2. OBJECTIVES:
Define human behavior;
Name and discuss the different
viewpoints in the study of human
behavior;
Identify and explain the different
factors that affect human behavior;
Discuss the motivation on human
behavior; and
Enumerate and explain the causes
and characteristics of human behavior.
3. II. HUMAN BEHAVIOR
A. Definition
Human Behavior- voluntary or
involuntary attitude of a person adopts
to fit society’s idea of right and wrong.
4. B. Viewpoints in the Study of
Human Behavior
1. Neurological- emphasizes human
actions in relation to events taking place
inside the body, especially the brain and
the nervous system.
2. Behavioral- focuses on the external
activities that can be observed and
measured.
5. 3. Cognitive- concerned with the way the
brain processes and transforms
information in various
ways.
4. Psychoanalytical- emphasizes
unconscious motives stemming from
represses sexual and aggressive impulses
in childhood.
6. 5. Humanistic- focuses on the subject’s
experience, freedom of choice and
motivation towards self- actualization.
7. C. Factors that Affect Human
Behavior
Heredity- it is determined by genes.
Genes are segments of cell structures
called chromosomes by which parents
pass on traits to their offspring.
8. Environment- consists of the
conditions and factors that surround
and influence on individual.
Learning- is the process by which
behavior changes as a result of
experience or practice.
9. D. Motivation of Human
Behavior
1. The Needs Theory of Human
Motivation
This theory states that, throughout the
life, desires, wishes and drives,
collectively called needs, motive all.
When not fulfilled, these needs place the
individual under stress and in order to
relieve the tensions created, one has to
strive for appropriate satisfactions.
10. These needs are arranged
according to its hierarchy, to
wit:
1. Physiological needs: hunger, thirst, air, etc.
2. Safety needs: the need for freedom from
threat and danger
3. The Sense of Belonging and Love Needs:
the need for affiliation, belongings and
acceptance
4. Esteem Needs: the need for achievements,
strength, competence, reputation and status or
prestige
5. The Need for Self- Actualization: the need
for self fulfillment to realize potentialities to
become what one is capable of becoming.
11. 2. The Psychodynamics of
Human Motivation
Psychodynamics , which literally
means motivation to action, define
human behavior in terms of the inner
personality of the inner self. The concept
of subjective life and inner forces within,
called “mental personality”. It claimed
that the mind has three levels by which
its psychic forces operate, namely: the
Id, Ego and Superego.
12. Id- pertains to the raw, unorganized,
inherited part of personality whose
sole purpose is to reduce tension
created by primitive drives related to
hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational
impulses.
13. Ego- part of personality that provides
a buffer between the id and the
outside world. In contrast to the
pleasure-seeking nature of the id, the
ego operates according to the reality
principle, in which instinctual energy’s
restrained in order to maintain the
safety of the individual and help
integrate the person in society.
14. Superego- The part of personality that
represents the morality of society as
presented by parents, teachers and
others.
15. Parts of the Superego
1. Conscience- part of the superego
that prevents a person from doing what
is morally wrong.
2. Ego- Ideal- The part of superego that
motivates a person to do what is morally
proper.
Psychoanalytic Theory- Freud’s theory
that unconscious forces act as
determinants of personality
17. Stage Age Major Characteristics
Oral Birth to 12-18
months
Interest in oral gratification from sucking, eating,
mouthing, biting
Anal 12-18 months to 3
years
Gratification from expelling and withholding feces;
coming to terms with society’s controls relating to
toilet training
Phallic 3-5-6 years Interest I the genitals; coming to terms with Oedipal
conflict, leading to identification with same-sex parent
Latency 5-6 years to
adolescence
Sexual concerns largely unimportant
Genital Adolescence to
Adulthood
Reemergence of sexual interests and establishment
of mature sexual relationships
Stages of Personality Development According to Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
21. H. Causes of Human Behavior
Sensation- feeling or impression of
stimulus
◦ Visual- sight
◦ Olfactory- smell
◦ Cutaneous- touch
◦ Auditory- hearing
◦ Gustatory- taste
Perception- knowledge of stimulus
Awareness- psychological activity, it is
accordance with the interpretation and
experience of objects of
stimulus
22. I. Characteristics of Behavior
Primarily native or learned.
Evoked by external stimuli or internal
need.
Automatic, voluntary, conscious motor
or intentional.
24. K. Conflict
An emotional state or condition in which
people have to make difficult decisions
about two or more competing motives,
behaviors, or impulses.
25. Three Types of Conflict
Approach-Approach Conflict –Conflict
that results from having to choose
between two equally attractive
alternatives or goals.
Avoidance- Avoidance Conflict –
Conflicts that results from having to
choose between two equally distasteful
alternatives or goals.
Approach-Avoidance Conflict –
Conflicts that result from having to
choose an alternative or goal that has
both attractive and repellant aspects.
