similar to What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
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This document provides guidance on evaluating adults presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. It discusses the differential diagnosis for chest pain, which can be caused by conditions affecting the heart, lungs, esophagus or other organs. The most common causes are acute coronary syndrome (15-30% of cases) and aortic dissection. It emphasizes obtaining a detailed history of the chest pain characteristics and risk factors. Features like sudden onset, severity, radiation of pain and associated symptoms can help determine if life-threatening conditions like pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection are possible. A focused physical exam and diagnostic testing are also recommended to identify the underlying cause.
Evaluation of the adult chest pain in emergency department
Evaluation of the adult with chest pain in the emergency department is a big challenge and this presentation is very useful to know the major cause of chest pain and approach them
Abdominal rigidity
Adding more information (description, tags, category) makes it easier for others to find your content. The score increases as you add each item.
ACUTE ABDOMEN-PE.pptx
Around 7-10% of emergency department visits are for abdominal pain. A thorough history and physical exam are important for diagnosing the cause, which could include conditions like appendicitis, diverticulitis, or bowel obstruction. The physical exam involves inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation looking for signs of tenderness, guarding, rebound tenderness, or masses. Complications if not treated could include infections, necrosis, fistula, or even death. An accurate diagnosis is important as misdiagnosis increases mortality rates.
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This document provides information on evaluating gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms and complaints. It begins by outlining the steps to take in a GIT history, including collecting personal data, details of main complaints, and reviewing other symptoms. It then discusses analyzing the main complaints in more detail and performing a systemic review. Various GIT symptoms such as anorexia, weight loss, and abdominal pain are also defined. Pain characteristics like location, onset, character, radiation, timing, exacerbating/relieving factors and severity are examined to help determine potential causes.
Approach to a patient with chest pain
This document discusses the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain. It notes that chest pain is a common reason for medical attention and may be caused by cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, chest wall or psychological conditions. The history, physical exam, electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers can help diagnose causes like acute coronary syndrome, pericarditis, pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. Serial cardiac troponin testing can distinguish between unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The document provides details on symptoms and exam findings for various conditions that can cause chest pain.
Approach to the patient with chest pain
This document provides guidance on evaluating and diagnosing the causes of acute chest pain. It discusses:
- Myocardial ischemia/infarction and coronary artery disease are the most common serious causes of chest pain, but other cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and psychiatric conditions can also cause chest pain.
- The clinical history and physical exam are important for determining if the chest pain is characteristic of cardiac ischemia or other potential life-threatening conditions like pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection. Atypical features make cardiac ischemia less likely.
- The initial evaluation of a patient with chest pain should assess clinical stability, immediate prognosis, and whether outpatient management or further testing is warranted based on cardiac
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An aneurysm is a localized sac or dilation formed at a weak point in the wall of the aorta. Aneurysms can enlarge and produce complications by compressing surrounding structures. There are different types of aneurysms including saccular, fusiform, and berry aneurysms which vary in shape and size. Common causes of aneurysms include atherosclerosis, infections, trauma, and hereditary conditions like Marfan syndrome. Symptoms depend on the location but may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pulse abnormalities. Diagnosis is often by imaging tests and treatment depends on the size and type but may include surgery to repair or replace the damaged vessel.
Chest Pain
This document provides information about chest pain, including its definition, common causes, symptoms, and guidelines for patient care. Chest pain can be caused by issues with the heart, lungs, esophagus, or other organs in the chest cavity. The physical examination and diagnostic tests are aimed at evaluating the chest, heart, and lungs to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment for the patient's chest pain.
Abdominal Pain Intestines
The document discusses different types of abdominal pain based on location and cause. It describes the common symptoms, signs, and diagnostic tests for evaluating abdominal pain. The most common causes of acute abdominal pain are appendicitis, acute diverticulitis, perforation of an ulcer, and intestinal obstruction. Common causes of chronic abdominal pain include irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and duodenal ulcer. A thorough history, physical exam, and diagnostic testing are required to determine the underlying cause of abdominal pain.
Abdominal Trauma.ppt
This document discusses abdominal trauma, including common causes, mechanisms of injury, signs and symptoms, and types of abdominal injuries. It focuses on injuries to the liver and spleen from blunt trauma. Liver injuries can range from superficial lacerations to severe vascular damage, often causing profuse bleeding. While traditionally treated with surgery, many liver injuries can now be managed non-operatively. Splenic injuries also often result from blunt trauma and may cause referred pain to the left shoulder. Proper assessment of abdominal trauma requires understanding the mechanism of injury and potential concurrent injuries.
Clinical features of intestinal obstruction
The document summarizes key features of intestinal obstruction. It describes cardinal symptoms including pain, vomiting, distension and constipation. Pain patterns differ by location and duration of obstruction. Proximal obstructions cause more vomiting, while distal causes less. Strangulation requires urgent surgery due to constant severe pain and peritonism. Intussusception presents as episodes of pain in infants. Caecal and sigmoid volvulus present as acute large bowel obstruction and distension.
Aneurysm
An aneurysm is a localized bulging or dilation of the wall of a blood vessel. They are caused by a weakened blood vessel wall and risk factors include smoking, hypertension, genetics, and age. Aneurysms are classified based on size, shape, location, and cause. Treatment depends on the type and risk of rupture but may involve medication to control blood pressure, surgical clipping or endovascular coiling to repair the aneurysm, and postoperative nursing care like monitoring for infection or bleeding. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent aneurysm formation.
Oxygen Deprivation
Lung compression or chest trauma can cause several complications including pneumothorax, hemothorax, and flail chest. Pneumothorax involves air in the pleural space collapsing part or all of the lung. Hemothorax is a collection of blood in the pleural cavity. Flail chest occurs when multiple ribs are broken, detaching a segment of the chest wall. Nursing management focuses on stabilizing the patient, draining fluid or air from the chest, controlling pain, and supporting ventilation as needed.
Cardiac assessment
This document provides information on various types of chest pain and their characteristics. It discusses:
- The location, duration, precipitating/relieving factors, and associated symptoms of angina, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, gastrointestinal issues like peptic ulcer disease, and other potential causes.
- Descriptions of arrhythmias like premature ventricular contractions and their symptoms. Causes and presentations of cardiac arrest are also outlined.
- Details on performing a physical exam for signs of heart failure like edema, jugular vein distension, and orthopnea. Assessment of vital signs including orthostatic blood pressure changes is described.
Certain Gastrointestinal Disorders Can Be Life Threatening And Require Emerge...
Certain gastrointestinal disorders like abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal abscesses can require emergency surgery. Doctors must quickly determine if surgery is needed to identify and treat the underlying problem. Abdominal abscesses in particular cause pain and other symptoms depending on their location, and are usually diagnosed using imaging tests before being treated by draining pus and antibiotics. Abdominal hernias, which cause bulging but little pain, are also common and usually repaired through elective surgery to prevent potential incarceration or strangulation of intestine tissue.
Certain Gastrointestinal Disorders Can Be Life Threatening And Require Emerge...
Certain gastrointestinal disorders like abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal abscesses can require emergency surgery. Doctors must quickly determine if surgery is needed to identify and treat the underlying problem. Abdominal abscesses in particular cause pain and other symptoms depending on their location, and are usually diagnosed using imaging tests before being treated by draining pus and antibiotics. Abdominal hernias, which cause bulging but little pain, are also common and usually repaired through elective surgery to prevent potential incarceration or strangulation of intestine tissue.
Kin 191 B – Abdomen And Thorax Injuries
This document summarizes various injuries and conditions related to the upper extremities, thorax, abdomen, and reproductive systems. It describes injuries such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, liver and splenic injuries, as well as conditions like kidney stones, appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and testicular torsion. Signs, symptoms, risk factors, and treatments are outlined for each pathology.
100 clinical cases
Angina pectoris is transient chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest or nitrates. It is commonly caused by coronary artery atherosclerosis and is associated with risk factors like smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. The pain is typically described as tightness or crushing in the central chest, lasts less than 20 minutes, and is precipitated by exercise, food, stress, cold temperatures, or during REM sleep. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms and ECG changes showing ST segment depression during episodes of chest pain. Treatment involves risk factor modification, nitrates for acute episodes, and prophylactic medications like nitrates, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers.
Similar to What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm? (20)
Evaluation of the adult chest pain in emergency department
Evaluation of the adult chest pain in emergency department
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Certain Gastrointestinal Disorders Can Be Life Threatening And Require Emerge...
Certain Gastrointestinal Disorders Can Be Life Threatening And Require Emerge...
Certain Gastrointestinal Disorders Can Be Life Threatening And Require Emerge...
Certain Gastrointestinal Disorders Can Be Life Threatening And Require Emerge...
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Heart attack or Myocardial Infarction (MI) is another form of presentation. While angina is almost completely reversible, MI threatens permanent myocardial damage.
Chambers Of The Human Heart
The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles, with the atria having thinner walls than the thicker, more muscular ventricles. The atria receive blood which is then pumped out by the ventricles, with the two sides of the heart separated by the interatrial septum dividing the atria and the interventricular septum dividing the ventricles.
Exercise After Heart Operation
Exercise is not recommended immediately after heart surgery. The goal in the first two weeks is to walk indoors for 10 minutes 2-3 times per day and do light stretching and breathing exercises as prescribed by the doctor. By two weeks, pain and discomfort should be reduced significantly allowing the body to naturally determine how much exercise can be done.
What about long term life style modification
This is a very important aspect of long term prevention especially in case of Coronary artery disease.
What To Expect After Heart Operation During First Few Weeks?
The following are common, after the heart operation during first few weeks-
- Tiredness
- Reduced Appetite
- Pain
- Sleeplessness
- Swelling Of Legs
- Sore Throat
- Numbness
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What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
- 3. Symptoms of aortic aneurysm vary depending on the site of the disease. Stretch on the aortic wall can cause pain usually of dull and aching variety. Due to the mass effect, it can exert pressure on the neighboring structures. At the ascending aorta dyspnea and chest pain can occur. At the arch and proximal descending aorta patients can have difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), difficulty in breathing or change in voice due to compression on the nerve (recurrent laryngeal nerve).
- 4. In the abdomen symptoms can be confusing – from mild abdominal pain, colicky pain, burning micturition and low backache to jaundice and bleeding. Some patients notice prominent pulsating swelling in the abdomen.
- 5. When aneurysm is large and threatening to rupture, pain may be more severe. It may present with abdominal or back pain.
- 6. Rupture is associated with excruciating back or abdominal pain. Deterioration can be rapid due to blood loss into peritoneum or chest cavity.
- 7. Aneurysm close to intestines can erode into them and rupture (Aorto-enteric fistula). This is a very serious complication and treatment is difficult with poor prognosis in spite of timely surgery.
Editor's Notes
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved
- © 2019 Heart and Aorta All Rights Reserved