Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus can remain dormant in the nerve tissue and reactivate later in life as shingles. Shingles typically causes a painful rash that develops on one side of the body or face. The rash blisters and scabs over within 2-4 weeks. While shingles itself is not contagious, the virus can spread to those who have not had chickenpox if they come into direct contact with the rash blisters. Risk of shingles increases with age, with about half of cases occurring in people over 60 years old
This document discusses infectious diseases and how they spread. It explains that infectious diseases, also called pathogens, can be passed from one living thing to another through various pathways, including the air, contaminated objects, direct contact between people or animals, and through food and water. It notes that while some diseases like cancer are noninfectious, infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. It also outlines four methods that have helped reduce disease spread: pasteurization, vaccines and immunity, antibiotics, and improved sanitation.
Difference between a pandemic, an epidemic, endemic, and an outbreakBarryAllen149
An epidemic refers to a disease affecting a large number of people within a community or region, while a pandemic is an epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents. An endemic disease is one that is constantly present in a particular population or region. An outbreak refers to a sudden increase in cases of an endemic disease within a confined geographical area. The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of a disease that began as an epidemic in Wuhan, China and then spread globally to become a pandemic, affecting millions of people worldwide across multiple continents.
The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, also known as swine flu, originated in pigs but began infecting humans in the United States. It is transmitted from person to person through coughs, sneezes, or contact with infected surfaces. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu and include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most cases are mild, it can cause severe illness, especially in the young, old, and immunocompromised. Treatment focuses on rest, fluids, and antiviral medications if symptoms are severe. Vaccination and practicing good hygiene are recommended to prevent spread.
Bird flu is a viral infection that affects some particular species of wild birds. Although the said wild birds do not seem to be adversely affected by the virus, when it spreads to livestock that is being raised for human consumption like ducks and chickens, these birds to get sick and die. The virus generally infects birds and not human beings.
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa that infects over 400 million people worldwide each year, most commonly in Africa. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include shivering, vomiting, headache, and high fever in cycles. Prevention methods include wearing long, light-colored clothing; applying insect repellent; and sleeping under mosquito nets, especially for those traveling to Africa.
Swine flu is a virus that infects pigs and can be transmitted to humans. It causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. The virus spreads when infected people cough or sneeze near others or through contact with contaminated surfaces. To prevent infection, frequent hand washing with soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizers is recommended, as well as avoiding contact with those exhibiting flu-like symptoms. While rarely deadly for pigs, the virus can be serious or fatal for at-risk groups like the elderly, infants, and pregnant women.
The document describes the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It provides details about the virus's appearance under a microscope and its effects on different people. Some experience mild or no symptoms while others experience severe symptoms that can lead to death. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, tiredness, sore throat, diarrhea and runny nose. The virus spreads easily through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Within 14 days of exposure, people may develop symptoms but also spread the virus to others before realizing they are infected. This is why governments implemented lockdowns and social distancing to slow the spread.
Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus can remain dormant in the nerve tissue and reactivate later in life as shingles. Shingles typically causes a painful rash that develops on one side of the body or face. The rash blisters and scabs over within 2-4 weeks. While shingles itself is not contagious, the virus can spread to those who have not had chickenpox if they come into direct contact with the rash blisters. Risk of shingles increases with age, with about half of cases occurring in people over 60 years old
This document discusses infectious diseases and how they spread. It explains that infectious diseases, also called pathogens, can be passed from one living thing to another through various pathways, including the air, contaminated objects, direct contact between people or animals, and through food and water. It notes that while some diseases like cancer are noninfectious, infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. It also outlines four methods that have helped reduce disease spread: pasteurization, vaccines and immunity, antibiotics, and improved sanitation.
Difference between a pandemic, an epidemic, endemic, and an outbreakBarryAllen149
An epidemic refers to a disease affecting a large number of people within a community or region, while a pandemic is an epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents. An endemic disease is one that is constantly present in a particular population or region. An outbreak refers to a sudden increase in cases of an endemic disease within a confined geographical area. The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of a disease that began as an epidemic in Wuhan, China and then spread globally to become a pandemic, affecting millions of people worldwide across multiple continents.
The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, also known as swine flu, originated in pigs but began infecting humans in the United States. It is transmitted from person to person through coughs, sneezes, or contact with infected surfaces. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu and include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most cases are mild, it can cause severe illness, especially in the young, old, and immunocompromised. Treatment focuses on rest, fluids, and antiviral medications if symptoms are severe. Vaccination and practicing good hygiene are recommended to prevent spread.
Bird flu is a viral infection that affects some particular species of wild birds. Although the said wild birds do not seem to be adversely affected by the virus, when it spreads to livestock that is being raised for human consumption like ducks and chickens, these birds to get sick and die. The virus generally infects birds and not human beings.
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa that infects over 400 million people worldwide each year, most commonly in Africa. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include shivering, vomiting, headache, and high fever in cycles. Prevention methods include wearing long, light-colored clothing; applying insect repellent; and sleeping under mosquito nets, especially for those traveling to Africa.
Swine flu is a virus that infects pigs and can be transmitted to humans. It causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. The virus spreads when infected people cough or sneeze near others or through contact with contaminated surfaces. To prevent infection, frequent hand washing with soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizers is recommended, as well as avoiding contact with those exhibiting flu-like symptoms. While rarely deadly for pigs, the virus can be serious or fatal for at-risk groups like the elderly, infants, and pregnant women.
The document describes the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It provides details about the virus's appearance under a microscope and its effects on different people. Some experience mild or no symptoms while others experience severe symptoms that can lead to death. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, tiredness, sore throat, diarrhea and runny nose. The virus spreads easily through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Within 14 days of exposure, people may develop symptoms but also spread the virus to others before realizing they are infected. This is why governments implemented lockdowns and social distancing to slow the spread.
Influenza is a serious public health problem that spreads easily and causes annual epidemics worldwide. There are three main types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Influenza A and B are included in seasonal flu vaccines. Signs of influenza include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. High risk groups include young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Vaccination is the most effective prevention method. Avian influenza primarily affects birds and can be mild or highly lethal depending on the strain. Some avian influenza viruses can infect humans but do not usually spread between people.
Austin Journal of Infectious Diseases is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of research in Infectious Diseases.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for researchers and physicians to find most recent advances in the areas of Infectious Diseases.
Austin Journal of Infectious Diseases accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and rapid communication on all the aspects of prevention and treatment of Infectious Diseases.
The document discusses the H1N1 virus. It defines H1N1 as a new influenza virus that spreads from person to person. Some of the symptoms of H1N1 include fever. The virus is thought to spread primarily through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or touching infected surfaces. Proper hand washing and covering coughs and sneezes are recommended to prevent the spread of H1N1.
1. The document discusses swine flu, including what it is, how it spreads, symptoms, and treatment options. Swine flu is caused by influenza viruses that normally infect pigs but can be transmitted to humans. It spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes. To protect yourself, wash hands regularly, cover coughs and sneezes, and stay isolated if sick. There are currently limited treatment options available.
The document discusses influenza (flu), a highly contagious viral infection that often causes fever and body aches. It spreads through airborne droplets when infected people cough, sneeze or talk. Common symptoms include runny nose, sore throat, cough, fever, body aches and fatigue. While antibiotics do not treat viruses like the flu, vaccination and rest can help prevent and treat the illness. Those at higher risk include young children, older adults, pregnant women and those with weak immune systems. There are different types of flu viruses that occasionally spread between animals and humans.
Smallpox is a contagious disease caused by the variola virus that presents with a raised rash and fever. There are two forms of smallpox - variola major, which is more severe and often fatal, and variola minor which is less common and less severe. The smallpox virus has an incubation period of 7 to 17 days where it is sometimes contagious, followed by an initial prodrome phase and development of the characteristic pustular rash where the patient is most contagious. Vaccination was key to the successful global eradication initiative in the 1970s through mass vaccination campaigns and surveillance programs. While smallpox has been eradicated, countries maintain vaccine stockpiles
Influenza is also known as Flu as well. It is infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: Fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache & coughing.
Dengue fever is caused by one of four closely related Dengue virus serotypes transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Infection with one serotype provides lifetime immunity only to that serotype, so people in dengue-endemic areas can be infected multiple times. The mosquitoes become infected after biting an infected person and can then transmit the virus while biting others after a week, continuing the cycle between humans and mosquitoes.
Medicity Hospital is a top multispecialty and super specialty hospital located in Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. It has a wide range of medical specialties and services including interventional procedures and diagnostics. The hospital is well-equipped with modern technologies and equipment for immediate and advanced medical care.
Swine influenza has many names like swine flu, pig influenza, pig flu and hog flu.Swine flu is an infection in pigs which is caused by any one of the swine influenza viruses.This infection got the name Swine flu because the first outbreak was seen mainly in people associated with pigs.
The document discusses swine influenza, also known as swine flu. It provides details on what swine flu is, its current status and incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, and prevention. The key points are:
- Swine flu is a respiratory disease in pigs that has expanded to human-to-human transmission. The CDC has confirmed 7 cases in California.
- Symptoms are like seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat and lack of appetite. Internationally some reported diarrhea and vomiting.
- It spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes and touching contaminated surfaces.
- To prevent spread, stay home when sick, practice hand hygiene and use protective equipment
This document provides information about swine flu (H1N1). It begins with an introduction stating that measures relating to swine influenza continue worldwide. It then outlines what swine flu is, how people are infected, how to safeguard oneself, and what to do if sick. Swine flu, also called swine influenza, is caused by a new H1N1 influenza virus that is similar to viruses found in pigs. Symptoms are like regular human flu and include fever, cough and fatigue. People can be infected through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes or by touching contaminated surfaces. To prevent infection, people should wash hands frequently, stay healthy, and avoid contact with sick individuals. Those who get sick
A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
The bacteria that cause TB are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Most people infected with the bacteria that cause tuberculosis don't have symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they usually include a cough (sometimes blood-tinged), weight loss, night sweats and fever.
Treatment isn't always required for those without symptoms. Patients with active symptoms will require a long course of treatment involving multiple antibiotics
HIV attacks the immune system by using white blood cells to replicate itself, weakening the body's ability to fight infection over time without treatment. It was first recognized in 1981 and is thought to have originated from non-human primates in Africa, spreading to humans in the early 20th century. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. While there is no cure for HIV, antiretroviral therapy can control the virus and allow those infected to live a normal lifespan, though they must remain on daily medication.
The document summarizes information about swine flu, including its symptoms, high risk groups, and tips for prevention. Swine flu is caused by an influenza A H1N1 virus that contains genetic components of pig and bird flu viruses, which is why humans have no immunity. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu but may include diarrhea and vomiting. High risk groups include pregnant women, people with chronic medical conditions, and children/adults who are obese. Tips for prevention include washing hands frequently, getting sufficient sleep, eating a nutritious diet, and staying up to date on public health guidelines.
This document discusses infection control and prevention. It begins by defining key terms like host, agent, vector, and vehicle. It then explains how diseases are transmitted, listing the main modes of transmission like direct contact, droplet, indirect contact, vector, vehicle and airborne. Specific examples are given for each mode. The document also discusses factors that influence disease causation in a host. Finally, it reviews important infection control measures that can help prevent or stop the spread of disease through various routes of transmission. These include practices like hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, isolation, vaccination, and appropriate use of antibiotics.
The document provides an overview of COVID-19, including its introduction, global effects, types/variants, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, precautions, and vaccine development. It discusses how the virus was first identified in China in late 2019 and became a global pandemic. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it spreads mainly through respiratory droplets, common symptoms include cough, fever and shortness of breath, and current treatment focuses on relieving symptoms while vaccines continue to be developed and distributed worldwide.
This online learning platform provides information about COVID-19 awareness and protection. It introduces COVID-19 as a new illness caused by a virus that can spread between people, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Topic 1 discusses how to protect oneself and others through social distancing, personal protective equipment, mask wearing, cleaning hands, avoiding crowds, and coughing into the elbow. References are provided for additional information.
The document discusses syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. It describes the four stages of syphilis as primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The primary stage involves a painless sore while secondary sees skin rashes and sore throat. Latent syphilis has no symptoms but the bacteria remains active. Tertiary syphilis, occurring years later for 15-30% of untreated cases, can damage organs and cause life-threatening issues like blindness. Penicillin is usually effective at treating early stages of syphilis.
This document discusses airborne diseases. It begins by defining airborne diseases as viruses that can become suspended in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes and then be inhaled by others, resulting in new infections. Some of the most common airborne diseases are discussed in more detail, including influenza, the common cold, mumps, chickenpox, measles, and whooping cough. Symptoms of airborne diseases tend to be similar and include cough, fever, and body aches. Treatment involves hospitalization, vaccination, and maintaining good hygiene to prevent spread.
Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10thKamran Abdullah
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
Influenza is a serious public health problem that spreads easily and causes annual epidemics worldwide. There are three main types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Influenza A and B are included in seasonal flu vaccines. Signs of influenza include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. High risk groups include young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Vaccination is the most effective prevention method. Avian influenza primarily affects birds and can be mild or highly lethal depending on the strain. Some avian influenza viruses can infect humans but do not usually spread between people.
Austin Journal of Infectious Diseases is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of research in Infectious Diseases.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for researchers and physicians to find most recent advances in the areas of Infectious Diseases.
Austin Journal of Infectious Diseases accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and rapid communication on all the aspects of prevention and treatment of Infectious Diseases.
The document discusses the H1N1 virus. It defines H1N1 as a new influenza virus that spreads from person to person. Some of the symptoms of H1N1 include fever. The virus is thought to spread primarily through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or touching infected surfaces. Proper hand washing and covering coughs and sneezes are recommended to prevent the spread of H1N1.
1. The document discusses swine flu, including what it is, how it spreads, symptoms, and treatment options. Swine flu is caused by influenza viruses that normally infect pigs but can be transmitted to humans. It spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes. To protect yourself, wash hands regularly, cover coughs and sneezes, and stay isolated if sick. There are currently limited treatment options available.
The document discusses influenza (flu), a highly contagious viral infection that often causes fever and body aches. It spreads through airborne droplets when infected people cough, sneeze or talk. Common symptoms include runny nose, sore throat, cough, fever, body aches and fatigue. While antibiotics do not treat viruses like the flu, vaccination and rest can help prevent and treat the illness. Those at higher risk include young children, older adults, pregnant women and those with weak immune systems. There are different types of flu viruses that occasionally spread between animals and humans.
Smallpox is a contagious disease caused by the variola virus that presents with a raised rash and fever. There are two forms of smallpox - variola major, which is more severe and often fatal, and variola minor which is less common and less severe. The smallpox virus has an incubation period of 7 to 17 days where it is sometimes contagious, followed by an initial prodrome phase and development of the characteristic pustular rash where the patient is most contagious. Vaccination was key to the successful global eradication initiative in the 1970s through mass vaccination campaigns and surveillance programs. While smallpox has been eradicated, countries maintain vaccine stockpiles
Influenza is also known as Flu as well. It is infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: Fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache & coughing.
Dengue fever is caused by one of four closely related Dengue virus serotypes transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Infection with one serotype provides lifetime immunity only to that serotype, so people in dengue-endemic areas can be infected multiple times. The mosquitoes become infected after biting an infected person and can then transmit the virus while biting others after a week, continuing the cycle between humans and mosquitoes.
Medicity Hospital is a top multispecialty and super specialty hospital located in Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. It has a wide range of medical specialties and services including interventional procedures and diagnostics. The hospital is well-equipped with modern technologies and equipment for immediate and advanced medical care.
Swine influenza has many names like swine flu, pig influenza, pig flu and hog flu.Swine flu is an infection in pigs which is caused by any one of the swine influenza viruses.This infection got the name Swine flu because the first outbreak was seen mainly in people associated with pigs.
The document discusses swine influenza, also known as swine flu. It provides details on what swine flu is, its current status and incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, and prevention. The key points are:
- Swine flu is a respiratory disease in pigs that has expanded to human-to-human transmission. The CDC has confirmed 7 cases in California.
- Symptoms are like seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat and lack of appetite. Internationally some reported diarrhea and vomiting.
- It spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes and touching contaminated surfaces.
- To prevent spread, stay home when sick, practice hand hygiene and use protective equipment
This document provides information about swine flu (H1N1). It begins with an introduction stating that measures relating to swine influenza continue worldwide. It then outlines what swine flu is, how people are infected, how to safeguard oneself, and what to do if sick. Swine flu, also called swine influenza, is caused by a new H1N1 influenza virus that is similar to viruses found in pigs. Symptoms are like regular human flu and include fever, cough and fatigue. People can be infected through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes or by touching contaminated surfaces. To prevent infection, people should wash hands frequently, stay healthy, and avoid contact with sick individuals. Those who get sick
A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
The bacteria that cause TB are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Most people infected with the bacteria that cause tuberculosis don't have symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they usually include a cough (sometimes blood-tinged), weight loss, night sweats and fever.
Treatment isn't always required for those without symptoms. Patients with active symptoms will require a long course of treatment involving multiple antibiotics
HIV attacks the immune system by using white blood cells to replicate itself, weakening the body's ability to fight infection over time without treatment. It was first recognized in 1981 and is thought to have originated from non-human primates in Africa, spreading to humans in the early 20th century. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. While there is no cure for HIV, antiretroviral therapy can control the virus and allow those infected to live a normal lifespan, though they must remain on daily medication.
The document summarizes information about swine flu, including its symptoms, high risk groups, and tips for prevention. Swine flu is caused by an influenza A H1N1 virus that contains genetic components of pig and bird flu viruses, which is why humans have no immunity. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu but may include diarrhea and vomiting. High risk groups include pregnant women, people with chronic medical conditions, and children/adults who are obese. Tips for prevention include washing hands frequently, getting sufficient sleep, eating a nutritious diet, and staying up to date on public health guidelines.
This document discusses infection control and prevention. It begins by defining key terms like host, agent, vector, and vehicle. It then explains how diseases are transmitted, listing the main modes of transmission like direct contact, droplet, indirect contact, vector, vehicle and airborne. Specific examples are given for each mode. The document also discusses factors that influence disease causation in a host. Finally, it reviews important infection control measures that can help prevent or stop the spread of disease through various routes of transmission. These include practices like hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, isolation, vaccination, and appropriate use of antibiotics.
The document provides an overview of COVID-19, including its introduction, global effects, types/variants, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, precautions, and vaccine development. It discusses how the virus was first identified in China in late 2019 and became a global pandemic. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it spreads mainly through respiratory droplets, common symptoms include cough, fever and shortness of breath, and current treatment focuses on relieving symptoms while vaccines continue to be developed and distributed worldwide.
This online learning platform provides information about COVID-19 awareness and protection. It introduces COVID-19 as a new illness caused by a virus that can spread between people, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Topic 1 discusses how to protect oneself and others through social distancing, personal protective equipment, mask wearing, cleaning hands, avoiding crowds, and coughing into the elbow. References are provided for additional information.
The document discusses syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. It describes the four stages of syphilis as primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The primary stage involves a painless sore while secondary sees skin rashes and sore throat. Latent syphilis has no symptoms but the bacteria remains active. Tertiary syphilis, occurring years later for 15-30% of untreated cases, can damage organs and cause life-threatening issues like blindness. Penicillin is usually effective at treating early stages of syphilis.
This document discusses airborne diseases. It begins by defining airborne diseases as viruses that can become suspended in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes and then be inhaled by others, resulting in new infections. Some of the most common airborne diseases are discussed in more detail, including influenza, the common cold, mumps, chickenpox, measles, and whooping cough. Symptoms of airborne diseases tend to be similar and include cough, fever, and body aches. Treatment involves hospitalization, vaccination, and maintaining good hygiene to prevent spread.
Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10thKamran Abdullah
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
Stereotypes Of Swine Flu Virus
Flu Virus Vaccines
Swine Flu and Efforts to Control It Essay
Swine Flu Personal Statement
Essay about Influenza Vaccines
Symptoms And Symptoms Of The Flu Virus
Influenza Research Paper
The Epidemic Of The Swine Flu
Pandemics In America Research Paper
Fighting the Swine Flu
Flu Virus Classification
Influenza And Pandemics
Influenza A H1N1 Virus
Taking a Look at African Swine Fever
Swine Influenza Virus
H1n1 Influenza Essay
A Case Study on Infectious Diseases
National Influenza Immunization Program
How Does Swine Flu Affect The Economy
Swine Flu Research Paper
Influenza viruses come in four main types: A, B, C, and D. Influenza A and B primarily cause seasonal flu epidemics in humans and can lead to severe illness. Influenza C typically causes mild illness in humans. Influenza D has not been known to cause human illness. The flu spreads through respiratory droplets when infected people cough, sneeze or talk. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. The best prevention methods are the annual flu vaccine, frequent handwashing, and staying home when sick.
- The patient is a 31-year-old female who was diagnosed with genital herpes in February 2015 after developing a genital ulcer. She takes valacyclovir to manage outbreaks, which typically occur every other month and last 3 days.
- More recently, she developed left leg swelling and pain, and was diagnosed with a DVT. She is now on anticoagulation therapy and her symptoms have improved.
- She came to discuss management of her herpes and any interactions between her herpes treatment and new anticoagulation medication. Preventing herpes outbreaks while on blood thinners is the primary concern.
Communicable diseases are illnesses that can be spread from one person to another. They are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Communicable diseases can be transmitted through various means like direct contact, droplets, contaminated food or water, insect bites and blood or bodily fluids. The level of a disease in a population can be endemic, epidemic, pandemic or sporadic depending on how widespread it is in a particular area.
This document discusses infection and infectious diseases. It defines infection as occurring when germs enter the body and multiply, causing disease. The four main types of infections are viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic. Common infectious diseases are then outlined, caused by viruses like the common cold and flu, or by bacteria like strep throat and E. coli. The document also discusses how infections are transmitted directly from person to person or indirectly through vectors, droplets, contaminated objects, food/water, animals, and the environment. Prevention methods include hand hygiene, immunizations, cough etiquette, cleaning, food safety, and social distancing.
The document discusses Powassan virus, a rare but severe tick-borne illness. It can be transmitted from ticks to humans within minutes and cause neurological damage. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, weakness, confusion, seizures and memory loss. While Lyme disease does not always cause symptoms, Powassan virus is considered more severe. The document asks if there are any vaccines or prevention methods for tick-borne illnesses.
The H1N1 flu, sometimes called swine flu, is a type of influenza A virus.
During the 2009-10 flu season, a new H1N1 virus began causing illness in humans. It was often called swine flu and was a new combination of influenza viruses that infect pigs, birds and humans.
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the H1N1 flu to be a pandemic in 2009. That year the virus caused an estimated 284,400 deaths worldwide. In August 2010, WHO declared the pandemic over. But the H1N1 flu strain from the pandemic became one of the strains that cause seasonal flu.
Smallpox is believed to have originated in Africa and first appeared in Egypt in 1350 BC. It was one of the most devastating diseases in history, killing around 30% of those infected. There are four main types that differ in symptoms and mortality rates. The disease was eliminated through a global vaccination program and the last known case was in Somalia in 1977. While the virus samples exist in two locations, there is concern it could be used as a biological weapon.
This document discusses agents of environmental disease, including vector-borne diseases and zoonoses. It provides details on four vector-borne diseases: malaria, which is transmitted through mosquito bites and causes fever and flu-like symptoms; leishmaniasis, spread by sand flies and caused by Leishmania parasites; plague, transmitted by fleas and caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, causing bubonic or pneumonic symptoms; and Lyme disease, transmitted by tick bites and caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, causing joint pain, heart issues and neurological problems. It also discusses three zoonotic diseases: Ebola virus, spread between animals and humans and causing hemor
The document discusses HIV, mosquito-borne illnesses, and Ebola. It provides information on the origins, transmission, symptoms, and preventative measures for each disease. HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and is transmitted through bodily fluids. Symptoms include coughing and vision loss. Treatment includes antiretroviral drugs. Mosquito-borne illnesses like yellow fever originated in tropical regions and are transmitted by mosquito bites. Symptoms include fever and vomiting. Prevention includes vaccination and insect repellent. Ebola likely originated from contact with bats in West Africa and causes hemorrhaging. Symptoms include fever and diarrhea. Prevention involves hygiene and avoiding contact with infected animals or fluids.
The document discusses zoonotic diseases, which are diseases that can be passed from animals to humans. It provides examples of various zoonotic diseases like rabies, West Nile virus, toxoplasmosis, and Lyme disease. For some diseases like rabies, West Nile virus, and toxoplasmosis, it describes the reservoir, agent, transmission method, human symptoms, and treatment. It also discusses specific diseases in more detail, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Lyme disease, and ringworm. Avian influenza or "bird flu" is also explained in depth, covering topics like what causes it, pandemics in history, possible impacts on humans and agriculture, and recommendations for preparation
The document discusses pandemics that have impacted India, specifically smallpox in 1974 and the swine flu pandemic of 2009. It notes that both pandemics slowed India's economic growth and caused the country to impose restrictions on movement to curb the spread of disease. The cultural response was that people united across cultural barriers to fight the pandemics as the population of the nation.
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near YouNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
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VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
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Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...rightmanforbloodline
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -Gokul Rangarajan
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
nursing management of patient with Empyema pptblessyjannu21
prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, SPN
Empyema is a disease of respiratory system It is defines as the accumulation of thick, purulent fluid within the pleural space, often with fibrin development.
Empyema is also called pyothorax or purulent pleuritis.
It’s a condition in which pus gathers in the area between the lungs and the inner surface of the chest wall. This area is known as the pleural space.
Pus is a fluid that’s filled with immune cells, dead cells, and bacteria.
Pus in the pleural space can’t be coughed out. Instead, it needs to be drained by a needle or surgery.
Empyema usually develops after pneumonia, which is an infection of the lung tissue. it is mainly caused due in infectious micro-organisms. It can be treated with medications and other measures.
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Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Medical Devices Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Medical Devices Market was valued at USD 15.35 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to witness impressive growth in the forecast period, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.35% through 2029. This growth is driven by various factors, including strategic collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, a growing population, and the increasing demand for advanced healthcare solutions.
Recent Trends
Strategic Collaborations and Partnerships
One of the most significant trends driving the India Medical Devices Market is the increasing number of collaborations and partnerships among leading companies. These alliances aim to merge the expertise of individual companies to strengthen their market position and enhance their product offerings. For instance, partnerships between local manufacturers and international companies bring advanced technologies and manufacturing techniques to the Indian market, fostering innovation and improving product quality.
Browse over XX market data Figures and spread through XX Pages and an in-depth TOC on " India Medical Devices Market.” - https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-medical-devices-market/8161.html
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...Media Logic
When it comes to creating marketing strategies that target older adults, it is crucial to have insight into their media habits and preferences. Understanding how older adults consume and use media is key to creating acquisition and retention strategies. We recently conducted our seventh annual survey to gain insight into the media preferences of older adults in 2024. Here are the survey responses and marketing implications that stood out to us.
The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-TechGokul Rangarajan
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptxMatSouthwell1
Presentation made by Mat Southwell to the Harm Reduction Working Group of the English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners. Discuss stimulants, OAMT, NSP coverage and community-led approach to DCRs. Focussing on active drug user perspectives and interests
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2. What is an
Influenza?
Influenza is an
infectious disease
caused by a virus.
Symptoms to this type
of sickness can vary
between mild and
severe. Common
symptoms include:
High fever, runny nose,
coughing, sneezing,
headache, and fatigue.
Influenza is mostly
referred to as “Flu”.
3. Influenza
Type A
Influenza Type A is one of
the four different influenza
viruses, which can cause a
cough, body ache, and a
sore throat. Influenza A is
highly contagious and
spreads around easily that
is why it is important to
take safety precautions
while in a time
experiencing this type of
virus. In addition to
humans, this virus is found
in other living organisms.
4. Influenza
Type B
Unlike the Type A flu
virus, the Type B flu can
only be found in humans.
This type of flu can cause
less severe reaction than
influenza type A, but only
from time to time is the
type B flu extremely
harmful. Hence all this
Influenza type B is still
really contagious similarly
to Influenza type A.
6. Origin of
Viruses
Global society continues to be
dazzled from where do viruses
develop? Many people ask that
question, and opinions differed
on the answer. Here are some
believes by seasoned
Virologists:
• The Genetic Material
Hypothesis
• The Bacteria Hypothesis
• The Animal Hypothesis
None of the hypothesis have
been
scientifically proven yet.
7. The Genetic
Material
In this hypothesis, it is
believed that Viruses and
Bacteria originate from
mobile genetic elements,
that are capable of
moving within a genome,
and have gained the
ability to exit one cell and
enter another. This is
one of the hypothesis
virologists believe in.
8. The Bacteria
Hypothesis
For this Hypothesis, the
given thoughts are that
the virus has developed
inside the bacteria
which then moves on to
other cells applying the
flu on the Human Body.
Once again, this
hypothesis has not
been confirmed but is a
thought shared
between some people
around the world.
9. The Animal
Hypothesis
For the last Hypothesis, the
thought that we get viruses
from already infected
animals is a big possibility
especially after revealing the
truth behind how the
CoronaVirus all began e. We
can get infected by animals
while getting in close
contact. This is the prior
hypothesis that has the
highest merit in my opinion
behind how viruses formed,
although it yet has not been
proved.
10. How do They
Spread?
Viruses spread in
different ways
according to the virus.
The most common
way viruses are spread
usually is:
- Airborne
- Physical touch
- Mouth droplets
- Through Surfaces
11. a
Airborne
Spread
Many viruses can be spread
by the air which is the main
reason we wear masks
during a virus outbreak. This
type of spread can be
someone’s droplets flying
through the air all the way to
another person which then
starts to spread the disease
widely...
This type of spread is said to
be the most effective
between the rest.
12. a
Physical
Spread
Viruses can also be spread
physically. During an outbreak
it is important we don’t touch
each other physically to
prevent spread of the virus.
During physical touch people
who have already consumed
the virus spread the germs
during the physical touch.
(Handshakes, Hi Fives, etc.…)
13. Droplet
Spread
Viruses mainly the
respiratory ones spread
contagiously through
droplets. Wearing masks is
also useful in protecting a
person from consuming
the virus through this type
of spread. Social
Distancing also denies
viruses spreading by giving
distance between people
to prevent droplets from
transporting from one
person to another.
14. Surface
Spread
Cold and flu virus droplets
may remain infectious for
several hours, depending on
where they land. Viruses
generally remain active
longer on stainless steel,
plastic and similar hard
surfaces than fabric and soft
surfaces. The temperature
and humidity of the
environment also determine
how long cold and flu
viruses stay on surfaces.