HPHY 212 Week 4, lecture 1 publications-fall 2014
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HPHY 212 Week 4, lecture 1 publications-fall 2014
- 1. Bibliometrics – superbetter quest +7 concussions and next steps
- 2. Learning objectives • Review creating a hypothesis to research a question. • Practice identifying the differences between a case study, a scientific study, a review or a meta-analysis for a scholarly article. • Understand how to use boolean, subject headings and MeSH terms and peer-reviewed journals for advanced searching. • Recognize that there are predatory academic journals.
- 3. Are placebos effective medicine? A. Yes B. No
- 5. What do you know about placebos after watching that video? What do you still not know?
- 7. Practice Turn your questions into: A purpose and hypothesis Then a search statement
- 8. Do placebo pills of different colors, sizes and shapes really make a difference?
- 9. I hypothesize that people will respond differently to placebo pills of different colors, sizes and shapes.
- 10. People will respond differently to placebo pills of different color, sizes and shapes. (respond OR differently) AND placebo pills AND (color OR size OR shape)
- 11. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1982 Aug;2(4):245-8. An investigation of drug expectancy as a function of capsule color and size and preparation form. Buckalew LW, Coffield KE. Display Settings: Abstract J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1982 Aug;2(4):245-8. An investigation of drug expectancy as a function of capsule color and size and preparation form. Buckalew LW, Coffield KE. Abstract Much of a drug response is related to nonspecific factors. Perceptual characteristics of drug preparations likely play a major role in expectancy and response. This study focused on perceptual characteristics of a preparation related to anticipated effect: capsule color, capsule size, and preparation form (capsule versus tablet). College students ranked capsules for perceived strength based on capsule size, categorized capsules in terms of anticipated pharmacological effect based on color, and evaluated strength based on preparation form. Data showed nonchance distributions for nine capsule colors in anticipated action, with specific effects for four colors. A significant difference between capsule and tablet for perceived strength was found, as was a trend relating capsule size to perceived drug strength. Discussion centered on awareness and consideration of drug perceptual characteristics in support of drug efficacy. Abstract Much of a drug response is related to nonspecific factors. Perceptual characteristics of drug preparations likely play a major role in expectancy and response. This study focused on perceptual characteristics of a preparation related to anticipated effect: capsule color, capsule size, and preparation form (capsule versus tablet). College students ranked capsules for perceived strength based on capsule size, categorized capsules in terms of anticipated pharmacological effect based on color, and evaluated strength based on preparation form. Data showed nonchance distributions for nine capsule colors in anticipated action, with specific effects for four colors. A significant difference between capsule and tablet for perceived strength was found, as was a trend relating capsule size to perceived drug strength. Discussion centered on awareness and consideration of drug perceptual characteristics in support of drug efficacy. PMID: 7119132 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances Publication Types Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH Terms Adult Capsules* Color Female Humans Male Personality Placebos* Psychology Sex Factors Tablets PMID: 7119132 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances Publication Types Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Substances MeSH Terms Adult Capsules* Color Female PubMed Data showed nonchance distributions for nine capsule colors in anticipated action…. A significant difference between capsule and tablet for perceived strength was found...
- 12. 12
- 13. Save to mendeley Demo video here: http://youtu.be/s4nwB9Kpjnk
- 14. Wikipedia project The talk page What would you do? Put that in the survey
- 15. Survey asks you to: 1. How will you improve the wikipedia article on concussions here. Did you fix a citation, find a better one, expand on the research, etc.? 2. Copy what you wrote or would like to write …on the talk page. 3. Did you make this change? 4. Do you want to be an editor?
- 17. Pearling Newer/ forward in time Older/ backward in time Peer reviewed article References 1. 2. 3. 4. etc. Peer reviewed article References 1. 2. 3. 4. etc. References Peer reviewed article 1. 2. 3. 4. etc. References 1. 2. 3. 4. etc. Peer reviewed article Peer reviewed article References 1. 2. 3. 4. etc. Footnote chasing
- 18. NEW: Berry picking • Pick and choose • Expert in your topic
- 19. Hierarchy of evidence Study 3 Statistical results Study 2 Statistical results Study 1 Statistical results Meta-analysis combined/pooled stats Study 4 Statistical results
- 20. Meta-analysis Combines data from many studies. • May combine data from case/control and cohort studies merging data increasing sample size. Two problems with meta-analysis are: • publication bias (studies with no effect or little effect may not even get published) and the quality of the design of the studies from which data is pulled. This can lead to misleading results.
- 21. Reviews [Publication Type] An article or book published after examination of published material on a subject. It may be comprehensive to various degrees and the time range of material scrutinized may be broad or narrow, but the reviews most often desired are reviews of the current literature. The textual material examined may be equally broad and can encompass, in medicine specifically, clinical material as well as experimental research or case reports….
- 22. Example 1 Example 2 A. Meta analysis B. Review C. Scientific Study D. Case studies
- 23. How is a meta-review different? 1. 2. 3. 4.
- 24. See 1 citation found using an alternative search: PubMed (2008). "Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults". Lancet Neurology Lancet Neurol. 2008 Aug;7(8):728-41. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70164-9. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Maas AI , Stocchetti N, Bullock R. Display Settings: Abstract See 1 citation found using an alternative search: Lancet Neurol. 2008 Aug;7(8):728-41. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70164-9. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Maas AI , Stocchetti N, Bullock R. 1 Author information Traditional approaches to the classification of clinical severity debate owing to the widespread policy of early sedation and ventilation in patients, and are being supplemented with structural and functional neuroimaging. research has greatly advanced our knowledge of the mechanisms involved creating opportunities for medical intervention and targeted therapies; however, research into patient benefit remains a challenge. Clinical management structured and evidence based since the publication of guidelines covering this Review, we summarise new developments and current knowledge and moderate and severe TBI in adults. Suggestions are provided for the way 1 Author information Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem that affects all societies. In recent years, patterns of injury have been changing, with more injuries, particularly contusions, occurring in older patients. Blast injuries have been identified as a novel entity with specific characteristics. Traditional approaches to the classification of clinical severity are the subject of debate owing to the widespread policy of early sedation and ventilation in more severely injured patients, and are being supplemented with structural and functional neuroimaging. Basic science research has greatly advanced our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in secondary damage, creating opportunities for medical intervention and targeted therapies; however, translating this research into patient benefit remains a challenge. Clinical management has become much more structured and evidence based since the publication of guidelines covering many aspects of care. In this Review, we summarise new developments and current knowledge and controversies, focusing on moderate and severe TBI in adults. Suggestions are provided for the way forward, with an emphasis on epidemiological monitoring, trauma organisation, and approaches to management. Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem recent years, patterns of injury have been changing, with more injuries, particularly occurring in older patients. Blast injuries have been identified as a novel characteristics. PMID: 18635021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Grant Support Publication Types Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review MeSH Terms Adult Brain Injuries/classification* Brain Injuries/diagnosis* Brain Injuries/economics Brain Injuries/epidemiology Guidelines as Topic Full text links Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Grant Support Review MeSH Terms
- 25. Search appropriate databases Using advanced search strategies Boolean Precision Peer review* Remember
- 26. Boolean AND, OR, NOT concussion Traumatic Brain Injur* Closed head injur* (concussion OR traumatic brian injur* OR closed head injur*) = larger set
- 27. Boolean AND, OR, NOT Concussion brain injur* College athlet* Return to play (concussion OR brain injur*) AND return to play AND college athlete*) = more precise set
- 28. Boolean AND, OR, NOT concussions comas
- 29. Find what you want Structure of information
- 30. How do you find your…
- 32. How are books arranged in a library?
- 33. Call numbers
- 34. Call numbers
- 35. Call numbers : Subject headings
- 36. How are articles arranged found in databases?
- 37. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) retrieve information that uses different terminology for the same concepts. syncope Used for: – Fainting – Vertigo – Drop attacks
- 38. MeSH Hierarchical changes slowly controlled vocabulary
- 42. Subject Headings • Medical Subject Headings, or MeSH terms (Pubmed) • Descriptors (Academic Search Premier) • Library of Congress Subject Headings – LC subjects - (Library catalog/OCLC/Janus)
- 43. Precision
- 44. If I use MeSH in my search will I get more precise* articles on my topic or more general articles? A.More precise B.More general
- 45. Altmetrics
- 49. Remember “let’s pretend everything is right with the world…”
- 52. Publisher Threatens Librarian With $1 Billion Lawsuit
- 55. Retractions More on: http://retractionwatch.com
- 57. Quest 1 Tap your feet on the floor as fast as you can for 10 seconds OR make your hands into fists. raise them over your head as high as you can for 10 seconds
- 59. Quest 2 snap your fingers exactly 50 times OR count backwards from 100 by 7 (100, 93, etc.)
- 61. Quest 3 Find a window to look out of OR image search for [your favorite baby animals]
- 64. Quest 4 shake someone’s hand for 6 seconds OR send someone a quick thank you by text, email, FB or twitter
- 66. Show me the science http://janemcgonigal.com/2014/01/06/superbe tter-show-me-the-science/
- 67. +1 physical resilience +1 mental resilience +1 emotional resilience +1 social resilience
- 68. + 10 years
- 70. Suggested reading - hierarchy of evidence Greenhalgh, T. (1997). How to read a paper. Getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about). BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 315(7102), 243–6. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC212 7173/pdf/9253275.pdf Understanding and using the Hierarchy of Evidence https://hive.library.uwa.edu.au/hive/cache/202902 /hive.cgi/zip/202902/LO2ACQ_FBE/html/understan d.html
- 71. Example 1 Example 2
- 72. How is a meta-review different? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Editor's Notes
- Use Mendeley to store citations and make bibliographies. Utilize appropriate search strategies include keyword v. MeSH searching; using Boolean; truncation; limits; related articles; times cited; footnote chasing. Students will be able to use MeSH when searching PubMed and use something unique from one other database for their topic.
- New story, new topic
- Where there references? What were their references for those facts? How could you research this further? Lmgtfy Want to look up anything? Do pills work differently from other forms National differences in color of placebo pills?
- Do red pills really work differently than blue in Spain? Does pushing the button really do nothing? Do pills work differently from other forms of placebo? National differences in color of placebo pills?
- question
- hypothesis
- Rule of telling science stories – support your statements with evidence Even introductions have citations!
- Why are we doing this? Mini- assignment Change to make a real change – improve Building knowledge and getting the facts right – are the statements well supported – better knowledge base of what we know We’ve found the most cited – show them the most used sources Use cites to get more recent sources Can consider the hierarchy of evidence as well as citations Are you ready? Let’s think about it and get back to it on Tuesday…. Which ones do you want to submit to the PI at UW? WHY?!!!! KW and search a database. Which one?!!!!
- Specifically, the survey asks you these questions. Counts as a participation credit.
- REMEMBER: You know how to take 1 article and find out where it is in the conversation of science As you get to be experts you’ll start to recognize what’s important and you can pick from here and there.
- http://hsl.lib.umn.edu/biomed/help/understanding-research-study-designs Arrows going up and the many boxes below the 1 box – make the combined box wider
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68016454
- Use the ones from the survey Find the things that make a meta-review and review different? Meta from last week B. review
- Single focused question or overview of several related questions + data sources, study selection, data extraction, data synthesis An analysis of the data. Review: Went through literature and found all articles on a topic. Big bibliographies!
- Can always check in PubMed
- PubMed GS WorldCat ASP
- REMEMBER: Everything you can call it
- Wearing jeans AND ( short sleeves) NOT green, yellow, red More with OR, fewer with AND
- Wearing jeans AND ( short sleeves) NOT green, yellow, red More with OR, fewer with AND
- A shoe collection?
- Another way to organize information
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzbDdgWiaS0&feature=share&list=FLqNg9nU6uEGnR2sNkn8GA6w
- LC call numbers are for topics – organized by the alphabet from Jefferson – how else could you organize a library? Author, size, color, when the book arrived, etc. Just like we just did with those virtual shoe closets Assign all books in a library subject headings – also based on their topic. What do you think is the topic for the LC call number - QP 82.2 Stress (physiology) Subject headings = use 1 word for all the synonyms – richness of english – allows all items on a topic to be in 1 spot…if you know where to look. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufltS3vpJoQ&feature=share&list=FLqNg9nU6uEGnR2sNkn8GA6w Each individual book gets a topic and call number – how about each article?
- LC call numbers are for topics – organized by the alphabet from Jefferson – how else could you organize a library? Author, size, color, when the book arrived, etc. Just like we just did with those virtual shoe closets Assign all books in a library subject headings – also based on their topic. What do you think is the topic for the LC call number - QP 82.2 Stress (physiology) Subject headings = use 1 word for all the synonyms – richness of english – allows all items on a topic to be in 1 spot…if you know where to look. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufltS3vpJoQ&feature=share&list=FLqNg9nU6uEGnR2sNkn8GA6w Each individual book gets a topic and call number – how about each article?
- Use 1 word to describe a great number of different things, you don’t need carrots, and celery and tomatoes to know that the fresh vegetables are in this section Similarly in libraries – put all of the books on 1 topic under 1 subject heading and give it a call number An OPAC allows us to put more than 1 word to describe what the item is about In a grocery store, when you’re looking for the Cherry Garcia ice cream, do you need the aisle market to say Ben and Jerry’s? Ice cream? Maybe Frozen food? Sure. There’s a backbone to the databases that we use, and an organization to the information systems in our libraries Subject headings = use 1 word for all the synonyms – richness of english – allows all items on a topic to be in 1 spot…if you know where to look. LC call numbers are for topics – organized by the alphabet from Jefferson – how else could you organize a library? Author, size, color, when the book arrived, etc. https://flic.kr/p/aXZSfK
- Cancer KEYWORD TO SUBJECT SEARCH Committees Heirarchy, etc. Start a search however you think would work. “functional movement screen AND injuries” Hope that one of them is good and try to find more like it. Look at the title, abstract and authors Change to CITATION view if not already See if the MeSH headings are of any use
- SARS – took a long time to add to the – 2-3 years after was an epidemic had to use bird flu Committees Heirarchy, etc. PTSD HIV and AIDS
- First added, likely here, likes of subheadings, but not very specific.
- 11 years later. What do you notice is different? More specific, more entry terms/synonyms, took some time
- Subject headings are like the things in the grocery story aisles ironic right? Change the search somewhat…usually help you focus your search "Post-Exercise Hypotension” – NOT retroactive
- Not so helpful to think of these as getting you more or less information – the object is to get you better more precisely what you are looking for
- MeSH helps you if you’re (precise = more on your topic) True or false = MeSH terms allow you to create a more precise search
- http://altmetrics.org/about/ Controversial – might be easier to manipulate – but still an interesting idea to count a scholarly publication and interest from a larger community and sometimes less formal.
- REMEMBER: You’ve learned how to tell good sources from not so good sources
- The librarian who is pointing out that there are 2 journals with the same title, from VERY different sources http://scholarlyoa.com/2012/09/18/two-publishers-each-have-a-journal-with-the-same-title/
- Who has a clear list of criteria for determining how he makes his decision
- Is being sued! http://chronicle.com/article/Publisher-Threatens-to-Sue/139243/ Or http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/05/15/184233141/publisher-threatens-librarian-with-1-billion-lawsuit
- Even with peer review – it’s getting more like those phishing emails – would you trust this?
- What about this?
- Others are working on reporting fraud and other problems http://retractionwatch.com Snopes, others?
- You can take your research and do anything with it – I hope you’ll all be able to make a contribution to the wikipedia article about concussions – improving the information we all have access too – other ways to apply concussion research Game designer Jane McGonigal suffered a concussion and spent months feeling like she was going to die – developed this game to heal herself and to help others heal too. As we go through this think about what is the research you’d want to see about this? Can you find evidence that this is true? Does she have primary literature? Is she worth listening to?
- http://www.ted.com/talks/jane_mcgonigal_the_game_that_can_give_you_10_extra_years_of_life.html physical resilience +1 - more stress and heal faster (don’t sit still)
- physical resilience +1 - more stress and heal faster (don’t sit still)
- mental resiliance - more focus, discipline, will power - gets stronger when you exercise it so tackling a challenge will boost willpower
- mental resiliance - more focus, discipline, will power - gets stronger when you exercise it so tackling a challenge will boost willpower
- emotional resilience - powerful emotions - love or curiosity - if you can manage to experience for 3 positive emotions for 1 negative an hour each day in a week - 3:1 positive emotion ratio - improve health and ability to tackle any problem you are facing.
- emotional resilience - powerful emotions - love or curiosity - if you can manage to experience for 3 positive emotions for 1 negative an hour each day in a week - 3:1 positive emotion ratio - improve health and ability to tackle any problem you are facing.
- social resliance - gratitude and touch - shaking hands for 6 seconds dramatically raises oxytocin (trust) - now biochemically primed to like and help one another for some time.
- social resliance - gratitude and touch - shaking hands for 6 seconds dramatically raises oxytocin (trust) - now biochemically primed to like and help one another for some time. Do you believe? What do you want to ask?
- http://janemcgonigal.com/2014/01/06/superbetter-show-me-the-science/ Can you find evidence that this is true? Does she have primary literature? Is she worth listening to?
- Raised your physical – not sitting still Raised your mental – tackling a challenge (even if it was sort of silly) Raised your emotional resilience - powerful emotion of love or curiosity - 3 to 1 positive emotion ration Raised your social resilience – by engendering feelings of gratitude and/or touch
- Research shows that by increasing this resilience all the time, can add 10 years to your life
- What are you going to do with your 7 minutes? Play a game Learn something wonderful Read a good book Make it count
- Use the ones from the survey Find the things that make a meta-review and review different? Meta from last week B. review
- Single focused question or overview of several related questions + data sources, study selection, data extraction, data synthesis An analysis of the data. Review: Went through literature and found all articles on a topic. Big bibliographies!