What are the basic components of the conceptual framework? What are your opinion about the
success of the conceptual framework
Solution
Conceptual Framework Underlying Financial Accounting
The development of accounting standards or any other accounting guidelines need a foundation
of underlying principles. In July 1989, The International Accounting Standards Committee
(IASC) issued a \"Conceptual Framework\" to serve as a basis for accounting standards. The
Accounting Standards Board of the ICAI has issued a similar framework for same purpose in
July 2000. This framework serves as a constitution and provides the fundamental basis for
development of new accounting standards as also for review of existing standards. The principle
areas covered by the framework are as follows:
Components of financial statements
>Balance sheet
>Profit & Loss A/c
>Cash Flow Statement
>Notes & Schedules to Accounts
Objectives of Financial Statements:
Objectives require financial statements to show the results of business operations and
stewardship or accountability of the management in respect of resources entrusted to it, to the
diversified stakeholders of the business.
Assumptions Underlying Financial statements:
Three fundamental accounting assumptions are as follows:
>Going Concern
>Consistency
>Accrual
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Statements:
>Understandability
>Relevance
>Reliability
>Comparability
>True & Fair View
Elements of Financial Statements:
The five financial elements are assets, Liabilities, Equity, Income/Gains, and Expenses/losses.
Principles of Measurement of Financial Statements:
Measurement is the process of determining money value at which an element can be recognised
in the balance Sheet or statement of profit or loss. The framework recognises four alternative
bases for the purpose. These bases relate explicitly to the valuation of assets and liabilities. In
preparation of financial statements, all or any of the below can be used in varying combinations
to assign money values to financial items:
(a) Historical Values
(b) Current Cost
(c) Realisable(Settlement) Value and
(d) Present Value
PURPOSE OF THE FRAMEWORK
The framework sets out the concepts underlying the preparation and presentation of general
purpose financial statements prepared by enterprises for external users.
The main purpose of the framework is:
(a). To assists enterprises in preparation of their financial statements in compliance with the
accounting standard and in dealing with the topics not yet covered by any accounting standard.
(b). To assists ASB in its task of development and review of accounting standards.
(c). To assists ASB in promoting harmonisation of regulations, accounting standards and
procedures relating to the preparation and presentation of financial statement by providing a
basis for reducing the number of alternative accounting treatments permitted by accounting
standards.
(d). To assists auditors in forming an opinion as to whether financial sta.
The Conceptual Framework was issued by the IASB in September 2010. It superseded the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. For details visit http://www.helpwithassignment.com/
When you need help for your online homework, you need professional experts and a dedicated organization to provide you with the best online assignment solutions which you can get at http://www.helpwithassignment.com/
Rodel S. Navarro Business and Management Consultant and Director RODEL SY NAVARRO BUSINESS CONSULTANCY SERVICES (RSNBCS) Tel / Mobile: +63-0917-7333563 Email: rsnbcs@gmail.com http://www.slideshare.net/RSNBCS (About Business Laws compilation): http://www.slideshare.net/BUSINESSLAWSPH Email: businesslawsph@gmail.com
Finance for non finance for employee, business man and corporatete Bibek Prajapati
The ability to effectively read financial reports and data is crucial to the
processes of day-to-day management, strategic planning and
decision-making in any firm.
-The proper understanding of the various
financial concepts and instruments and their implications to the firm’s
health and performance in the market place are indispensable for
managers who typically come from various functions within the firm.
-The comprehensive program of Finance for Non-Finance Managers
has been carefully designed to meet the needs of executives and
managers who come from nonfinancial backgrounds across the
corporate landscape.
-The two-staged program provides theparticipants with a comprehensive understanding of key financial principles and practices and empowers them with the tools to effectively interpret and use financial data in the decision-making process in their respective functions of sales, marketing or planning.
Meaning/ WHY
Benefits
Key Personal Responsibility
Type of business
Financial planning
Three principle of corporate Finance
Why Financial Accounting
Fundamentals of Financial Accounting
Procedural Aspects of Accounting
Objectives of accounting
Function of Accounting
Accounting – Classification
Difference between Management Accounting and Financial Accounting
Bookkeeping &Process of accounting
Steps/Phases of Accounting Cycle
User of accounting Information
BASIC ACCOUNTING TERMS
Types of Accounts
Accounting Equation
ACCRUAL BASIS AND CASH BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
CAPITAL AND REVENUE TRANSACTIONS
Cost Accounting meaning , objective
ROLE OF A COST ACCOUNTANT IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION
COST CONCEPT, TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION
Cost centre and cost unit
ELEMENTS OF COST
CLASSIFICATION OF COST
TYPES / TECHNIQUES OF COSTING
METHODS OF COSTING & THEIR APPLICABILITY
COGS, INVENTRY
Capacity
Budget
Corporate objective
Cost control and variance
Standard costing
Cash flow statement
Annual Report
Ratio analysisis
Capital Budgeting
Risk and Return
Regulators
Constitutional Aspects of Taxation by the Union and States
Financial Relations between the
Union and the States
Indirect Taxes : Union and the States
Taxation by the Union and the States
REVENUE ADMINISTRATION
Gst
Existing Indirect Tax System
ACTIVE INTERFACE WITH IT SYSTEMS
INCOME TAX LAW : AN INTRODUCTION
Income-tax Act
The Finance Act
CONCEPT OF INCOME
Stapes of TOTAL INCOME AND TAX PAYABLE
Deductions from Gross Total Income
RETURN OF INCOME
Generally accepted accounting principlessanjoygiri
Introduction of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: These widely accepted accounting principles that are generally recognized by almost all the persons associated with accounting along with representation of accepted accounting practices are known as ” Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”.
It is the summation of all theories, doctrine, conventions, or principles closely related to the accounting which got global recognition.
The Conceptual Framework was issued by the IASB in September 2010. It superseded the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. For details visit http://www.helpwithassignment.com/
When you need help for your online homework, you need professional experts and a dedicated organization to provide you with the best online assignment solutions which you can get at http://www.helpwithassignment.com/
Rodel S. Navarro Business and Management Consultant and Director RODEL SY NAVARRO BUSINESS CONSULTANCY SERVICES (RSNBCS) Tel / Mobile: +63-0917-7333563 Email: rsnbcs@gmail.com http://www.slideshare.net/RSNBCS (About Business Laws compilation): http://www.slideshare.net/BUSINESSLAWSPH Email: businesslawsph@gmail.com
Finance for non finance for employee, business man and corporatete Bibek Prajapati
The ability to effectively read financial reports and data is crucial to the
processes of day-to-day management, strategic planning and
decision-making in any firm.
-The proper understanding of the various
financial concepts and instruments and their implications to the firm’s
health and performance in the market place are indispensable for
managers who typically come from various functions within the firm.
-The comprehensive program of Finance for Non-Finance Managers
has been carefully designed to meet the needs of executives and
managers who come from nonfinancial backgrounds across the
corporate landscape.
-The two-staged program provides theparticipants with a comprehensive understanding of key financial principles and practices and empowers them with the tools to effectively interpret and use financial data in the decision-making process in their respective functions of sales, marketing or planning.
Meaning/ WHY
Benefits
Key Personal Responsibility
Type of business
Financial planning
Three principle of corporate Finance
Why Financial Accounting
Fundamentals of Financial Accounting
Procedural Aspects of Accounting
Objectives of accounting
Function of Accounting
Accounting – Classification
Difference between Management Accounting and Financial Accounting
Bookkeeping &Process of accounting
Steps/Phases of Accounting Cycle
User of accounting Information
BASIC ACCOUNTING TERMS
Types of Accounts
Accounting Equation
ACCRUAL BASIS AND CASH BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
CAPITAL AND REVENUE TRANSACTIONS
Cost Accounting meaning , objective
ROLE OF A COST ACCOUNTANT IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION
COST CONCEPT, TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION
Cost centre and cost unit
ELEMENTS OF COST
CLASSIFICATION OF COST
TYPES / TECHNIQUES OF COSTING
METHODS OF COSTING & THEIR APPLICABILITY
COGS, INVENTRY
Capacity
Budget
Corporate objective
Cost control and variance
Standard costing
Cash flow statement
Annual Report
Ratio analysisis
Capital Budgeting
Risk and Return
Regulators
Constitutional Aspects of Taxation by the Union and States
Financial Relations between the
Union and the States
Indirect Taxes : Union and the States
Taxation by the Union and the States
REVENUE ADMINISTRATION
Gst
Existing Indirect Tax System
ACTIVE INTERFACE WITH IT SYSTEMS
INCOME TAX LAW : AN INTRODUCTION
Income-tax Act
The Finance Act
CONCEPT OF INCOME
Stapes of TOTAL INCOME AND TAX PAYABLE
Deductions from Gross Total Income
RETURN OF INCOME
Generally accepted accounting principlessanjoygiri
Introduction of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: These widely accepted accounting principles that are generally recognized by almost all the persons associated with accounting along with representation of accepted accounting practices are known as ” Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”.
It is the summation of all theories, doctrine, conventions, or principles closely related to the accounting which got global recognition.
Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
FFA- Statement of Schedule of Changes in Working Capitaluma reur
Statement Of Schedule Of Changes In Working Capital
This statement is prepared with the help of current assets and current liabilities relating to two different periods.
An increase or decrease in respect of each of such items should be recorded to ascertain the net increase or decrease in the working capital.
An increase in the value of current assets between two different periods indicates an increase in the working capital. It is an application of funds.
An increase in the value of current liabilities between two different periods indicates decrease in the working capital. It is sources of funds.
What are the similarities and differences between the major politica.pdfanaxeetech
What are the similarities and differences between the major political, economic, and social
developments in the first half of the twentieth century and those in the second half of the
century?
Solution
Similarities: There were some similarities between the first half and second half of twentieth
century. In both times, world economy was chacterised by the fluctuations and there was tug of
war for usurping the political power. In both time whole world was divided between the two
parts. Both times, world leader were seeking to establish the peace and tranquilities.
Differences: In the second half, unlike the first half, many countries got freedom from
colonialism and they started fight for equal status in the international arena. Social and economic
development got the preference over the colonialism. World was divided in the two blocks one
being represented by the USSR and another by USA. Both blocks were giving many incentives
to enlist the support of developing countries..
What are the properties of a normal distribution Why there are an i.pdfanaxeetech
What are the properties of a normal distribution? Why there are an infinite number of normal
distributions? Do you want to assume that your sample data represent a population distribution?
Solution
Properties: Function f(x) is unimodal and symmetric around the point x = µ, which
is at the same time the mode, the median and the mean of the distribution.[8] The inflection
points of the curve occur one standard deviation away from the mean (i.e., at x = µ - s and x = µ
+ s).[8] Function f(x) is log-concave.[8] The standard normal density ?(x) is an eigenfunction of
the Fourier transform. The function is supersmooth of order 2, implying that it is infinitely
differentiable.[9] The first derivative of ?(x) is ?\'(x) = -x·?(x); the second derivative is ?\'\'(x) =
(x2 - 1)?(x). More generally, the n-th derivative is given by ?(n)(x) = (-1)nHn(x)?(x), where Hn
is the Hermite polynomial of order n.[10] When s2 = 0, the density function doesn\'t exist.
However a generalized function that defines a measure on the real line, and it can be used to
calculate, for example, expected value is where d(x) is the Dirac delta function which is equal to
infinity at x = 0 and is zero elsewhere. The normal distribution is a continuous distribution
defined by two parameters, the mean and the variance. since the variance can be any positive
value and the mean can be any real value there are infinitely many different values for the mean
and for the variance..
More Related Content
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Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
Knowledge level icab class lectures
FFA- Statement of Schedule of Changes in Working Capitaluma reur
Statement Of Schedule Of Changes In Working Capital
This statement is prepared with the help of current assets and current liabilities relating to two different periods.
An increase or decrease in respect of each of such items should be recorded to ascertain the net increase or decrease in the working capital.
An increase in the value of current assets between two different periods indicates an increase in the working capital. It is an application of funds.
An increase in the value of current liabilities between two different periods indicates decrease in the working capital. It is sources of funds.
What are the similarities and differences between the major politica.pdfanaxeetech
What are the similarities and differences between the major political, economic, and social
developments in the first half of the twentieth century and those in the second half of the
century?
Solution
Similarities: There were some similarities between the first half and second half of twentieth
century. In both times, world economy was chacterised by the fluctuations and there was tug of
war for usurping the political power. In both time whole world was divided between the two
parts. Both times, world leader were seeking to establish the peace and tranquilities.
Differences: In the second half, unlike the first half, many countries got freedom from
colonialism and they started fight for equal status in the international arena. Social and economic
development got the preference over the colonialism. World was divided in the two blocks one
being represented by the USSR and another by USA. Both blocks were giving many incentives
to enlist the support of developing countries..
What are the properties of a normal distribution Why there are an i.pdfanaxeetech
What are the properties of a normal distribution? Why there are an infinite number of normal
distributions? Do you want to assume that your sample data represent a population distribution?
Solution
Properties: Function f(x) is unimodal and symmetric around the point x = µ, which
is at the same time the mode, the median and the mean of the distribution.[8] The inflection
points of the curve occur one standard deviation away from the mean (i.e., at x = µ - s and x = µ
+ s).[8] Function f(x) is log-concave.[8] The standard normal density ?(x) is an eigenfunction of
the Fourier transform. The function is supersmooth of order 2, implying that it is infinitely
differentiable.[9] The first derivative of ?(x) is ?\'(x) = -x·?(x); the second derivative is ?\'\'(x) =
(x2 - 1)?(x). More generally, the n-th derivative is given by ?(n)(x) = (-1)nHn(x)?(x), where Hn
is the Hermite polynomial of order n.[10] When s2 = 0, the density function doesn\'t exist.
However a generalized function that defines a measure on the real line, and it can be used to
calculate, for example, expected value is where d(x) is the Dirac delta function which is equal to
infinity at x = 0 and is zero elsewhere. The normal distribution is a continuous distribution
defined by two parameters, the mean and the variance. since the variance can be any positive
value and the mean can be any real value there are infinitely many different values for the mean
and for the variance..
What are the revenue classifications of the U.S. based for-hire air .pdfanaxeetech
What are the revenue classifications of the U.S. based for-hire air carriers? Define and describe
at least two of these classifications with examples.
Solution
of Airline Certification
U.S. scheduled airlines are classified by the government on the basis of the amount of revenue
generated from operations. These classifications are major, national and regional.
All airlines hold two certificates from the federal government: a fitness certificate and an
operating certificate. The Department of Transportation (DOT) issues fitness certificates - called
certificates of public convenience and necessity - under it\'s statutory authority. Basically, the
certificate establishes that the carrier has the financing and the management in place to provide
scheduled service. The certificate typically authorizes both passenger and cargo service. Some
airlines, however, obtain only cargo-service authority. Commuter airlines that use aircraft with a
seating capacity of 60 or fewer seats or a maximum payload capacity of no more than 18,000
pounds can operate under the alternative authority of Part 298 of DOT\'s economic regulations.
Operating certificates, on the other hand, are issued by the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) under Part 121 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs), which spell out numerous
requirements for operating aircraft with 10 or more seats. The requirements cover such things as
the training of flight crews and aircraft maintenance programs. All majors, nationals and
regional\'s operate with a Part 121 certificate.
Majors
Major airlines generate operating revenues of more than $1 billion annually. Previously called
trunk carriers, they generally provide nationwide, and in some cases, worldwide service. There
are many major U.S. passenger airlines such as: Alaska, American, American Eagle, Continental,
Delta, Northwest, Southwest, United and US Airways. In addition, some cargo airlines are
classified as majors like: FedEx and United Parcel Service.
Nationals
National carriers are scheduled airlines with annual operating revenues between $100 million
and $1 billion. Many of the airlines in this category serve particular regions of the country,
although some provide long-haul and even international service. Among the nationals are some
of the former local service lines that, prior to deregulation, were licensed by the Civil
Aeronautics Board (CAB) to operate between major cities and smaller communities surrounding
them. Also in this category are some of the former supplemental carriers, previously licensed by
the CAB to operate unscheduled charter service, which supplemented the capacity of the trunk
carriers.
Like the majors, nationals operate mostly medium- and large-sized jets. They are subject to DOT
fitness requirements, as well as the FAA Part 121 operating requirements. Some of the nationals
you may have heard of in the past include companies like Aloha, Atlas Air, Emery Worldwide,
Evergreen, Hawaiian, Midwest Express and Polar .
What are the requirements that must be met before the Kruskal-Wallis.pdfanaxeetech
What are the requirements that must be met before the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of
variance by ranks test can be applied?
Solution
there are foolwing limitations and assumptions for this method Limitations: Only
oneindependent variable Assumptions: Samples are randomly selected. Samples are
representative of the populations. Samples are independent of one another. The original variable
that was measured was a continuousrandom variable (this assumption is often violated – no idea
if that’s OK or not, but Sheskin does not seem to think it is a big deal). The distributions of the
populations are identical in shape. i hope it would help you.
What are the psychometric properties of The MBTI for bulimia and or.pdfanaxeetech
What are the psychometric properties of The MBTI for bulimia and /or eating disorders?
Solution
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®) instrument is a questionnaire
designed to make Jung’s ideas about psychological type useful in everyday life. It identifies a
person’s four basic type preferences that combine into one of 16 different personality types.
These results help you understand normal differences in the way people think, communicate, and
interact—differences that can be the source of much misunderstanding. The MBTI instrument
has been used for more than 50 years to establish greater understanding between individuals, and
has been translated into more than 15 different languages for use around the world. Research
conducted on the MBTI tool has shown that the results it provides are reliable and valid. The
MBTI tool’s reliability statistics are excellent, and its validity has been firmly established in
hundreds of separate studies. Reliability refers to whether the results are consistent: Do people
tend to reply to the items in the same way when they take the test later, and do they tend to get
the same type? Can you count on the results? Validity refers to the instrument’s ability to
measure psychological type and apply Jung’s theory. Technical information on the research and
psychometric properties underlying the instrument are published in the MBTI® Manual and in
other scientific publications..
What are the pros and cons of an intranet-based performance manageme.pdfanaxeetech
What are the pros and cons of an intranet-based performance management system compared to a
paper based system?
Solution
Pros of an intranet based management system: 1. Information can be transmitted at a very fast
rate. Almost instantly. 2. Mobility of data and information. A person sitting in the UK office can
access files on the intranet from the US office. 3. Real-time updates can be sent to employees at
various locations globally 4. Company can achieve the go-green initiative by using less paper so
it is environmental friendly Cons of an intranet based management system: 1. Information can
be misused as it is so easily available 2. Cyber crime can be a threat to the organization 3. Cost
of implementing the intranet is high as compared to a paper based management system 4.
Flexibility can be a concern if people cannot easily adapt to the intranet system.
what are the privacy and security issues of using CHINS-community he.pdfanaxeetech
what are the privacy and security issues of using CHINS-community health information network.
how we can solve these issues. provide articles.
Solution
?The application of CHINs in the implementation of disease management programmes has many
benefits including shared data, internal communication, external communication, value-added
applications, bonding and marketing presence. However, there are also problems and pitfalls of
an architectural and `emotional\' nature.
Source: Francois M.H.M. Dupuits(Maastricht University, Department of Family Medicine,
Maastricht, The Netherlands)
The Congress Office of Technology Assessment reported,.
What are the phases of SDLC Please select one of the SDLC phases an.pdfanaxeetech
What are the phases of SDLC? Please select one of the SDLC phases and describe it. What
should be accomplished in that phase?
Solution
Phases of SLDC (Software Development Life Cycle):
Let us describe “Requirement gathering and analysis” Phase of SLDC
Basically this is the start phase to gather and understand the business requirement. The main
focus to meet the client and focus of project managers is to engage the stakeholders. Meeting
with Stakeholders will help to determine the requirements such as who is going to use the
system? How will they use the system? What data should be input into the system? What data
should be output by the system? These are general questions that get answered during a
requirements gathering phase. Basically requirement is listed and scope of project is prepared.
An Action plan is prepared to create timelines and process management..
What are the political and legal issues of South Africa. For instanc.pdfanaxeetech
What are the political and legal issues of South Africa. For instance the stability of the
government, legal issues of concern to four business, etc.
Solution
SOuth Africa is a growing nation with a long way to go. Though many polcies have been enacted
for socio economic prosperity, there are still many issues that serves as hurdle for economic
growth..
what are the primary differences between investor-owned and not for .pdfanaxeetech
what are the primary differences between investor-owned and not for profit corporations?
Solution
Investor owned corporation Not for profit organisation Owner Owned by the
shareholders Are not owned by shareholders Tax Corporations pay tax on the income Can
be tax expempt if are qualified. Objective The main objective is to maximize the wealth of
the shareholders The main objective is for the not maximize the wealth of the shareholders since
it does not have the shareholders but is pulic welfare Wind up At the time of windup the left
over assets are used to clear the debts and to pay the shareholders In the case of windup the
assets are used for the charitable purpose.
What are the policies usually advocated by supply side economics Ho.pdfanaxeetech
What are the policies usually advocated by supply side economics? How do they justify these
proposals?
Solution
Keynesian believes that consumers and their demand for goods and services are key economic
drivers, while a supply-sider believes that producers and their willingness to create goods and
services set the pace of economic growth.
Supply-side claims that demand is largely irrelevant. It says that over-production and under-
production are not sustainable phenomena. Supply-siders argue that when companies temporarily
\"over-produce,\" excess inventory will be created, prices will subsequently fall and consumers
will increase their purchases to offset the excess supply..
What are the five conditions necessary for the binomial distribution.pdfanaxeetech
What are the five conditions necessary for the binomial distribution to be appropriate
Solution
1) a fixed number of trails
2)each trail is independent of others
3)there are only two outcomes
4)the probability of each outcome remains constant from trail to trail.
What are the primary causes of job dissatisfactionSolutionThe.pdfanaxeetech
What are the primary causes of job dissatisfaction?
Solution
There are many people who are not happy with their jobs. Meaning they are not satisfied with
what they do day in and day out. Reasons can be many as different people will have a different
say about it. However, we can discuss the primary and common reasons or causes of job
dissatisfaction:.
What are the five pillars of faith Solution1) Shahadah2) .pdfanaxeetech
What are the five pillars of faith
Solution
1) Shahadah
2) Salah
3) Zakat
4) Sawm during Ramadan
5) Hajj
In Sunni Islam, theFive Pillars of Islam is the term given tothe five duties incumbent on every
Muslim. These duties areShahada (Profession ofFaith), Salat (Prayers), Zakat (Givingof Alms),
Sawm (Fastingduring Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage toMecca). These fivepractices are
essential to Sunni Islam;Shi\'a Muslimssubscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially
overlapwith the five Pillars.[1]Twelvers have fivefundamentalbeliefs which relates to Aqidah.[2].
What are the opportunities and threats facing Whole Foods Inc.S.pdfanaxeetech
What are the opportunities and threats facing Whole Foods Inc.?
Solution
In 1980 twenty-five year old college dropout John Mackey and twenty-one year old Rene
Lawson Hardy created the Whole Food Company (WFC) in Austin, Texas. It was born with the
idea to provide a grocery store featuring good, wholesome food; not a \"health food\" store filled
with pills and potions. Sales doubled each year for the first four years.
Opportunities.
what are the disadvantages of joint ventureswhat are the dis.pdfanaxeetech
what are the disadvantages of joint ventures
what are the disadvantages of joint ventures
what are the disadvantages of joint ventures
Solution
A joint venture (JV) is a business arrangement by which, two or more entities make an
arrangement by which they share assets, expertise & technology to execute a particular business
venture. The parties to a JV share the liabilities and profits together.
A JV can be a short-term arrangement, made to cater to a specific project only.
However, there may be some disadvantages to a JV, as follows.
1) A cross-country JV has the main issue of cultural difference. It is often difficult for partner
entities from different countries with different cultures, to operate efficiently enough as to create
positive synergy.
2) The goals and objectives of the JV partners may not agree, which may create a friction &
conflict of interest going ahead.
3) Efficient sharing of responsibilities is a pivotal aspect in a JV, in absence of which, the
arrangement may collapse.
4) A JV works best in presence of perfect communication flow with no barriers, which is rarely
achieved in real life.
5) Sharing of resource may be uneven, or perceived to be sub-optimal, by one or more of the
partners.
6) A final disadvantage of a JV is the dispute resolution process. Due to shared responsibilities,
authorities and functioning, a conflict is more difficult to get resolved, since its resolution
depends on multiple levels and locations of the JV organization hierarchy..
What are the methods of conducting trade SolutionA business m.pdfanaxeetech
What are the methods of conducting trade ?
Solution
A business may conduct international trade using following channels and methods:
(1) Direct Trade
The company directly exposts its goods and services to other countries, and imports products &
services from other countries.
(2) Licensing.
A company (X) grants another company (Y) in another country, to produce and sell X\'s
products, a license to Y against a fee/royalty that Y should pay to X. Such licensing agreement
may cover not only goods and services, but other intangibles like technology, copyright or
patents.
(3) Management Contracts
These are contracts between two companies in different countries through which one company
provides technical expertise or management expertise to another company.
(4) Turnkey Projects
One company (X) lends its resources and expertise to another company from other country (Y),
in helping Y start and build new projects, from the basic planning & design stage, to the final
execution stage. In exchange for this, Y pays a fee to X.
(5) Joint Ventures (JV)
This involves joint collaboration between 2 companies in different countries. It includes mutual
sharing of all resources, including technical, financial and managerial expertise sharing. This
form of trade includes sharing of both risks and rewards.
(6) Wholly Owned Subsidiary
This is the final form of trade where, a company sets up a fully-owned unit in another country.
The parent company owns the subsidiary and controls it. This ensures maximum profit to the
parent company, however, country-specific laws and political scenarios pose certain risks in such
multy-country operations..
What are the main changes in this current global marketHow do you.pdfanaxeetech
What are the main changes in this current global market?
How do you define a global manager?
What are the main responsibilities of a global manager?
Solution
Answer1
Economics differentiates four major market structures: perfect competition, monopoly,oligopoly
and monopolistic competition. If we evaluate the changeswhich occurred in the last part of the
twentieth century, we can clearly see a drasticmetamorphosis in the globalised markets: two of
the above mentioned market structuresare losing ground while one of them is definitely coming
into the forefront. First let ushave a look at the losers!
- Perfect competition is in the process of fading out. The decrease of its importance can be traced
back to two reasons: firstly sectors traditionally characterized by perfectcompetition are losing
their share in the economy; secondly companies operating inthese industries to gain competitive
advantage are trying to differentiate their offerings,even if they seemed to be rather homogenous
in the past, from those of their competitors. If the majority of them succeed the competition is
gradually transforminginto a form of imperfect competition. It is worthwhile to mention that it
was Levitt whofirst drew attention to the importance of differentiation.
- The share and importance of monopolies is also decreasing. In democratic societiesthere is a
great pressure on government regulation to abolish monopolies, to deregulate,and liberalise these
industries. The banking system, most of the mass transportation, and basic utilities have already
been deregulated, and monopolies still functioning are setunder strong societal control
Parallel with the decreasing importance of perfect competition and monopolies, the twoother
forms of market structures are gaining ground, especially and most importantly:oligopoly. The
study would like to prove that the world is moving towards the dominance of a market structure
which could be called.
What are the main causes of and contributing factors to internationa.pdfanaxeetech
What are the main causes of and contributing factors to international financial crises? How can
they be resolved? How can they be prevented? Answer this question in the context of the Asian
Crisis of 1997.
Solution
Causes of Asian financial crisis-. Firstly, huge amounts of foreign capital became readily
available at relatively low interest rates, as investors in search of fresh opportunities shifted huge
amounts of capital into Asia. As under all boom cycles, stock and real estate prices in Asia
increased initially, thus attracting further funds. But, domestic allocation of borrowed foreign
capital was inefficient due to weak banking systems, inefficient corporate governance, and
inadequate transparency of financial sector. Insufficient absorptive capacity also added to the
inefficient allocation of foreign capital. Secondly, the economies\' exchange rate regime was
fixed hence giving borrowers an illusionary sense of security, encouraging them to go for dollar-
denominated borrowings.
The huge capital inflows plus weakening exports were reflected in increasing current account
deficits. Also, a substantial part of the capital inflows was in the form of short-term borrowing,
making these economies prey to external shocks.
Once the trigger started in Thailand , other markets overreacted and the crisis spread.
Remedies.
What are the main characteristics of a research study that uses inde.pdfanaxeetech
What are the main characteristics of a research study that uses independent measures?
Solution
An independent measures study requires a separate sample for each of the
treatments or populations being compared. An independent measures t statistic is appropriate
when a researcher has two samples and wants to use the sample mean difference to test
hypotheses about the population mean difference..
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
What are the basic components of the conceptual framework What are .pdf
1. What are the basic components of the conceptual framework? What are your opinion about the
success of the conceptual framework
Solution
Conceptual Framework Underlying Financial Accounting
The development of accounting standards or any other accounting guidelines need a foundation
of underlying principles. In July 1989, The International Accounting Standards Committee
(IASC) issued a "Conceptual Framework" to serve as a basis for accounting standards. The
Accounting Standards Board of the ICAI has issued a similar framework for same purpose in
July 2000. This framework serves as a constitution and provides the fundamental basis for
development of new accounting standards as also for review of existing standards. The principle
areas covered by the framework are as follows:
Components of financial statements
>Balance sheet
>Profit & Loss A/c
>Cash Flow Statement
>Notes & Schedules to Accounts
Objectives of Financial Statements:
Objectives require financial statements to show the results of business operations and
stewardship or accountability of the management in respect of resources entrusted to it, to the
diversified stakeholders of the business.
Assumptions Underlying Financial statements:
Three fundamental accounting assumptions are as follows:
>Going Concern
>Consistency
>Accrual
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Statements:
>Understandability
>Relevance
>Reliability
>Comparability
>True & Fair View
Elements of Financial Statements:
The five financial elements are assets, Liabilities, Equity, Income/Gains, and Expenses/losses.
2. Principles of Measurement of Financial Statements:
Measurement is the process of determining money value at which an element can be recognised
in the balance Sheet or statement of profit or loss. The framework recognises four alternative
bases for the purpose. These bases relate explicitly to the valuation of assets and liabilities. In
preparation of financial statements, all or any of the below can be used in varying combinations
to assign money values to financial items:
(a) Historical Values
(b) Current Cost
(c) Realisable(Settlement) Value and
(d) Present Value
PURPOSE OF THE FRAMEWORK
The framework sets out the concepts underlying the preparation and presentation of general
purpose financial statements prepared by enterprises for external users.
The main purpose of the framework is:
(a). To assists enterprises in preparation of their financial statements in compliance with the
accounting standard and in dealing with the topics not yet covered by any accounting standard.
(b). To assists ASB in its task of development and review of accounting standards.
(c). To assists ASB in promoting harmonisation of regulations, accounting standards and
procedures relating to the preparation and presentation of financial statement by providing a
basis for reducing the number of alternative accounting treatments permitted by accounting
standards.
(d). To assists auditors in forming an opinion as to whether financial statements conform to the
accounting standards.
(e). To assists the users in interpretation of financial statements.
Opinion on conceptual framework:
Financial statements are prepared and presented for external users by many entities around the
world. Although such financial statements may appear similar from country to country, there are
differences which have probably been caused by a variety of social, economic and legal
circumstances and by different countries having in mind the needs of different users of financial
statements when setting national requirements. These different circumstances have led to th
e use of a variety of definitions of the elements of financial statements: for example, assets,
liabilities, equity, income and expenses. They have also resulted in the use of different criteria
for the recognition of items in the financial statements and in a preference for different bases of
measurement. The scope of the financial statements and the
disclosures made in them have also been affected
