This document discusses the value of investing in natural assets for the municipality of Cape Town. It finds that:
1) Cape Town's natural assets ("natural factories") provide services worth an estimated R4 billion annually, helping the local economy. However, the municipality only spends 2.5% of its budget on maintaining these assets.
2) Investing in natural assets provides higher returns than other municipal investments, with every R1 spent generating R8.30 in ecosystem services.
3) To increase these benefits, the municipality should develop an effective communication strategy to increase funding for maintaining and enhancing Cape Town's natural assets.
This document discusses recovery from substance use disorders. It defines recovery capital as the internal and external resources that can be used to initiate and sustain long-term recovery. Key aspects of recovery capital include social support, community and cultural connections, development of a positive identity, and gaining a sense of meaning and purpose in life. The document also questions whether current treatment approaches are sufficient to support long-term recovery, given that most people spend very little time in treatment and recovery is a long-term process often taking several years.
The document provides suggestions for developing outcome measurements for assisted living programs, including:
1. An outcome sequence chart that identifies key outcomes and indicators to track client progress over time.
2. A list of candidate outcome indicators for common assisted living program outcomes, such as residents' physical, social, and mental needs being met. Suggested data sources are provided.
3. Tips for selecting a manageable number of outcomes and indicators to start, and obtaining input from various stakeholders in the process. Outcome data should be used to identify what's working well and opportunities for improvement.
Improving Governance in Water Supply in Uganda (2010)BlancheCotlear
This case study describes how the use of social accountability tools make an impact in improving quality of water and water supply conditions in a small city of Uganda
This document provides information about a Claymation project involving multiple schools in the North Coast Region. Over 5 weeks, students will develop skills in technology, teamwork, research, and creativity by creating Claymation films. They will use a program called Pivot Man and share their work online. TAFE students will assist. The project aims to foster skills like collaboration and animation. It outlines the schedule, tasks, transportation details, and expectations for student reflections and homework assignments related to the project.
Economic risks and opportunities of new waste legislationMartin de Wit
Waste is valuable.
Waste is not for free.
Sustainable management of waste brings risks and opportunities for private business.
A reflection on the case of Cape Town.
Reflecting on the economic and ecological crisesMartin de Wit
This document discusses potential responses to current economic and ecological crises. It examines instrumental, structural, moral, and ontological responses. It argues that a more adequate response requires: 1) Accepting a richer interpretation of reality beyond dualisms; 2) Using systems approaches to understand complexity; 3) Guidance from a normative ethic on a theological basis; 4) Visionary and transformative leadership beyond human autonomy. It also reflects on Protestant Christianity's response and the need for responsible biblical interpretation guided by eschatological hope in the resurrected Jesus Christ.
This document discusses recovery from substance use disorders. It defines recovery capital as the internal and external resources that can be used to initiate and sustain long-term recovery. Key aspects of recovery capital include social support, community and cultural connections, development of a positive identity, and gaining a sense of meaning and purpose in life. The document also questions whether current treatment approaches are sufficient to support long-term recovery, given that most people spend very little time in treatment and recovery is a long-term process often taking several years.
The document provides suggestions for developing outcome measurements for assisted living programs, including:
1. An outcome sequence chart that identifies key outcomes and indicators to track client progress over time.
2. A list of candidate outcome indicators for common assisted living program outcomes, such as residents' physical, social, and mental needs being met. Suggested data sources are provided.
3. Tips for selecting a manageable number of outcomes and indicators to start, and obtaining input from various stakeholders in the process. Outcome data should be used to identify what's working well and opportunities for improvement.
Improving Governance in Water Supply in Uganda (2010)BlancheCotlear
This case study describes how the use of social accountability tools make an impact in improving quality of water and water supply conditions in a small city of Uganda
This document provides information about a Claymation project involving multiple schools in the North Coast Region. Over 5 weeks, students will develop skills in technology, teamwork, research, and creativity by creating Claymation films. They will use a program called Pivot Man and share their work online. TAFE students will assist. The project aims to foster skills like collaboration and animation. It outlines the schedule, tasks, transportation details, and expectations for student reflections and homework assignments related to the project.
Economic risks and opportunities of new waste legislationMartin de Wit
Waste is valuable.
Waste is not for free.
Sustainable management of waste brings risks and opportunities for private business.
A reflection on the case of Cape Town.
Reflecting on the economic and ecological crisesMartin de Wit
This document discusses potential responses to current economic and ecological crises. It examines instrumental, structural, moral, and ontological responses. It argues that a more adequate response requires: 1) Accepting a richer interpretation of reality beyond dualisms; 2) Using systems approaches to understand complexity; 3) Guidance from a normative ethic on a theological basis; 4) Visionary and transformative leadership beyond human autonomy. It also reflects on Protestant Christianity's response and the need for responsible biblical interpretation guided by eschatological hope in the resurrected Jesus Christ.
The document discusses the economic value of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Cape Town, South Africa. It finds that natural areas provide valuable services like tourism and recreation worth R270-R326 million annually, as well as natural hazard regulation saving an estimated R5-R60 million yearly. Coastal ecosystems like dunes and kelp beds reduce storm surge damages, while healthy catchments absorb rainfall to prevent flooding. Invasive species increase fire risks and costs, with 2009 fires in Somerset West causing R25-R40 million in damages. The document argues that investing in natural areas through alien control and other measures can significantly reduce economic losses from hazards like fires and floods.
The document discusses three potential animals for a new zoo: mudskippers, clown fish, and seahorses. Mudskippers can walk and swim, live in Australia, Eastern Africa, India and Southeast Asia, and look like toads. Clown fish are brightly colored and live in pairs in coral reefs. Seahorses have independently moving eyes, prehensile tails, hold their young in pouches, and eat shrimp constantly. The author chose these animals because seahorses are interesting, mudskippers spend time out of water, and clown fish are colorful and funny.
The document discusses translating economic valuations of ecosystems into real-world investments. It argues that while studies have raised awareness of ecosystem value, an institutional system is needed to transform abstract values into financial investments. The author proposes focusing on performing valuation studies to better inform decision-makers, increasing understanding of total system value, and developing new institutional processes and arrangements to capture ecosystem benefits.
Integrated approaches to innovative climate change adaptation and resource us...Martin de Wit
Some of the greatest environmental challenges in the world today are climate change and resource depletion, both of which could have dire consequences for Africa if not handled innovatively. Africa is considered to be very vulnerable to climate change and the unsustainable depletion of resources. Innovative ways of response are, therefore, urgently needed in order to effectively cope with these challenges.
It cannot be assumed, as so often is done on a project level, that such responses or interventions are merely financial, technical or institutional. Social, institutional, political and cultural support systems in Africa are malfunctioning or under severe stress already, hence a systematic transdisciplinary approach that acknowledges complexity and takes account of the whole system transitioning is needed for effective climate change adaptation and efficient resource use.
The aim of the paper is to further explore the parameters of innovative approaches to climate change adaptation and resource use in African conditions. We present a short outline of the academic literature on complexity, transdisciplinarity and systems approaches and apply these to the fields of climate adaptation and resource use.
Suggested parameters for an integrated conceptual model are formulated. It is argued that innovative approaches to complex issues such as adapting to climate change and improving resource efficiency in Africa would require an integrated, systems and transdisciplinary approach that takes African contexts as a point of departure, and that explicitly include an analysis of human behaviour as a force of change. This integrated approach provides a basis for the development of sustainable innovations for climate change adaptation and resource use in Africa.
O documento descreve um plano de aula sobre contos de fadas clássicos para alunos da Educação Infantil, com os objetivos de desenvolver habilidades de leitura, escrita e oralidade. O plano inclui a apresentação de contos como Branca de Neve, A Bela e a Fera, A Bela Adormecida e Cinderela, além da produção de um texto coletivo e desenhos individuais sobre a história escolhida.
The document is a school project titled "Nosso Folclore" or "Our Folklore" created by Simone Helen Drumond Ischkanian. It contains repetitions of letters from A to Z and words like "folclore" and "curupira", which is a mythical creature from Brazilian folklore. The document leaves many fields blank for a student, teacher, school, class, and series to be filled in.
O curso de pós-graduação em Alfabetização e Letramento visa capacitar profissionais da educação em metodologias e práticas pedagógicas atuais para melhorar o ensino e a aprendizagem. O curso dura 3 semestres e é voltado para graduados de qualquer área interessados na temática de alfabetização e letramento.
O documento discute o potencial do computador na educação e apresenta algumas maneiras de utilizá-lo no processo pedagógico, como instrução programada, simulações, jogos e aprendizagem por descoberta. Também ressalta que o computador é uma ferramenta que auxilia na construção do conhecimento, cabendo ao professor explorar seus recursos de forma a promover a aquisição de conhecimento pelos alunos.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo smartphone com câmera aprimorada, maior tela e melhor desempenho. O dispositivo também possui recursos adicionais de inteligência artificial e segurança de dados aprimorados. O lançamento do novo smartphone está programado para o final deste ano.
Предприниматель-инноватор: КАК ПРИВЛЕЧЬ ВЕНЧУРНОГО ИНВЕСТОРАVadim Kotelnikov
Слайды пятой главы книги "Предприниматель-инноватор. Истории и секреты успеха" (Вадим Котельников), подготовленной в качестве учебного пособия для молодых инноваторов и, в частности, участников инновационной смены Селигер 2010
Este documento analisa estratégias de marketing usadas por pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) para diferenciação competitiva. Ele lista estratégias como promoções de venda, vendas online, e uso de mídias sociais que foram bem-sucedidas para três PMEs. O documento também discute a importância de relacionamento com clientes e conhecimento do mercado para o sucesso de PMEs.
La búsqueda avanzada de Google permite combinar elementos como palabras clave, fechas, formatos y otros criterios para refinar una búsqueda y encontrar resultados más precisos. Limita los resultados de una búsqueda según criterios configurados para realizar una búsqueda más efectiva.
Este documento descreve um curso de Gestão Tributária oferecido pela Verbo Educacional. O curso tem como objetivo capacitar os participantes sobre tributos que incidem sobre empresas e possibilidades de redução de carga tributária. É direcionado a administradores, contadores e outros profissionais e tem duração de 2 anos e meio com carga horária de 360 horas.
This document discusses Adobe's LiveCycle platform and its capabilities. It introduces LiveCycle, which unifies Adobe's PDF and interactive document technologies. It allows the creation of dynamic PDF and web forms as well as business process management. The document outlines how LiveCycle supports a wide range of applications and can integrate with various systems. It positions LiveCycle as a platform that enables better customer experiences and streamlines business processes across industries.
O documento descreve o Projeto Tupiniquim, um programa cultural que ensina estudantes sobre as diferentes regiões do Brasil através de teatro, dança, música, jogos e culinária típicas. O projeto divide o Brasil em quatro regiões de estudo e cada escola apresentará aspectos da cultura de uma região diferente ao final do semestre.
O documento descreve um curso de educação profissional com o objetivo de capacitar docentes. O curso tem duração de 2 anos letivos mais 1 ano para produção de TCC, com carga horária mínima de 360h. O programa inclui disciplinas sobre teorias de aprendizagem, didática, legislação educacional e avaliação. Informa também sobre a localização da instituição Verbo Educacional em diversas cidades brasileiras.
Payments for watershed services the bellagio conversationsInvan Perez
24 individuals from 13 countries met at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center in Italy to discuss lessons learned from payments for watershed services (PWS) schemes. The goal was to consider how experiences with PWS schemes could improve watershed management efficiency. Participants included practitioners implementing PWS, researchers studying PWS, and investors in PWS. They had experience with 9 PWS schemes and knowledge of 15 more. The resulting "Bellagio Conversations" aimed to shed light on important PWS issues and encourage others to address PWS opportunities and challenges. Experiences with PWS to date demonstrate variations in conditionality, payment forms, and government involvement, while interest in the PWS concept grows.
This document discusses payments for watershed services (PWS) and summarizes key discussions from a meeting in Bellagio, Italy in 2007. It defines PWS as voluntary transactions between service buyers and sellers to manage land in ways that protect watershed services. The meeting brought together practitioners, researchers, and investors with experience in PWS schemes. They discussed lessons learned from global experiences to improve watershed management efficiency. The document also summarizes two common types of PWS schemes - user-financed schemes negotiated between buyers and sellers, and government-financed schemes where the state pays on behalf of users.
IRJET- Multiple Benefits of Green Infrastructure and Role of Green Infras...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the multiple benefits of green infrastructure and its role in sustainability and ecosystem services. It defines green infrastructure as a network of natural and semi-natural areas that provide essential ecosystem services for human well-being. Maintaining these services through green infrastructure is recognized as an important strategy for addressing future environmental challenges. The document outlines how green infrastructure, such as trees, parks, and vegetation, provide benefits like stormwater management, wildlife habitat, temperature regulation, and improved human health. It also discusses how newer forms of green infrastructure like rain gardens and green roofs can impact human health, though this effect is less clear. Overall, the document emphasizes that green infrastructure is a tool for achieving sustainability and maintaining important ecosystem functions that support life
The Defra Local Action Project has been working with local communities to enhance the value of natural capital in our towns, cities and other urban spaces to improve people’s lives, the environment & economic prosperity. For each Demonstration Area we have developed a suite of evidence and information resources to support the targeting and implementation of environmental management or enhancement actions in urban landscapes. On the 7th April 2016 the Westcountry Rivers Trust delivery team met with the Thames Estuary Partnership to examine the preliminary outputs of the Local Action Project.
The document discusses the economic value of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Cape Town, South Africa. It finds that natural areas provide valuable services like tourism and recreation worth R270-R326 million annually, as well as natural hazard regulation saving an estimated R5-R60 million yearly. Coastal ecosystems like dunes and kelp beds reduce storm surge damages, while healthy catchments absorb rainfall to prevent flooding. Invasive species increase fire risks and costs, with 2009 fires in Somerset West causing R25-R40 million in damages. The document argues that investing in natural areas through alien control and other measures can significantly reduce economic losses from hazards like fires and floods.
The document discusses three potential animals for a new zoo: mudskippers, clown fish, and seahorses. Mudskippers can walk and swim, live in Australia, Eastern Africa, India and Southeast Asia, and look like toads. Clown fish are brightly colored and live in pairs in coral reefs. Seahorses have independently moving eyes, prehensile tails, hold their young in pouches, and eat shrimp constantly. The author chose these animals because seahorses are interesting, mudskippers spend time out of water, and clown fish are colorful and funny.
The document discusses translating economic valuations of ecosystems into real-world investments. It argues that while studies have raised awareness of ecosystem value, an institutional system is needed to transform abstract values into financial investments. The author proposes focusing on performing valuation studies to better inform decision-makers, increasing understanding of total system value, and developing new institutional processes and arrangements to capture ecosystem benefits.
Integrated approaches to innovative climate change adaptation and resource us...Martin de Wit
Some of the greatest environmental challenges in the world today are climate change and resource depletion, both of which could have dire consequences for Africa if not handled innovatively. Africa is considered to be very vulnerable to climate change and the unsustainable depletion of resources. Innovative ways of response are, therefore, urgently needed in order to effectively cope with these challenges.
It cannot be assumed, as so often is done on a project level, that such responses or interventions are merely financial, technical or institutional. Social, institutional, political and cultural support systems in Africa are malfunctioning or under severe stress already, hence a systematic transdisciplinary approach that acknowledges complexity and takes account of the whole system transitioning is needed for effective climate change adaptation and efficient resource use.
The aim of the paper is to further explore the parameters of innovative approaches to climate change adaptation and resource use in African conditions. We present a short outline of the academic literature on complexity, transdisciplinarity and systems approaches and apply these to the fields of climate adaptation and resource use.
Suggested parameters for an integrated conceptual model are formulated. It is argued that innovative approaches to complex issues such as adapting to climate change and improving resource efficiency in Africa would require an integrated, systems and transdisciplinary approach that takes African contexts as a point of departure, and that explicitly include an analysis of human behaviour as a force of change. This integrated approach provides a basis for the development of sustainable innovations for climate change adaptation and resource use in Africa.
O documento descreve um plano de aula sobre contos de fadas clássicos para alunos da Educação Infantil, com os objetivos de desenvolver habilidades de leitura, escrita e oralidade. O plano inclui a apresentação de contos como Branca de Neve, A Bela e a Fera, A Bela Adormecida e Cinderela, além da produção de um texto coletivo e desenhos individuais sobre a história escolhida.
The document is a school project titled "Nosso Folclore" or "Our Folklore" created by Simone Helen Drumond Ischkanian. It contains repetitions of letters from A to Z and words like "folclore" and "curupira", which is a mythical creature from Brazilian folklore. The document leaves many fields blank for a student, teacher, school, class, and series to be filled in.
O curso de pós-graduação em Alfabetização e Letramento visa capacitar profissionais da educação em metodologias e práticas pedagógicas atuais para melhorar o ensino e a aprendizagem. O curso dura 3 semestres e é voltado para graduados de qualquer área interessados na temática de alfabetização e letramento.
O documento discute o potencial do computador na educação e apresenta algumas maneiras de utilizá-lo no processo pedagógico, como instrução programada, simulações, jogos e aprendizagem por descoberta. Também ressalta que o computador é uma ferramenta que auxilia na construção do conhecimento, cabendo ao professor explorar seus recursos de forma a promover a aquisição de conhecimento pelos alunos.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo smartphone com câmera aprimorada, maior tela e melhor desempenho. O dispositivo também possui recursos adicionais de inteligência artificial e segurança de dados aprimorados. O lançamento do novo smartphone está programado para o final deste ano.
Предприниматель-инноватор: КАК ПРИВЛЕЧЬ ВЕНЧУРНОГО ИНВЕСТОРАVadim Kotelnikov
Слайды пятой главы книги "Предприниматель-инноватор. Истории и секреты успеха" (Вадим Котельников), подготовленной в качестве учебного пособия для молодых инноваторов и, в частности, участников инновационной смены Селигер 2010
Este documento analisa estratégias de marketing usadas por pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) para diferenciação competitiva. Ele lista estratégias como promoções de venda, vendas online, e uso de mídias sociais que foram bem-sucedidas para três PMEs. O documento também discute a importância de relacionamento com clientes e conhecimento do mercado para o sucesso de PMEs.
La búsqueda avanzada de Google permite combinar elementos como palabras clave, fechas, formatos y otros criterios para refinar una búsqueda y encontrar resultados más precisos. Limita los resultados de una búsqueda según criterios configurados para realizar una búsqueda más efectiva.
Este documento descreve um curso de Gestão Tributária oferecido pela Verbo Educacional. O curso tem como objetivo capacitar os participantes sobre tributos que incidem sobre empresas e possibilidades de redução de carga tributária. É direcionado a administradores, contadores e outros profissionais e tem duração de 2 anos e meio com carga horária de 360 horas.
This document discusses Adobe's LiveCycle platform and its capabilities. It introduces LiveCycle, which unifies Adobe's PDF and interactive document technologies. It allows the creation of dynamic PDF and web forms as well as business process management. The document outlines how LiveCycle supports a wide range of applications and can integrate with various systems. It positions LiveCycle as a platform that enables better customer experiences and streamlines business processes across industries.
O documento descreve o Projeto Tupiniquim, um programa cultural que ensina estudantes sobre as diferentes regiões do Brasil através de teatro, dança, música, jogos e culinária típicas. O projeto divide o Brasil em quatro regiões de estudo e cada escola apresentará aspectos da cultura de uma região diferente ao final do semestre.
O documento descreve um curso de educação profissional com o objetivo de capacitar docentes. O curso tem duração de 2 anos letivos mais 1 ano para produção de TCC, com carga horária mínima de 360h. O programa inclui disciplinas sobre teorias de aprendizagem, didática, legislação educacional e avaliação. Informa também sobre a localização da instituição Verbo Educacional em diversas cidades brasileiras.
Payments for watershed services the bellagio conversationsInvan Perez
24 individuals from 13 countries met at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center in Italy to discuss lessons learned from payments for watershed services (PWS) schemes. The goal was to consider how experiences with PWS schemes could improve watershed management efficiency. Participants included practitioners implementing PWS, researchers studying PWS, and investors in PWS. They had experience with 9 PWS schemes and knowledge of 15 more. The resulting "Bellagio Conversations" aimed to shed light on important PWS issues and encourage others to address PWS opportunities and challenges. Experiences with PWS to date demonstrate variations in conditionality, payment forms, and government involvement, while interest in the PWS concept grows.
This document discusses payments for watershed services (PWS) and summarizes key discussions from a meeting in Bellagio, Italy in 2007. It defines PWS as voluntary transactions between service buyers and sellers to manage land in ways that protect watershed services. The meeting brought together practitioners, researchers, and investors with experience in PWS schemes. They discussed lessons learned from global experiences to improve watershed management efficiency. The document also summarizes two common types of PWS schemes - user-financed schemes negotiated between buyers and sellers, and government-financed schemes where the state pays on behalf of users.
IRJET- Multiple Benefits of Green Infrastructure and Role of Green Infras...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the multiple benefits of green infrastructure and its role in sustainability and ecosystem services. It defines green infrastructure as a network of natural and semi-natural areas that provide essential ecosystem services for human well-being. Maintaining these services through green infrastructure is recognized as an important strategy for addressing future environmental challenges. The document outlines how green infrastructure, such as trees, parks, and vegetation, provide benefits like stormwater management, wildlife habitat, temperature regulation, and improved human health. It also discusses how newer forms of green infrastructure like rain gardens and green roofs can impact human health, though this effect is less clear. Overall, the document emphasizes that green infrastructure is a tool for achieving sustainability and maintaining important ecosystem functions that support life
The Defra Local Action Project has been working with local communities to enhance the value of natural capital in our towns, cities and other urban spaces to improve people’s lives, the environment & economic prosperity. For each Demonstration Area we have developed a suite of evidence and information resources to support the targeting and implementation of environmental management or enhancement actions in urban landscapes. On the 7th April 2016 the Westcountry Rivers Trust delivery team met with the Thames Estuary Partnership to examine the preliminary outputs of the Local Action Project.
The document describes a local action project that aims to work with local communities to enhance natural capital in urban areas. It does this by providing evidence and resources to support targeting and implementing environmental management actions. The project will conduct a review of environmental assets and natural capital, assess benefits and priorities, and develop an "urban practitioners toolbox" of potential interventions. It will also produce detailed opportunity mapping. The project focuses on areas like Leicester and aims to quantify benefits, identify needs and opportunities, and support partnerships to increase funding and implementation of actions.
The Defra Local Action Project has been working with local communities to enhance the value of natural capital in our towns, cities and other urban spaces to improve people’s lives, the environment & economic prosperity…For each Demonstration Area we have developed a suite of evidence and information resources to support the targeting and implementation of environmental management or enhancement actions in urban landscapes. On the 18th April 2016 the Westcountry Rivers Trust delivery team met with several key stakeholders and practitioners who work in Manchester to examine the preliminary outputs of the Local Action Project.
This document discusses financing options for rural infrastructure in India. It begins by laying out key attributes of rural infrastructure, such as economic parameters, decentralization possibilities, and interlinkages with funding issues. It then assesses the demand-supply gap that exists in various rural infrastructure services like water and sanitation, roads, irrigation, electricity, telecom, agro-processing, and marketing. Major gaps still exist in providing access to these essential services for rural populations. The document aims to understand prevailing financing options and identify new viable alternatives to bridge infrastructure gaps in rural areas of India.
The document discusses natural capital accounting, which aims to quantify the value of natural resources and ecosystem services. It outlines the challenges of economic growth degrading the environment and notes that current systems do not reflect nature's invisibility and interdependence with human well-being. Natural capital accounting seeks to integrate environmental information into policies by valuing ecosystem services and changing incentives to reward stewardship of natural assets over the long run. The document provides definitions of natural capital and ecosystem services and describes different types of services like provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting. It also discusses tools like ecosystem and inclusive wealth accounting that can reflect natural values in decision making.
Bernard Lietaer - a tőke típusai: természeti, épített, technológiai, társadalmi, történelmi-és-kulturális, intézményi, vállalkozói, pénzügyi, kihasználatlan termelékenység tőkéje.
Ten types of capital: natural, built, technological, social, historic-and-cultural, human, institutional, entrepreneurial, financial, potential exchange capital.
Ma a világban mindent pénzzel mérünk. Csak a pénz-ügyi tőkét ismerjük el. Valójában azonban számos másfajta tőke létezik, amik a kizáró gondolkodás miatt pusztulnak. Emiatt van szükség kiegészítő pénzemekre, mert a sztenderd pénz csak a pénztőkére való igazán. És a tudatosság féken tartására.
This document summarizes a case study evaluating potential financing mechanisms for Tapantí National Park in Costa Rica based on the economic value of ecosystem services. Key points:
- The study estimated the annual monetary value of biodiversity maintenance, water supply, and recreation/tourism services to be $2.5 million or $43 per hectare, with hydroelectric companies receiving 65% of the total benefits.
- Willingness-to-pay surveys found local stakeholders would pay at least $339,000 annually, enough to cover current and improved park management budgets.
- Proposed financing mechanisms include payments from hydroelectric companies through a water tax and contributions from other beneficiaries.
- Challenges include
Realized Ecosystem Services: Using Stakeholder Theory for Policy DevelopmentIJSRED
This document discusses using stakeholder theory to identify stakeholders of realized ecosystem services. It begins by defining potential and realized ecosystem services, with realized being the portion of services that are actually used by people. It maps the potential and realized ecosystem services in the Greenbelt area of Ontario, Canada, showing higher realized values near population centers. It argues that identifying all stakeholders of realized services could help better manage and protect these services. Applying stakeholder theory, it suggests stakeholders can be identified and prioritized based on their power, legitimacy, and urgency related to ecosystem services. A conceptual map is provided showing example stakeholder groups and their relationships to realized services.
Hannah BEHRENDT "The bigger picture on drylands - using a natural capital acc...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
1) Natural capital accounting (NCA) provides crucial information to manage natural resources by accounting for their contribution to the economy and livelihoods in a way that is missing from traditional GDP measures.
2) NCA, as laid out by the UN's System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA), brings together information on key aspects of the environment and natural resources to provide a "bigger picture" on their interaction with economic and social factors.
3) The World Bank's WAVES partnership is working to implement NCA in countries around the world and develop methodologies to measure more difficult to value natural capital like ecosystems, demonstrating how the data can support sustainable development decision-making.
This document discusses evaluating the social and economic impact of accessible technologies in public libraries. It outlines key questions around current approaches to evaluating public library impact and how they are applied. It also discusses potential outcomes such as examples of evaluations that have demonstrated social and economic value of e-inclusion in public libraries and future trends in evaluating public services. The document then discusses different approaches to measuring return-on-investment for public libraries through evaluating costs, outputs, and outcomes.
Here are the key differences between public cloud and private cloud:
Public Cloud:
- Operated by third-party cloud service providers off-premises using their own hardware
- Resources are shared with other customers and accessed over the public internet
- Provides economies of scale and reduces upfront costs
- Less control over security, availability, and performance
Private Cloud:
- Operated on-premises or hosted exclusively for a single organization
- Resources are dedicated only to that organization and not shared
- Provides more security, control, and customization
- Requires upfront investment in hardware, software, personnel to run infrastructure
- Less scalable and flexible than public cloud
In summary, public
Capital investment programming and its financial implicationsAdvait Menon
This document discusses capital investment programming and its financial implications. It notes that capital investment programs are usually focused on building infrastructure, but that it is important to carefully examine each project component and ensure funding is available. It also discusses recognizing all costs associated with capital projects, including operation, maintenance, administration, capital recovery, and return on investment. The document also discusses issues like government grants for capital projects and their potential disadvantages.
The life-cycle costs approach is a methodology for assessing and monitoring the costs of sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene services. It involves estimating costs from initial construction through to repairs, replacements, and expansions over the entire life cycle. Adopting this approach requires considering all cost aspects to ensure appropriate and sustainable service levels. The approach has been tested in several countries, finding that most costs are currently borne by households with little support for maintenance. Using life-cycle cost analysis can reveal insights on cost-effectiveness and value for money to improve investments and ensure sustainable services.
Anyone who has visited a garden centre knows
how much trees, shrubs, paving and other landscape
features cost. Stocking even a modest garden can
set you back hundreds of pounds. So it may come as
a shock to learn that most councils value public parks
at just £1 each. Even the largest, most spectacular
park, with beautiful mature trees, well-established
shrubs, paths, benches and a bandstand, is usually
valued on a council’s list of assets at just £1
To achieve the goal of fully accessible information and advice services for all, it is essential that planning takes place at a strategic level and brings together key partners from across the adult social care agenda. Equally, delivery needs to draw together the work of teams and agencies from both within and outside of local authorities, with clear management procedures in place. If planned and structured effectively, information and advice services can contribute to wider objectives such as effective commissioning and shaping of services in response to market need.
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Summary: Investing in Natural Assets. A Business case for the environment in the City of Cape Town
1. Why investing in natural assets makes
financial sense for the municipality of
Cape Town
A summary for decision makers
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2. Why investing in natural assets makes financial
sense for the municipality of Cape Town1
The municipality of the City of Cape Town donor funds and loans. The principle is that
provides a number of services to people these services are valuable to everyone in
living in and visiting the City. These services, the City, so the costs of these services are
together with the investment in people and also carried by everyone, although in different
infrastructure that accompany them, provide the proportions.
backbone of the local economy and enhance
human wellbeing in the City. It is not possible What are usually overlooked in municipal
to imagine a modern urban economy without accounts, both on the expenditure and on the
a municipality that provides these backbone revenue side, are the services provided by the
services. ecological infrastructure, or natural assets,
within the City. These ‘free services’ from
Users, including residents and visitors, pay the nature flow to both residents and visitors, as in
municipality to deliver these services. These the case of other services such as utilities. The
payments take the form of tariffs and charges ‘natural factories’ that produce these services
on services, property taxes, and some other also need proper ongoing maintenance and, in
smaller income streams such as fines. the case of damage, repair. Furthermore, well-
However, users alone, through these tariffs, designed investments can actually enhance
charges and property taxes, are not paying the value of the services flowing from these
the full amount required for the municipality ‘natural factories’ or natural assets. However,
to function. The shortfall is covered by grants, when the required investments are not made,
A certain level
of investment
is needed to
maintain the
flow of nature's
services..."
1 This is a summary of a Technical Report: De Wit, M., Van Zyl, H., Crookes, D., Blignaut, J., Jayiya, T., Goiset, V. &
Mahumani, B. 2009. “Investing in Natural assets. A Business Case for the Environment in the City of Cape Town”. Cape Town.
2
3. natural assets will cease to deliver these
services. Service delivery is reduced and in
some instances replacement with more costly
physical infrastructure is needed. A certain This study argues that the
level of investment is needed to maintain the real value provided by
flow of nature’s services, more investment
may increase the quantity and quality of these these ‘free services’ from
services, but less investment will eventually nature is substantial.
lead to the non-performance of the asset.
The funds to invest in natural assets will have
to be either sourced out
of existing revenue or
financed out of increased
revenue. Although the
benefits of nature’s
services cannot always
be measured as easy as
say the use of water and
electricity, residents and
visitors have preferences
for these services. The
real value from nature’s
services is often implicit
in the decisions people
make. These implicit
values can be made
explicit by either studying
behaviour or relying on
what people state as their
values for nature’s services when asked.
This study argues that the real value provided by
these ‘free services’ from nature is substantial.
Investment to maintain natural assets and to
enhance the value of the flows from these
assets is an economically rational decision
for municipalities. The leverage achieved by
investing in natural assets is expected to be
on the higher side rather than the lower side
when compared to the leverage resulting from
investment in other services by the municipality
on the City’s economy. Furthermore, it is
indicated that a lack of investment in natural
assets increases the risks of natural systems
failure and associated high knock-on costs to
the City.
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4. To substantiate this claim the following questions were answered:
• What are the ‘natural factories’?
• What services flow from these ‘natural factories’?
• How does one value these factories and the goods and services flowing
from them?
• What are these values for Cape Town?
• What amounts are already spent on natural factories by the municipality?
• Will it make any sense for the municipality to invest more?
• Who pays for increased municipal environmental expenditure?
• How does one design an effective argument for increased investment into
the environment in the City?
What are the natural factories? these assets to absorb such pressures), the
assets will continue to supply a wide variety
A consistent way to think about nature is in of services. These services include supporting
terms of assets and flows. It is comparable the functioning of the natural assets, regulating
to a bank account (a financial asset) yielding natural processes, providing materials and
an interest (a flow). Natural assets or nature’s other goods, and supplying a variety of
factories also deliver a stream of ecosystem information.
goods and services that benefit various groups
of people. Natural assets include stocks of How does one value these factories and the
water, rivers, wetlands, coastlines, mountains,
land, nature reserves, green and open spaces,
good and services flowing from them?
and the atmosphere. The value of these services are often implicit, but
can be made explicit by observing what actual
What services flow from these ‘natural behaviour reveals regarding preferences, or
factories’? relying on what people state as their value for
nature’s services when asked. Preferences
When well-maintained, (i.e. when the pressure for nature’s services can be measured, for
on these assets is less than the ability of example, through travel
These services
include supporting
the functioning
of the natural
assets, regulating
natural processes,
providing materials
and other goods,
and supplying
a variety of
information.
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5. decisions, where people choose to work and
live, what properties or land they invest in, or
by asking people about their preferences for
goods and services when no market exists.
As natural assets are not generally traded in
the marketplace, the value of such assets can
be measured by the flow value of goods and
services from the asset over time.
What are these values for Cape Town?
The annual flow value of goods and services
from Cape Town’s natural assets are estimated
to be R4 billion, falling in a range of between R2
billion and R6 billion. The value of the natural
assets combined is estimated at between R43
billion and R81 billion. Not all ecosystem goods
and services could be measured in this study
and therefore, this is a conservative estimate.
These values are an estimation of nature’s
share in the production and consumption of
ecosystem goods and services. For example,
in the case of tourism and recreation, only the
These values are an amount people attribute to ecosystem goods
estimation of nature’s and services as revealed in their behaviour and
stated by themselves in preference surveys
share in the production and is measured. These estimates do not include
consumption of ecosystem utility derived from activities, such as shopping
goods and services. or dining, which have no direct relation with
nature. Likewise, as another example, when
considering nature’s
ability to buffer against
natural hazards, total
expected financial
costs of damages
are not included, but
only those damages
that can reasonably
either be buffered by
natural systems or be
prevented by adequate
management of
natural areas.
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6. What amounts are already spent on natural
factories by the municipality?
The municipality spent approximately 2.5%
or R370 million of all operational expenditure
and approximately 2.1% or R110 million of
all capital expenditure on the environment
during the year 2008/9. These percentages
were relatively constant over the last few
years. This includes estimated expenditure on
natural assets in the line functions Planning
and Development, Communication and Social
services, Sport and Recreation, Solid waste
management, Waste water management,
Road transport, Water utilities, Electricity, and
Tourism development. There is no conclusive
evidence that the municipalities have
substantially increased investment in natural
assets when compared to overall spending
over the last five years. Capital investment in
natural assets as a percentage of total capital
expenditure has even declined since 2005/6.
Will it make sense for the municipality to
invest more in natural assets?
A pertinent question is whether existing levels City economy. For every R1 of expenditure by
of investment in and operational expenditure the municipality on the environment almost
on natural assets are at least sufficient to R8.30 of ecosystems goods and services were
protect the integrity of natural assets and to generated. This is a conservative estimate and
maintain the flow of goods and services. It is the ratio can be as high as R13.50 for every R1
also important to know whether more value when a higher value scenario of R6 billion per
can be leveraged through such investments. annum is used. This means that the leverage
One way to express the importance of of municipal expenditure on the environmental
investing in natural assets is to compare the sector is considerably higher, i.e. between 1.2
ratio of environmental expenditure to the value and 2 times, than that of municipal expenditure
generated by ecosystem goods and services on the City economy. Using overall municipal
with the leverage achieved by the municipality expenditure as a baseline, this in itself
in the broader City economy. For every R1 spent is a justification for higher environmental
by the municipality in 2008/9 approximately expenditure.
R7.30 of value added was generated in the
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7. Who pays for increased municipal How does one design an effective
environmental expenditure? argument for increased investment into
It cannot be expected that investment by
the environment in the City?
the municipality in nature’s services needs Effective arguments are important, but not
to immediately pay for itself, but revenue sufficient to have an impact. The effectiveness
streams will have to be identified to achieve a of the argument to invest in natural assets is
balanced budget. There is a case to be made not only dependent on the argument itself, but
that the general public and visitors benefit also on the receptor, and transmission and
from a sustained flow of ecosystem goods communication. Based on evidence worldwide,
and services. The fact that the City of Cape budgetary processes are not incremental and
Town is in the middle of an internationally predictable, and are sensitive to the amount
acclaimed biodiversity hotspot also suggests of attention paid to an issue, the amount of
that benefits are enjoyed far wider. This adds political influence on budgetary allocations
up to an argument to generate revenue from and the cognitive abilities of decision-makers
various sources namely the general public, to absorb and prioritise multiple streams
visitors to the City, national and provincial of information. Adding to this is the natural
intergovernmental fiscal transfers and divergence between people advancing
international donors. As an entity mandated analytical arguments and decision-makers.
with service provision the municipality has the These factors create a complex receiving
responsibility to invest adequately in natural environment for any argument. The best way
assets to maintain a healthy flow of services to deal with this is to develop an effective
to the benefit of people living in and visiting the communication strategy, focused on the core
City of Cape Town. If these services benefit the goal of advancing the case to invest in natural
private sector as well, forming partnerships to assets.
share costs is an option.
The best way to deal with this is to develop an effective
communication strategy, focused on the core goal of advancing the
case to invest in natural assets.
All photographs were supplied by The City of Cape Town and copyright remains with The City of Cape Town.
Page layout and design was done by Unboxed Publishing Consultancy (http://www.unboxed.co.za)
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