What are some of the important customer and organizational documents.pdf
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What are some of the important customer and organizational documents that a PM should be concerned with during the closeout phase of a project? Solution Projects, by definition, have a beginning and an end. They also have defined phases between the project kickoff and project closeout. A phase represents a grouping of similar activities that has a very loosely defined beginning and end. Phases are typically sequential, where the prior phase is essentially complete before the beginning of the next phase; however, phases do not have clear- cut end dates and some activities in an early phase of the project will continue into the later phases. This is in contrast to project beginning and ending dates and milestone dates, which do have clearly defined dates with the expectation that these dates will be met. The Project Management Institute (PMI) identifies four major phases of a project as characteristics of the project life cycle. [1] These four life-cycle phases are initiation, planning, execution, and project closeout. The knowledge, skills, and experience needed on the project can vary in each phase. During the early phases of a project, the project leadership needs good conceptual skills, the ability to build a team, and the experience to build a project roadmap. During project closeout, the project leadership provides a high degree of motivation and attention to details. On a large project, lasting two or more years, it is common to see the project management team change leadership to provide skills that are appropriate to the final phases of the project. INITIATION The initiation phase, which PMI labels.
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![What are some of the important customer and organizational documents that a PM should be
concerned with during the closeout phase of a project?
Solution
Projects, by definition, have a beginning and an end. They also have defined phases between the
project kickoff and project closeout. A phase represents a grouping of similar activities that has a
very loosely defined beginning and end. Phases are typically sequential, where the prior phase is
essentially complete before the beginning of the next phase; however, phases do not have clear-
cut end dates and some activities in an early phase of the project will continue into the later
phases. This is in contrast to project beginning and ending dates and milestone dates, which do
have clearly defined dates with the expectation that these dates will be met.
The Project Management Institute (PMI) identifies four major phases of a project as
characteristics of the project life cycle. [1] These four life-cycle phases are initiation, planning,
execution, and project closeout. The knowledge, skills, and experience needed on the project can
vary in each phase. During the early phases of a project, the project leadership needs good
conceptual skills, the ability to build a team, and the experience to build a project roadmap.
During project closeout, the project leadership provides a high degree of motivation and attention
to details. On a large project, lasting two or more years, it is common to see the project
management team change leadership to provide skills that are appropriate to the final phases of
the project.
INITIATION
The initiation phase, which PMI labels](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/whataresomeoftheimportantcustomerandorganizationaldocuments-230404020517-b6f79f93/85/What-are-some-of-the-important-customer-and-organizational-documents-pdf-1-320.jpg)
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5) Sharing of resource may be uneven, or perceived to be sub-optimal, by one or more of the
partners.
6) A final disadvantage of a JV is the dispute resolution process. Due to shared responsibilities,
authorities and functioning, a conflict is more difficult to get resolved, since its resolution
depends on multiple levels and locations of the JV organization hierarchy..
What are the methods of conducting trade SolutionA business m.pdf
What are the methods of conducting trade ?
Solution
A business may conduct international trade using following channels and methods:
(1) Direct Trade
The company directly exposts its goods and services to other countries, and imports products &
services from other countries.
(2) Licensing.
A company (X) grants another company (Y) in another country, to produce and sell X\'s
products, a license to Y against a fee/royalty that Y should pay to X. Such licensing agreement
may cover not only goods and services, but other intangibles like technology, copyright or
patents.
(3) Management Contracts
These are contracts between two companies in different countries through which one company
provides technical expertise or management expertise to another company.
(4) Turnkey Projects
One company (X) lends its resources and expertise to another company from other country (Y),
in helping Y start and build new projects, from the basic planning & design stage, to the final
execution stage. In exchange for this, Y pays a fee to X.
(5) Joint Ventures (JV)
This involves joint collaboration between 2 companies in different countries. It includes mutual
sharing of all resources, including technical, financial and managerial expertise sharing. This
form of trade includes sharing of both risks and rewards.
(6) Wholly Owned Subsidiary
This is the final form of trade where, a company sets up a fully-owned unit in another country.
The parent company owns the subsidiary and controls it. This ensures maximum profit to the
parent company, however, country-specific laws and political scenarios pose certain risks in such
multy-country operations..
What are the main changes in this current global marketHow do you.pdf
What are the main changes in this current global market?
How do you define a global manager?
What are the main responsibilities of a global manager?
Solution
Answer1
Economics differentiates four major market structures: perfect competition, monopoly,oligopoly
and monopolistic competition. If we evaluate the changeswhich occurred in the last part of the
twentieth century, we can clearly see a drasticmetamorphosis in the globalised markets: two of
the above mentioned market structuresare losing ground while one of them is definitely coming
into the forefront. First let ushave a look at the losers!
- Perfect competition is in the process of fading out. The decrease of its importance can be traced
back to two reasons: firstly sectors traditionally characterized by perfectcompetition are losing
their share in the economy; secondly companies operating inthese industries to gain competitive
advantage are trying to differentiate their offerings,even if they seemed to be rather homogenous
in the past, from those of their competitors. If the majority of them succeed the competition is
gradually transforminginto a form of imperfect competition. It is worthwhile to mention that it
was Levitt whofirst drew attention to the importance of differentiation.
- The share and importance of monopolies is also decreasing. In democratic societiesthere is a
great pressure on government regulation to abolish monopolies, to deregulate,and liberalise these
industries. The banking system, most of the mass transportation, and basic utilities have already
been deregulated, and monopolies still functioning are setunder strong societal control
Parallel with the decreasing importance of perfect competition and monopolies, the twoother
forms of market structures are gaining ground, especially and most importantly:oligopoly. The
study would like to prove that the world is moving towards the dominance of a market structure
which could be called.
What are the main causes of and contributing factors to internationa.pdf
What are the main causes of and contributing factors to international financial crises? How can
they be resolved? How can they be prevented? Answer this question in the context of the Asian
Crisis of 1997.
Solution
Causes of Asian financial crisis-. Firstly, huge amounts of foreign capital became readily
available at relatively low interest rates, as investors in search of fresh opportunities shifted huge
amounts of capital into Asia. As under all boom cycles, stock and real estate prices in Asia
increased initially, thus attracting further funds. But, domestic allocation of borrowed foreign
capital was inefficient due to weak banking systems, inefficient corporate governance, and
inadequate transparency of financial sector. Insufficient absorptive capacity also added to the
inefficient allocation of foreign capital. Secondly, the economies\' exchange rate regime was
fixed hence giving borrowers an illusionary sense of security, encouraging them to go for dollar-
denominated borrowings.
The huge capital inflows plus weakening exports were reflected in increasing current account
deficits. Also, a substantial part of the capital inflows was in the form of short-term borrowing,
making these economies prey to external shocks.
Once the trigger started in Thailand , other markets overreacted and the crisis spread.
Remedies.
What are the main characteristics of a research study that uses inde.pdf
What are the main characteristics of a research study that uses independent measures?
Solution
An independent measures study requires a separate sample for each of the
treatments or populations being compared. An independent measures t statistic is appropriate
when a researcher has two samples and wants to use the sample mean difference to test
hypotheses about the population mean difference..
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