Week 6.2: eCrime
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This document discusses link farming in online social media platforms like Twitter. It explains that link farming involves users exchanging reciprocal links or follows to improve their ranking in search engines and influence scores. While link farming aims to boost metrics, it is considered spamming behavior. The document notes that both spammers and some legitimate users engage in link farming on Twitter to gain more followers and appear higher in search results. It also presents data from a study of a large Twitter dataset that found a significant percentage of accounts, links, and clicks led to spam, malware, or scam sites.
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This document discusses research into spammers and link farmers on Twitter. It finds that the top spam-followers, who reciprocate all links from spammers, account for 60% of spammer links. Popular users with more followers are also more likely to reciprocate spammer links. However, analysis of the top 100,000 link farmers found that most were still active legitimate accounts, like bloggers and experts, rather than spammers. These link farmers seem to engage in the practice to increase their social capital and influence, with account bios focused on promoting their own content or business.
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MOBILE: 9791938249, 0413-2211159, WEB: WWW.NEXGENPROJECT.COM,WWW.FINALYEAR-IEEEPROJECTS.COM, EMAIL:Praveen@nexgenproject.com
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This document provides an introduction to an online course on privacy and security in online social media taught by Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. It outlines Kumaraguru's background and research interests in privacy, security, and data science related to online social media. It describes the course goals for students to understand privacy and security concerns on social media and analyze social media data. The document details assignments, online discussions, office hours, and course topics which will include hands-on experience with programming, social network analysis, and data visualization tools.
Privacy and Security in Online Social : Privacy and Pictures on Online Social...
This document summarizes a presentation on privacy and security in online social media. It discusses topics that will be covered including online social networks, programming languages, APIs, databases, and data analysis techniques. It then discusses concepts related to privacy including Westin's categories of privacy attitudes, concerns about privacy of personal information shared online, and types of privacy. Several experiments are described that aim to re-identify individuals by matching their publicly available social media photos with other unidentified sources, such as dating profiles or campus photos. The results showed that 6.3-10.5% of dating profiles and 38.18% of campus photos could be re-identified this way. The presentation concludes by discussing potential applications of these techniques in India.
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This document discusses responsible and safe artificial intelligence. It summarizes PK's work on developing context-aware models to reduce bias in large language models and techniques for removing harmful knowledge from models. The talk outlines issues like inconsistency in models, bias indicators, and corrective machine unlearning. It encourages collaborating to advance this important research and addresses building more accountability as models grow more powerful.
International Collaboration: Experiences, Challenges, Success stories
This document discusses strategies for successful international collaboration, including maintaining an active website, pursuing joint grant proposals, student exchanges through co-advising and visits, organizing workshops together, and publishing joint papers. It emphasizes finding connections through one's existing network to avoid cold emails, and developing equal partnerships.
Responsible & Safe AI: #LegalBias #Inconsistency #BiasinLLMs #MultiModalBias
The document summarizes a workshop on responsible and safe AI held at IIT Madras. It discusses topics like legal bias and inconsistency in large language models, bias in AI systems, and approaches to make models more interpretable and remove harmful knowledge. Live demonstrations of ChatGPT were shown to illustrate issues like factual inconsistencies and how context is needed to avoid confusion. Overall, the workshop highlighted challenges with AI systems and ongoing research efforts to address issues like bias, lack of context, and removal of harmful information.
Identify, Inspect and Intervene Multimodal Fake News
Fake news refers to intentionally and verifiably false stories created to manipulate people’s perceptions of reality.
The concept of fake news is not new and has marked its presence dating back to AD 1475, affecting the citizens of Italy on eastern Sunday to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Fake news has gained traction among audiences, created a buzz online, and faced repercussions offline. For instance, intruding hyperbolized fake articles into political campaigns or health and climate studies is havoc. In addition, the proliferation of fabricated stories has played a crucial role in inflaming or suppressing a social event. In conclusion, fake news is destructive and can lead to hatred against religion, politics, celebrities or organizations, resulting in riots/protests or even death.
The massive growth in the proliferation of fake news online might result from numerous technological advancements. Fake news seems to be the permanent reality, with social media being a primary conduit for its creation and dissemination. Despite the difficulty in identifying, tracking, and controlling unreliable content, there must be an effort to halt its expansion. Our research endeavors contribute to tackling various aspects of fake news, encompassing identification, inspection, and intervention. The premise of our thesis is firmly placed at the point where we analyze multiple facets of user-generated content produced online in the form of text and visuals to investigate the field of fake news.
First, we focus on devising different methods to Identify, a.k.a. detect fake news online, by extracting different feature sets from the given information. By designing foundational detection mechanisms, our work accelerates research innovations. Second, our research closely Inspects the fake stories from two perspectives. First, from the information point of view, one can inspect fabricated content to identify the patterns of false reports disseminating over the web, the modality used to create the fabricated content and the platform used for dissemination. Next, from the model point of view, we inspect detection mechanisms used in prior work and their generalizability to other datasets. The thesis also suggests Intervention techniques to help internet users broaden their comprehension of fake news. We discuss potential practical implications for social media platform owners and policymakers.
#ChatGPT #ResponsibleAI
Prompt engineering, Fine tuning, Indian languages, Code Mixing, Hallucination, Responsible AI, Facts, Writing email, Writing code, Breaking rules, Bias with #ChatGPT
Data Science for Social Good: #MentalHealth #CodeMix #LegalNLP #AISafety
Discuss work on using technology for Judiciary, Lawyers, etc. Analyse social media data, music listening habits for mental health. Bias and Safety in AI Systems.
Papers are available at https://precog.iiit.ac.in/pages/publications.html
It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abil...
This document appears to be the transcript from a B.Tech orientation presentation given by Ponnurangam Kumaraguru at IIIT Hyderabad. The presentation provides advice and encouragement to new students on managing their time at IIIT Hyderabad. It emphasizes making friends, trying new activities and clubs, controlling wants and FOMO, celebrating failures, and using social media to connect with others in a positive way. References are made to movies to illustrate points about perseverance, finding passion, and having a growth mindset during the transition to university life.
Beyond the Surface: A Computational Exploration of Linguistic Ambiguity
We investigate two specific forms of linguistic ambiguities - polysemy, which is the multiplicity of meanings for a specific word, and tautology, which are seemingly uninformative and ambiguous phrases used in conversations. Both phenomena are widely-known manifestations of linguistic ambiguity at the lexical and pragmatic level, respectively.
The first part of the thesis focuses on addressing this challenge by proposing a new method for quantifying the degree of polysemy in words, which refers to the number of distinct meanings that a word can have. The proposed approach is a novel, unsupervised framework to compute and estimate polysemy scores for words in multiple languages, infusing syntactic knowledge in the form of dependency structures. The proposed framework is tested on curated datasets controlling for different sense distributions of words in three typologically diverse languages - English, French, and Spanish. The framework leverages contextual language models and syntactic structures to empirically support the widely held theoretical linguistic notion that syntax is intricately linked to ambiguity/polysemy.
The second part of the thesis explores how language models handle colloquial tautologies, a type of redundancy commonly used in conversational speech. We first present a dataset of colloquial tautologies and evaluate several state-of-the-art language models on this dataset using perplexity scores. We conduct probing experiments while controlling for the noun type, context and form of tautologies. The results reveal that BERT and GPT2 perform better with modal forms and human nouns, which aligns with previous literature and human intuition.
Data Science for Social Good: #LegalNLP #AlgorithmicBias...
Talk describes legal NLP idea discusses the following papers:
HLDC: Hindi Legal Documents Corpus https://precog.iiit.ac.in/pubs/HLDC_ACL_2022.pdf
Drug consumption: https://precog.iiit.ac.in/pubs/Effect_oF_Feedback_on_Drug_Consumption_Disclosures_on_Social_Media___ICWSM2023___16Sept1730hrs.pdf
How to Write a (Good) Research Paper
This document provides tips for writing a good research paper. It discusses selecting an appropriate topic and audience, developing an outline, writing drafts for feedback, choosing a descriptive title, writing a literature review, crafting an introduction, including figures and tables, addressing reviewer comments, avoiding plagiarism, and acknowledging collaborators. The goal is to write papers that clearly communicate research and can be improved based on feedback from others.
Data Science for Social Good: #LegalNLP #AlgorithmicBias
This document summarizes research on evaluating algorithmic bias in models trained on Hindi legal documents. The researchers collected a dataset of 900k legal documents from Uttar Pradesh courts in Hindi. They trained a bail prediction model on this data and evaluated it for demographic parity bias related to religious attributes. The results showed the model predictions changed more when replacing Hindu names with Muslim names compared to the reverse, indicating a potential bias against Muslims. Overall, the study highlights the need to evaluate models trained on real-world legal data for fairness to avoid perpetuating societal biases.
Social Computing Research in India
I discussed our work on #LegalAI #CodeMixing #FakeNews #Elections and other cool projects that we are currently working on at https://precog.iiit.ac.in/
Social Computing Research in India
The document discusses social computing research in India, focusing on legal AI and natural language processing applications. It summarizes work analyzing over 900,000 Hindi legal documents from district courts in Uttar Pradesh. Models were developed for tasks like bail prediction and legal document summarization. The research also addresses challenges in processing code-mixed text and fact-checking social media. Overall, the document outlines current research areas and opportunities in social computing for Indian contexts and languages, and provides contact information for those interested in the work.
Modeling Online User Interactions and their Offline effects on Socio-Technica...
Do online interactions trigger reactions back in the offline world? How can these reactions be detected and quantified? Specifically, what insights can be extracted for users, platform owners, and policymakers to minimize the potential harm of such reactions?
Society functions based on the complex interactions between individuals, communities, and organizations. The advent of the Internet has enabled these interactions to move online. A website or an application that facilitates the digitization of social interactions is called a socio-technical platform. For instance, individuals converse with each other via direct messaging applications (e.g., WhatsApp, Telegram), share thoughts, and gather feedback from communities (e.g., Reddit, Twitter, Youtube). Trade of goods occurs via e-commerce (e.g., Flipkart, Amazon) and online marketplaces (e.g., Google Play store). At times interactions happening in the online world, trigger reactions in the offline world, which we call overflow. Such overflows can have either a positive or negative impact. Socio-technical platforms save every interaction and associated metadata, providing a unique opportunity to analyze rich data at scale. Discover interaction patterns, detect and quantify overflow of interactions, and extract insights for users and policymakers.
This report aims to study the interactions by keeping the individual as the focal point. We focus on two broad forms of interactions - i) the effect online community feedback can have on individual offline actions and ii) organizations leveraging individual customers' online presence to optimize business processes. In the first part, we work on two scenarios - (a) How does community feedback affect an individual future drug consumption frequency in a drug community forum? and (b) What changes does an individual undergo immediately after getting sudden popularity in Online social media? What actions help in maintaining popularity for longer? In the second part, we leverage online information about a customer to improve the prediction of Return-to-Origin in the e-commerce platform.
Privacy. Winter School on “Topics in Digital Trust”. IIT Bombay
The document provides an overview of privacy concepts including definitions of privacy, forms of privacy, social media privacy, data anonymity, and ethics around studying privacy. It discusses Westin's four states of privacy (solitude, intimacy, anonymity, reserve) and Solove's taxonomy of privacy harms. It also covers Westin's privacy indexes, privacy studies conducted in India, OECD and FTC privacy principles, and the costs of reading privacy policies.
The document then discusses privacy enhancing technologies like communication anonymizers, shared bogus online accounts, obfuscation, and anonymization. Examples of privacy invasive technologies like spyware and RFID are also provided. Privacy decision making frameworks like Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)
It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abil...
The document provides advice and guidance for students transitioning to campus life from PK, a professor at IIIT Hyderabad. It includes quotes and links related to time management, pursuing interests, controlling wants and FOMO, exploring options before deciding on majors, aiming high while making consistent small progress, and asking for help when needed. The document acknowledges students who provided inputs and the knowledge gained from others to help with advising students.
It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abil...
The document is a transcript of a talk given by PK to B.Tech orientation students at IIIT Hyderabad. Some key points from the talk include:
- Encouraging students to make friends, participate in clubs and extracurricular activities.
- Emphasizing time management and not missing out on opportunities in the first two semesters.
- Advising students to explore different projects and areas before deciding on a focus or specialization.
- Noting that managing courses, social life, hobbies and more will be challenging but important during their time at IIIT.
Leveraging Social Media for Financial Advice
Talk covering our work on NFT https://cdn.iiit.ac.in/cdn/precog.iiit.ac.in/pubs/Finweb_WWW_2022.pdf and ESG. Connecting social media for Fintech.
Development of Stress Induction and Detection System to Study its Effect on B...
Stress has become a significant mental health problem of the 21st century. The number of people suffering from stress is increasing rapidly. Thus, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and accurate biomarkers are needed to detect stress during its inception. Early detection of stress-related diseases allows people to access healthcare services. This thesis focuses on the development of stress stimuli and the detection of stress induced by these stimuli. Identifying brain regions affected while exposing the subject to these stressful stimuli has also been done. Three different stimuli, viz. videos, gamified application, and a game, are investigated to study their effect as stress induction stimuli. To this end, in this thesis, a system is proposed to classify participants into stressed and non-stressed categories using machine learning, deep learning, and statistical techniques. The statistical significance between stressed and non-stressed was found using Higuchi Fractal Dimensions (HFD) feature extracted from EEG. This feature also helped identify the brain’s most affected region due to stress. Another outcome of this thesis is the extra annotation of the ground truth which further helps to validate the participant’s experience under the influence of stressful stimuli. This annotation was performed by evaluating participant performance under time pressure. In addition, a technique based on in-game analytics is presented to complement the betterment of self-reported data. Further, another dimension utilizing signatures from WiFi Media Access Control (MAC) layer traffic is presented to detect stress indicators in a device-agnostic way.
A Framework for Automatic Question Answering in Indian Languages
The distribution of research efforts done in the field of Natural Language
Processing (NLP) has not been uniform across all natural languages. It has
been observed that there is a significant gap between the development of
NLP tools in Indic languages (indic-NLP), and in European languages. We
aim to explore different directions to develop an automatic question answering system for Indic languages. We built a FAQ-retrieval based chatbot for
healthcare workers and young mothers of India. It supported Hindi language in either Devanagri script or Roman script. We observed that, in our
FAQ database, if there exists a question similar to the query asked by the
user, then the developed chatbot is able to find a relevant Question-Answer
pair (QnA) among its top-3 suggestions 70% of the time. We also observed
that performance of our chatbot is dependent on the diversity in the FAQ
database. Since database creation requires substantial manual efforts, we decided to explore other ways to curate knowledge from raw text irrespective
of domain.
We developed an Open Information Extraction (OIE) tool for Indic languages. During the preprocessing, chunking of text is performed with our
fine-tuned chunker, and the phrase-level dependency tree was constructed
using the predicted chunks. In order to generate triples, various rules were
handcrafted using the dependency relations in Indic languages. Our method
performed better than other multilingual OIE tools on manual and automatic evaluations. The contextual embeddings used in this work does not
take syntactic structure of sentence into consideration. Hence, we devised
an architecture that takes the dependency tree of the sentence into consideration to calculate Dependency-aware Transformer (DaT) embeddings.
Since the dependency tree is also a graph, we used Graph Convolution
Network (GCN) to incorporate the dependency information into the contextual embeddings, thus producing DaT embeddings. We used a hate-speech
detection task to evaluate the effectiveness of DaT embeddings. Our future
plan is to evaluate the applicability of DaT embeddings for the task of chunking. Moreover, the broader aim for the future is to develop an end-to-end
pronoun resolution model to improve the quality of triples and DaT embeddings. We also aim to explore the applicability of all our works to solve the
problem of long-context question answering.
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◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证Offer一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
On Storytelling & Magic Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Shame, and ...
ABSTRACT: Salman Rushdie’s novels are humorous books about serious times. His cosmopolitanism and
hybrid identity allowed him access to multiple cultures, religions, languages, dialects, and various modes of
writing. His style is often classified as magic realism, blending the imaginary with the real. He draws
inspiration from both English literature and Indian classical sources. Throughout his works, there is a lineage of
‘bastards of history’, a carnival of shameful characters scrolling all along his works. Rushdie intertwines fiction
with reality, incorporating intertextual references to Western literature in his texts, and frequently employing
mythology to explore history. This paper focuses on Rushdie’s three novels: Midnight’s Children, Shame, and
Haroun and the Sea of Stories, analyzing his postmodern storytelling techniques that aim to explore human
vices and follies while offering socio-political criticism.
KEYWORDS : Magic Realism, Rushdie, Satire, Storytelling, Transfictional Identities
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISM
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
HMS Facebook Stories All V1 06092024.docx
The conversations on Facebook from the Herringswell Manor School group from 2009 to the first half of 2024
一比一原版(AU毕业证)英国阿伯丁大学毕业证如何办理
AU毕业证文凭证书【微信95270640】《英国阿伯丁大学毕业证书原版制作AU成绩单》【Q微信95270640】《仿制AU毕业证成绩单英国阿伯丁大学学位证书pdf电子图》，A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
实体公司，专业可靠，办理加拿大毕业证|办美国成绩单|做德国文凭学历认证|办新西兰学位证，办澳洲文凭认证，办留信网认证（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）铸就十年品质！信誉！实体公司！
文凭办理流程：
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3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
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二：真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明）使馆存档
三：真实教育部认证教育部存档教育部留服网站可查
四：留信认证留学生信息网站可查
五：与学校颁发的相关证件1:1纸质尺寸制定（定期向各大院校毕业生购买最新版本毕,业证成绩单保证您拿到的是鲁昂大学内部最新版本毕业证成绩单微信95270640）
A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。却也灵机一动立马仰起头双手拢在嘴边朝楼上大喊：“爸爸爸——有人找——那人一听朝山娃尴尬地笑笑悻悻地走了山娃立马“嘭的一声将铁门锁死心却咚咚地乱跳当山娃跟父亲说起这事时父亲很吃惊抚摸着山娃的头说还好醒得及时要不家早被人掏空了到时连电视也没得看啰不过父亲还是夸山娃能临危不乱随机应变有胆有谋山娃笑笑说那都是书上学的看童话和小说时学的不管如何父亲再也不许山娃敞开门坐到门口了父亲递给山娃钥匙说一出门就将门山
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra Vinh
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
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CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
ABSTRACT: Security plays an important role in human life and endeavors. Securing information and
disseminating are critical challenges in the present day. This study aimed at identifying innovative technologies
that aid cybercrimes and can constitute threats to cybersecurity in North Central (Middle Belt) Nigeria covering
its six States and the FCT Abuja. A survey research design was adopted. The researchers employed the use of
Google form in administering the structured questionnaire. The instruments were faced validated by one expert
each from ICT and security. Cronbach Alpha reliability Coefficient was employed and achieved 0.83 level of
coefficient. The population of the study was 200, comprising 100 undergraduate students from computer science
and Computer/Robotics Education, 80 ICT instructors, technologists and lecturers in the University and
Technical Colleges in the Middle Belt Nigeria using innovative technologies for their daily jobs and 20 officers
of the crime agency such as: Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) andEconomic and Financial
Crimes Commission (EFCC). Three research purposes and questions as well as the hypothesis guided the study
on Five (5) point Likert scale. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the three
research questions while three hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Major findings
revealed that serious steps are needed to better secure the cybers against cybercrimes. Motivation, types, threats
and strategies for the prevention of cybercrimes were identified. The study recommends that government,
organizations and individuals should place emphasis on moral development, regular training of its employees,
regular update of software, use strong password, back up data and information, produce strong cybersecurity
policy, install antivirus soft and security surveillance (CCTV) in offices in order to safeguard its employees and
properties from being hacked and vandalized.
KEYWORDS: Cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyberattack, cybercriminal, computer virus, Virtual Private Networks
(VPN).
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING agency and service
Social media marketing: strategy, audience targeting, content creation, engagement, paid advertising, analytics, adaptation, relationship building, authenticity, optimization.
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study investigates the adaption experiences of indigenous college students at the
University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
Iconic Logix | Best Digital Marketing Agency For Iconic Success
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The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
UR BHATTI ACADEMY AND ONLINE COURSES.pdf
UR BHatti Academy dedicated to providing the finest IT courses training in the world. Under the guidance of experienced trainer Usman Rasheed Bhatti, we have established ourselves as a professional online training firm offering unparalleled courses in Pakistan. Our academy is a trailblazer in Dijkot, being the first institute to officially provide training to all students at their preferred schedules, led by real-world industry professionals and Google certified staff.
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On Storytelling & Magic Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Shame, and ...
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STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISM
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISM
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra Vinh
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra Vinh
CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...
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The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...
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Week 6.2: eCrime
- 1. Privacy and Security in Online Social Media Course on NPTEL NOC-CS07 Week 6.2 Ponnurangam Kumaraguru (“PK”) Associate Professor ACM Distinguished Speaker fb/ponnurangam.kumaraguru, @ponguru
- 2. Link farming ⚫Search engines rank websites / webpages based on graph metrics such as Pagerank -High in-degree helps to get high Pagerank ⚫Link farming in Web -Websites exchange reciprocal links with other sites to improve ranking by search engines 2
- 3. Link farming ⚫A link farm is a form of spamming the index of a search engine (sometimes called spamdexing or spamexing). 3
- 4. Why link farming in Twitter? ⚫Twitter has become a Web within the Web - Vast amounts of information and real-time news - Twitter search becoming more and more common - Search engines rank users by follower-rank, Pagerank to decide whose tweets to return as search results - High indegree (#followers) seen as a metric of influence - Klout score influenced by Twitter indegree ⚫Link farming in Twitter - Spammers follow other users and attempt to get them to follow back (Reciprocity)
- 5. Link farming in Web & Twitter similar? ⚫Motivation is similar -Higher indegree will give better ranks in search results ⚫Who engages in link farming? -Web – spammers -Twitter – spammers + many legitimate, popular users !!! ⚫Additional factors in Twitter -‘Following back’ considered a social etiquette
- 6. Spam in Twitter ⚫ “five spam campaigns controlling 145 thousand accounts combined are able to persist for months at a time, with each campaign enacting a unique spamming strategy.” 7
- 7. Spam in Twitter ⚫ “We find that 8% of 25 million URLs posted to the site point to phishing, malware, and scams listed on popular blacklists.” ⚫ “We find that Twitter is a highly successful platform for coercing users to visit spam pages, with a clickthrough rate of 0.13%, compared to much lower rates previously reported for email spam” 8
- 8. Spam in Twitter ⚫ “finding that 16% of active accounts exhibit a high degree of automation.” ⚫ “find that 11% of accounts that appear to publish exclusively through the browser are in fact automated accounts that spoof the source of the updates.” 9
- 9. Dataset ⚫Complete snapshot of Twitter, 2009 ⚫54 million users, 1.9 billion links! Largest dataset! 10
- 10. Nodes 11
- 11. Spammers ⚫379,340 accounts has been suspended in the interval, Aug 09 – Feb 11 -Spam-activity or long inactivity ⚫41,352 suspended accounts posted at least one blacklisted URL shortened by bitly, tinyurl 12
- 12. Spammers ⚫# of spam-targets, spam-followers, their overlap ⚫82% of spam followers overlap with the spam-targets 13
- 13. Spammers ⚫# of spammers who rank within the top K according to pagerank 14
- 14. Spammers ⚫# of spammers who rank within the top K according to pagerank ⚫7 spammers rank within 10,000, 304 within 100,000 and 2,131 within 1million 15