The document discusses the Northern Renaissance in Europe, especially in areas like Holland, Belgium, and Germany. It focuses on several important 15th century Flemish artists like Jan van Eyck, known for works like the Arnolfini Portrait and the Ghent Altarpiece. Rogier van der Weyden and Hans Memling were other influential Flemish painters of this time period. The document also covers Matthias Grunewald in Germany and Hieronymus Bosch in the Netherlands, known for his strange and grotesque motifs. The rise of printed images and books in the 15th century, pioneered by artists like Albrecht Dürer, helped disseminate ideas and spread the Renaissance
Ferdinand Hodler's 1912-13 painting "Lake of Thun with the Niesen" will be offered at auction, depicting the mountain peak Niesen looming over the still waters of Lake Thun. The auction will also include works by Expressionist artists Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Alexej von Jawlensky, as well as a landscape by Otto Dix. Additionally, the auction features works by Swiss artists Ferdinand Hodler, Albert Anker and Gottardo Segantini.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was born in 1880 in Germany and studied architecture and painting in Munich and Dresden. He was a founding member of the expressionist group Die Brücke. Kirchner developed a style of expressionism using radical simplification of forms and sharp lines with clashing colors. His work was later deemed "degenerate art" by the Nazis and many of his pieces were destroyed or sold, which led Kirchner to commit suicide in 1938.
Kirchner was born in 1880 in Bavaria and studied architecture and painting in Germany. He helped found Die Brücke, a key Expressionist artist group. Though his family did not support his artistic career, he became a prominent Expressionist painter known for works like "The Soldiers Bath." However, the Nazis condemned his art as "degenerate" and he committed suicide in 1938.
This document provides information about artworks being auctioned by Koller Auctions, including:
1. An early bronze cast of Auguste Rodin's famous sculpture "The Kiss" from 1905.
2. A 1914 portrait of dancer Siddi Riha painted by Erich Heckel that survived World War II and changed ownership several times.
3. Two watercolors by Paul Klee from his 1914 trip to Tunisia with August Macke and Louis Moilliet, showing the influence of his travels on his geometric abstract style.
History of art(west and middle east)- contemporary art ,art ,contemporary art ,art-history of art ,iranian art ,iranian contemporary art ,famous iranian artist ,middle east art ,european art
The document discusses several artworks by Egon Schiele including self-portraits, portraits of women, and landscapes. It notes Schiele's distinctive style with an emphasis on elongated figures and use of color, line, and space. The document suggests Schiele's works fit into the Expressionist movement through their emotional depiction of human suffering and similarities to the human body and nature.
Art Nouveau was an international style that originated in the late 19th century. It was inspired by natural forms and structures like curved vines and flowers. Key characteristics included flowing, organic lines. William Morris was an influential early proponent in the 1860s. The style was popular until around 1910. Expressionism emerged in Germany around 1905 as an abstract style focused on personal expression over realistic depiction. It used vivid colors and dramatic brushstrokes to convey emotions and unrest. Major expressionist artists included Van Gogh, Munch, Kirchner, and Ensor. Both styles rebelled against academic norms and emphasized freedom of expression.
Alphonse Mucha was a Czech artist born in 1860 who was known for his Art Nouveau style posters, paintings, and designs. Some of his most famous works included the poster "Gismonda" from 1894 and a series of posters for the French actress Sarah Bernhardt. Mucha also created elaborate decorative designs, such as the illustrations for "Le Pater" from 1899. Later in his career, Mucha spent nearly two decades working on his monumental 20-part cycle called "The Slav Epic" depicting the history of Slavic people. Mucha had a profound influence on Art Nouveau style and continued working up until his death in 1939, seeking to communicate spiritual messages through his artistic works.
Ferdinand Hodler's 1912-13 painting "Lake of Thun with the Niesen" will be offered at auction, depicting the mountain peak Niesen looming over the still waters of Lake Thun. The auction will also include works by Expressionist artists Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Alexej von Jawlensky, as well as a landscape by Otto Dix. Additionally, the auction features works by Swiss artists Ferdinand Hodler, Albert Anker and Gottardo Segantini.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was born in 1880 in Germany and studied architecture and painting in Munich and Dresden. He was a founding member of the expressionist group Die Brücke. Kirchner developed a style of expressionism using radical simplification of forms and sharp lines with clashing colors. His work was later deemed "degenerate art" by the Nazis and many of his pieces were destroyed or sold, which led Kirchner to commit suicide in 1938.
Kirchner was born in 1880 in Bavaria and studied architecture and painting in Germany. He helped found Die Brücke, a key Expressionist artist group. Though his family did not support his artistic career, he became a prominent Expressionist painter known for works like "The Soldiers Bath." However, the Nazis condemned his art as "degenerate" and he committed suicide in 1938.
This document provides information about artworks being auctioned by Koller Auctions, including:
1. An early bronze cast of Auguste Rodin's famous sculpture "The Kiss" from 1905.
2. A 1914 portrait of dancer Siddi Riha painted by Erich Heckel that survived World War II and changed ownership several times.
3. Two watercolors by Paul Klee from his 1914 trip to Tunisia with August Macke and Louis Moilliet, showing the influence of his travels on his geometric abstract style.
History of art(west and middle east)- contemporary art ,art ,contemporary art ,art-history of art ,iranian art ,iranian contemporary art ,famous iranian artist ,middle east art ,european art
The document discusses several artworks by Egon Schiele including self-portraits, portraits of women, and landscapes. It notes Schiele's distinctive style with an emphasis on elongated figures and use of color, line, and space. The document suggests Schiele's works fit into the Expressionist movement through their emotional depiction of human suffering and similarities to the human body and nature.
Art Nouveau was an international style that originated in the late 19th century. It was inspired by natural forms and structures like curved vines and flowers. Key characteristics included flowing, organic lines. William Morris was an influential early proponent in the 1860s. The style was popular until around 1910. Expressionism emerged in Germany around 1905 as an abstract style focused on personal expression over realistic depiction. It used vivid colors and dramatic brushstrokes to convey emotions and unrest. Major expressionist artists included Van Gogh, Munch, Kirchner, and Ensor. Both styles rebelled against academic norms and emphasized freedom of expression.
Alphonse Mucha was a Czech artist born in 1860 who was known for his Art Nouveau style posters, paintings, and designs. Some of his most famous works included the poster "Gismonda" from 1894 and a series of posters for the French actress Sarah Bernhardt. Mucha also created elaborate decorative designs, such as the illustrations for "Le Pater" from 1899. Later in his career, Mucha spent nearly two decades working on his monumental 20-part cycle called "The Slav Epic" depicting the history of Slavic people. Mucha had a profound influence on Art Nouveau style and continued working up until his death in 1939, seeking to communicate spiritual messages through his artistic works.
Post impressionism, van gogh, expressionism and surrealismmark splendid
The document provides information on several post-impressionist and expressionist artists and movements from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses Vincent van Gogh's self-portraits and landscapes from the 1880s-1890s. It then covers the German expressionist groups Die Brücke founded in 1905 and Der Blaue Reiter founded in 1911, listing some of their founding members and examples of works. It also gives brief biographies of expressionist painters Ernst Kirchner, Erich Heckel, and Emil Nolde. Next, it introduces surrealism which grew from Dada in the 1920s, mentioning key surrealist artists like Breton, Ernst, Magrit
Constantin Brancusi was a renowned Romanian sculptor who pioneered modernist sculpture in the early 20th century. His sculptures blended simplicity and sophistication through abstraction to focus on the essence rather than outer form of his subjects. After studying in Romania, he moved to Paris in 1903 where he developed his unique style, rejecting realism and the techniques of his contemporaries. His iconic works like "Bird in Space" and the "Endless Column" at the World War I monument in Târgu-Jiu established his reputation and influence on modern sculpture.
The document provides background information on Expressionism as an art movement from 1905-1940s that originated in Germany. Expressionism sought to portray subjects in a way that expressed the inner emotional experience of the artist rather than aiming for photographic realism. Key goals were to evoke subjective responses in viewers and depict how the world causes extreme emotions in sensitive individuals. Examples are given of paintings by Expressionist artist Edvard Munch from the 1890s that depict anxiety, melancholy, and other emotions through distorted figures and use of color.
DÜRER, Albrecht, Featured Paintings in Detail (1)guimera
The document discusses several portraits painted by Albrecht Durer. It provides details on Durer's 1505 portrait of a Young Venetian Woman, including that it was one of his first works during his second time in Venice and depicts the subject with extraordinary charm. The document also provides background on Durer, noting that he was a German painter and printmaker considered the greatest Northern Renaissance artist, and that his works introduced classical motifs and secured his reputation as an important figure of the Northern Renaissance.
This document provides information on several paintings by Wassily Kandinsky from 1908 to 1925. It summarizes Kandinsky's time spent in the town of Murnau in Germany from 1908-1914 where he was inspired by the landscapes. During this time his style evolved from representational landscapes to abstract dream-like visions using color and form to express inner spiritual ideas rather than depicting objects. The document also notes several important abstract paintings Kandinsky created in the 1910s that marked his transition to non-representational art and establishment of the abstract painting movement.
Der Blaue Reiter was an expressionist movement founded in Germany in 1911 in response to the rejection of Kandinsky's painting from an exhibition. Key members included Kandinsky, Franz Marc, August Macke, and Lyonel Feininger. They sought to express spiritual truths through their artwork and promoted modern, non-figurative styles influenced by cubism, fauvism, and Rayonism. The name comes from a 1903 Kandinsky painting and their shared interests in color symbolism and spontaneity.
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter born in 1862 who was influenced by Japanese art. He is known for his gold leaf paintings and received the Golden Order of Merit from the Emperor of Austria for his public murals. Klimt attended the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts and had an early successful career painting architectural decorations before developing his signature symbolist and art nouveau style.
This document provides information about Die Brucke, a group of German expressionist artists founded in Dresden in 1905. The principal members were Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, and later Emil Nolde and Max Pechstein. They rejected academic traditions and were inspired by primitive art. Kirchner was considered the leader and introduced the group to primitivism. The group is known for their expressive use of color and distorted shapes. Many of their works depicted nudes and city scenes capturing their feelings and visions of modern life. Kirchner struggled with mental health issues during World War 1 and his later works grew darker reflecting his psychological
Expressionism was an early 20th century art movement characterized by subjective expression over objective reality. Two major German groups were Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter. Die Brücke, formed in Dresden in 1905, sought to reject academic styles through emotional use of color and distortion. Key members included Kirchner, Heckel, and Schmidt-Rottluff. Der Blaue Reiter, led by Kandinsky and Franz Marc from 1911-1914, was more focused on abstraction and the spiritual expression of color. Both groups made significant contributions to the development of modern abstract art before being disrupted by World War I.
This document lists several artists that could inspire a horrific painting prop for a film opening. It provides biographical information on Egon Schiele, an Austrian painter known for his intense, raw self-portraits; Edvard Munch, a Norwegian painter who influenced Expressionism with his psychologically evocative works; and Francis Bacon, a British figurative painter famous for his abstracted, emotionally charged imagery contained in geometric cages. It also briefly describes Francisco Goya, a Spanish painter who documented the horrors of war; Lucian Freud, a British painter known for his thickly painted, psychologically penetrating portraits; Takahiro Kimura, a Japanese animator and illustrator; and Alberto Giacometti, a
DÜRER, Albrecht, Featured Paintings in Detail (2)guimera
The document discusses several paintings by Albrecht Durer, a renowned German Renaissance artist. It describes Durer's 1506 painting "Feast of the Rose Garlands" which is housed at the National Gallery in Prague. It also mentions his 1506 painting "Christ Among the Doctors" located at the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid. Finally, it discusses Durer's 1511 altarpiece "The Adoration of the Holy Trinity", commissioned for a chapel in Nuremberg, which is now at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The document also provides a brief biography of Durer, noting his significance as a Northern Renaissance artist who incorporated classical motifs and theoretical works.
Constantin Brâncuși was a Romanian sculptor who made his career in France and pioneered modernist sculpture. He is known for his abstract, clean geometric forms that emphasized the essence of his subjects over physical details. Some of his most famous works include Bird in Space, The Kiss, and The Column of the Infinite. Brâncuși's sculptures broke records at auction, with pieces from his Bird in Space series selling for over $27 million. He is considered one of the most influential sculptors of the 20th century.
Expressionism emerged in Germany around 1910 as a reaction against Impressionism. It focused on emotive and interpretive art through distortion and exaggeration to convey emotional experiences. Major expressionist groups included Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter, and Die Neue Sachlichkeit. Expressionist art used vivid colors, dynamic forms, and exaggeration to depict intense emotions and subjective perspectives rather than realistic representations. Pioneering expressionist artists included Edvard Munch, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Emil Nolde, Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George Grosz, and Max Beckmann.
Modernism, Amodernism and Marcel Duchamp, or why is a urinal no longer jus...DrFlux
Modernism in art had four main elements: reducing works to essential properties, moving towards abstraction, intensifying personal expression, and recognizing intrinsic value in art. The document discusses two forms of Modernism - as a tradition and as an evolutionary condition - and how Dadaism and Marcel Duchamp challenged conventions by exhibiting a urinal as an artwork, arguing that if paint tubes are ready-made, then all paintings are technically "readymades aided".
Munch’s The Scream “Iconic Masterpiece of Expressionism in ‘Popular Culture’...Yaryalitsa
Looks at Edvard Munch's THE SCREAM and the impact this piece of art has had and is having on society in all areas as an influence and in terms of POP CULTURE.
Downloading the PowerPoint will show full animation and transition of slides.
Lezing door Michiel Kersten, voorjaar 2018 over Lodewijk Schelfhout en het kubisme in Parijs rond 1910 naar aanleiding van de tentoonstelling in Singer Laren
Edvard Munch was a Norwegian artist born in 1863 who died in 1944. He was known for works like The Scream, Anxiety, and Despair that were part of the aesthetic movement in art focusing on emotions and subjective experiences over physical appearances. Some of his most famous pieces included The Scream from 1893, Anxiety from 1894, Despair from 1893-1894, and By the Deathbed from 1893.
The document discusses the life and work of Dutch designer Piet Zwart. It describes how he was influenced by De Stijl and constructivism and focused on functional typography. It provides examples of his work designing advertisements for the Dutch Cable Factory in the 1920s-1930s. It also mentions his later career focusing on industrial, interior and furniture design.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Northern Renaissance in Europe, focusing on Flanders, Germany, and the development of printmaking. It discusses major artists such as Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Hieronymus Bosch, and Albrecht Dürer. It also covers the impact of printing and printmakers like Lucas Cranach who produced Protestant propaganda during the Reformation.
Oscar-Claude Monet
Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, more commonly Leonardo da Vinci, was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. He has been variously called the father of paleontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time.[1] Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank, his genius epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France.
Vincent Willem van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh ( 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Post-Impressionist painter. He was a Dutch artist whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art. His output includes portraits, self-portraits, landscapes and still life's of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers. He drew as a child but did not paint until his late twenties.
This slideshow show is an introduction to the most significant painters of the West, up to the end of the 19C. There are other painters that I have not been included like Rembrandt, to cut down the length (or size) of the slideshow. Each painter included in the slideshow is represented by a single painting of their work.
The document provides an overview of etching as an art form and printmaking technique. It discusses how etching involves using acids to draw lines into metal printing plates, which are then used to create intaglio prints. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
Post impressionism, van gogh, expressionism and surrealismmark splendid
The document provides information on several post-impressionist and expressionist artists and movements from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses Vincent van Gogh's self-portraits and landscapes from the 1880s-1890s. It then covers the German expressionist groups Die Brücke founded in 1905 and Der Blaue Reiter founded in 1911, listing some of their founding members and examples of works. It also gives brief biographies of expressionist painters Ernst Kirchner, Erich Heckel, and Emil Nolde. Next, it introduces surrealism which grew from Dada in the 1920s, mentioning key surrealist artists like Breton, Ernst, Magrit
Constantin Brancusi was a renowned Romanian sculptor who pioneered modernist sculpture in the early 20th century. His sculptures blended simplicity and sophistication through abstraction to focus on the essence rather than outer form of his subjects. After studying in Romania, he moved to Paris in 1903 where he developed his unique style, rejecting realism and the techniques of his contemporaries. His iconic works like "Bird in Space" and the "Endless Column" at the World War I monument in Târgu-Jiu established his reputation and influence on modern sculpture.
The document provides background information on Expressionism as an art movement from 1905-1940s that originated in Germany. Expressionism sought to portray subjects in a way that expressed the inner emotional experience of the artist rather than aiming for photographic realism. Key goals were to evoke subjective responses in viewers and depict how the world causes extreme emotions in sensitive individuals. Examples are given of paintings by Expressionist artist Edvard Munch from the 1890s that depict anxiety, melancholy, and other emotions through distorted figures and use of color.
DÜRER, Albrecht, Featured Paintings in Detail (1)guimera
The document discusses several portraits painted by Albrecht Durer. It provides details on Durer's 1505 portrait of a Young Venetian Woman, including that it was one of his first works during his second time in Venice and depicts the subject with extraordinary charm. The document also provides background on Durer, noting that he was a German painter and printmaker considered the greatest Northern Renaissance artist, and that his works introduced classical motifs and secured his reputation as an important figure of the Northern Renaissance.
This document provides information on several paintings by Wassily Kandinsky from 1908 to 1925. It summarizes Kandinsky's time spent in the town of Murnau in Germany from 1908-1914 where he was inspired by the landscapes. During this time his style evolved from representational landscapes to abstract dream-like visions using color and form to express inner spiritual ideas rather than depicting objects. The document also notes several important abstract paintings Kandinsky created in the 1910s that marked his transition to non-representational art and establishment of the abstract painting movement.
Der Blaue Reiter was an expressionist movement founded in Germany in 1911 in response to the rejection of Kandinsky's painting from an exhibition. Key members included Kandinsky, Franz Marc, August Macke, and Lyonel Feininger. They sought to express spiritual truths through their artwork and promoted modern, non-figurative styles influenced by cubism, fauvism, and Rayonism. The name comes from a 1903 Kandinsky painting and their shared interests in color symbolism and spontaneity.
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter born in 1862 who was influenced by Japanese art. He is known for his gold leaf paintings and received the Golden Order of Merit from the Emperor of Austria for his public murals. Klimt attended the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts and had an early successful career painting architectural decorations before developing his signature symbolist and art nouveau style.
This document provides information about Die Brucke, a group of German expressionist artists founded in Dresden in 1905. The principal members were Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, and later Emil Nolde and Max Pechstein. They rejected academic traditions and were inspired by primitive art. Kirchner was considered the leader and introduced the group to primitivism. The group is known for their expressive use of color and distorted shapes. Many of their works depicted nudes and city scenes capturing their feelings and visions of modern life. Kirchner struggled with mental health issues during World War 1 and his later works grew darker reflecting his psychological
Expressionism was an early 20th century art movement characterized by subjective expression over objective reality. Two major German groups were Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter. Die Brücke, formed in Dresden in 1905, sought to reject academic styles through emotional use of color and distortion. Key members included Kirchner, Heckel, and Schmidt-Rottluff. Der Blaue Reiter, led by Kandinsky and Franz Marc from 1911-1914, was more focused on abstraction and the spiritual expression of color. Both groups made significant contributions to the development of modern abstract art before being disrupted by World War I.
This document lists several artists that could inspire a horrific painting prop for a film opening. It provides biographical information on Egon Schiele, an Austrian painter known for his intense, raw self-portraits; Edvard Munch, a Norwegian painter who influenced Expressionism with his psychologically evocative works; and Francis Bacon, a British figurative painter famous for his abstracted, emotionally charged imagery contained in geometric cages. It also briefly describes Francisco Goya, a Spanish painter who documented the horrors of war; Lucian Freud, a British painter known for his thickly painted, psychologically penetrating portraits; Takahiro Kimura, a Japanese animator and illustrator; and Alberto Giacometti, a
DÜRER, Albrecht, Featured Paintings in Detail (2)guimera
The document discusses several paintings by Albrecht Durer, a renowned German Renaissance artist. It describes Durer's 1506 painting "Feast of the Rose Garlands" which is housed at the National Gallery in Prague. It also mentions his 1506 painting "Christ Among the Doctors" located at the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid. Finally, it discusses Durer's 1511 altarpiece "The Adoration of the Holy Trinity", commissioned for a chapel in Nuremberg, which is now at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The document also provides a brief biography of Durer, noting his significance as a Northern Renaissance artist who incorporated classical motifs and theoretical works.
Constantin Brâncuși was a Romanian sculptor who made his career in France and pioneered modernist sculpture. He is known for his abstract, clean geometric forms that emphasized the essence of his subjects over physical details. Some of his most famous works include Bird in Space, The Kiss, and The Column of the Infinite. Brâncuși's sculptures broke records at auction, with pieces from his Bird in Space series selling for over $27 million. He is considered one of the most influential sculptors of the 20th century.
Expressionism emerged in Germany around 1910 as a reaction against Impressionism. It focused on emotive and interpretive art through distortion and exaggeration to convey emotional experiences. Major expressionist groups included Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter, and Die Neue Sachlichkeit. Expressionist art used vivid colors, dynamic forms, and exaggeration to depict intense emotions and subjective perspectives rather than realistic representations. Pioneering expressionist artists included Edvard Munch, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Emil Nolde, Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George Grosz, and Max Beckmann.
Modernism, Amodernism and Marcel Duchamp, or why is a urinal no longer jus...DrFlux
Modernism in art had four main elements: reducing works to essential properties, moving towards abstraction, intensifying personal expression, and recognizing intrinsic value in art. The document discusses two forms of Modernism - as a tradition and as an evolutionary condition - and how Dadaism and Marcel Duchamp challenged conventions by exhibiting a urinal as an artwork, arguing that if paint tubes are ready-made, then all paintings are technically "readymades aided".
Munch’s The Scream “Iconic Masterpiece of Expressionism in ‘Popular Culture’...Yaryalitsa
Looks at Edvard Munch's THE SCREAM and the impact this piece of art has had and is having on society in all areas as an influence and in terms of POP CULTURE.
Downloading the PowerPoint will show full animation and transition of slides.
Lezing door Michiel Kersten, voorjaar 2018 over Lodewijk Schelfhout en het kubisme in Parijs rond 1910 naar aanleiding van de tentoonstelling in Singer Laren
Edvard Munch was a Norwegian artist born in 1863 who died in 1944. He was known for works like The Scream, Anxiety, and Despair that were part of the aesthetic movement in art focusing on emotions and subjective experiences over physical appearances. Some of his most famous pieces included The Scream from 1893, Anxiety from 1894, Despair from 1893-1894, and By the Deathbed from 1893.
The document discusses the life and work of Dutch designer Piet Zwart. It describes how he was influenced by De Stijl and constructivism and focused on functional typography. It provides examples of his work designing advertisements for the Dutch Cable Factory in the 1920s-1930s. It also mentions his later career focusing on industrial, interior and furniture design.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Northern Renaissance in Europe, focusing on Flanders, Germany, and the development of printmaking. It discusses major artists such as Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Hieronymus Bosch, and Albrecht Dürer. It also covers the impact of printing and printmakers like Lucas Cranach who produced Protestant propaganda during the Reformation.
Oscar-Claude Monet
Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, more commonly Leonardo da Vinci, was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. He has been variously called the father of paleontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time.[1] Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank, his genius epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France.
Vincent Willem van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh ( 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Post-Impressionist painter. He was a Dutch artist whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art. His output includes portraits, self-portraits, landscapes and still life's of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers. He drew as a child but did not paint until his late twenties.
This slideshow show is an introduction to the most significant painters of the West, up to the end of the 19C. There are other painters that I have not been included like Rembrandt, to cut down the length (or size) of the slideshow. Each painter included in the slideshow is represented by a single painting of their work.
The document provides an overview of etching as an art form and printmaking technique. It discusses how etching involves using acids to draw lines into metal printing plates, which are then used to create intaglio prints. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
The document discusses different techniques used in etching and engraving artwork. It describes how etching involves using acids to draw into metal plates to create lines that hold ink, while engraving uses tools to cut directly into metal plates. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
This document provides information on several famous painters from the 17th-20th centuries. It discusses the works and styles of Sir Anthony Van Dyck, William Hogarth, Rembrandt van Rijn, Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, John Constable, Thomas Gainsborough, Pablo Picasso, Henri Paul Gauguin, Edgar Degas, Joseph Turner, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Pierre Auguste Renoir. For each painter, it summarizes their background, notable works, artistic styles and contributions to the development of painting.
Albrecht Dürer was born in 1471 in Nuremberg, Germany and apprenticed under his father as a goldsmith at age 13. He studied art in Italy and returned to Nuremberg at age 23 where he became the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance, known for his woodcut prints, portraits, self-portraits, and textbooks on art theory. Dürer created some of his most famous works, including copperplate engravings like "Melencolia I" and "The Four Apostles", while receiving patronage from German rulers like Frederick the Wise and Maximilian I.
-The Influence of Modern Art
-Pictorial Modernism
Graphic design in the first half of the twentieth century
-A New Language of form
-The Bauhaus &The New Typography
-The Modern Movement in America
The document discusses the Bauhaus school founded in 1919 in Germany by architect Walter Gropius. It operated until 1933, focusing on bringing together art and craftsmanship. Key figures included Kandinsky, Klee, and Moholy-Nagy who experimented with forms, materials, and graphic design. The Bauhaus style later influenced graphic design, seen in Obama's 2008 campaign that used Bauhaus cues to appeal to Germans familiar with the design language.
The Industrial Revolution - Grade 9 Week 1.pptxMakMakNepo
The document discusses the influence of the Industrial Revolution on the visual arts. It describes how the Romanticism movement emerged in response to the Industrial Revolution, emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion. Realism and Impressionism also emerged as artistic styles during this period. Impressionism involved capturing fleeting impressions using loose brushstrokes and not blending colors. Post-Impressionists like Vincent van Gogh experimented further with line and color. The development of photography challenged painters to develop new styles and directions in their work.
Expressionism originated in Germany in the early 20th century as an artistic response to modern anxieties. It aimed to portray inner emotions rather than external reality through stylistic techniques like distortion and exaggeration. Three key periods included the Beginnings of Expressionism with artists like Van Gogh and Munch, the German group Die Brücke from 1905-1913, and after 1911 the Blue Rider group which had a more symbolic and abstract style influenced by Kandinsky. Expressionism rejected objective reality in favor of depicting subjective experience through vivid colors and shapes.
Albrecht Dürer was a prominent German Renaissance painter, printmaker, and theorist active in the late 15th and early 16th centuries who helped introduce classical motifs to Northern art through his knowledge of Italian artists. He established his reputation across Europe in his twenties through his high-quality woodcut prints. Dürer's body of work includes engravings, altarpieces, portraits, watercolors, and theoretical treatises involving principles of mathematics, perspective, and proportions.
The document summarizes information about the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. It notes that he died young and had a small body of work, but that he was rediscovered centuries later and is now considered one of the greatest masters of light, texture, and color in Dutch Golden Age painting. Several of his major works are described, including The Milkmaid, Woman Holding a Balance, The Music Lesson, and The Girl with the Pearl Earring, considered his masterpiece.
The International Typographic Style emerged from Switzerland and Germany in the 1950s and was influenced by the Bauhaus. It was characterized by asymmetrical layouts, sans-serif typography, and factual visuals on a grid. This style had a major influence on graphic design and was embraced by designers in Europe and America. It featured in posters, publications, and identity work by designers such as Müller-Brockmann, Hofmann, and Casey through the 1960s and 70s.
Expressionism focused on conveying symbolic and emotional meaning through distorted figures, irregular shapes, and bright colors. Key influences included Van Gogh, Munch, and German Romanticism. Major expressionist groups included Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter, whose founders like Kirchner, Heckel, Kandinsky, and Marc created emotionally charged works addressing modern life and the human condition. However, expressionism declined after World War I and was condemned by the Nazis, contributing to its demise in Germany in the 1920s-1930s.
GUIDE 10Unit 3THE RENAISSANCEThe Renaissance in Northern.docxaidaclewer
GUIDE 10
Unit 3
THE RENAISSANCE
The Renaissance in Northern Europe
·
Flanders
·
Germany
·
France
·
Spain
·
England
Annunciation by Jan van Eyck, 15… (Detail)
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
[
www.womeninthebible.net]
CHAPTER 5
THE RENAISSANCE
The Renaissance spanned roughly
3
centuries
:
14
th
-16th
1300s – 1500s
Petrarch
, the great Renaissance humanist – Italian poet and scholar of the fourteenth-century, looked back at the preceding thousand years and saw only “
dark ages”
extending from the collapse of the Roman Empire to his own time.
In Petrarch’s view history fell into
three periods
:
ANCIENT CLASSICAL
WORLD
MIDDLE
AGES
RENAISSANCE
Petrarch and other humanists of his time (scholars) admired Classical world as a time of the highest achievements of human spirit. The Italians were very proud of their own time, which they believed was a revival of classical culture of ancient Greece and Rome.
As for the thousand years that separated these two distinguished periods, the Italian humanists called them
Dark Ages
that had been marked by a decline of culture - a mere break in the history of human civilization.
Renaissance
–
*_
[What does this French word mean?]
The Renaissance
was
rebirth/revival
of what
?
*_
Do you remember why the
Middle Ages
are called
Middle?
I want you to remember that the
Renaissance first emerged in the south of Europe - in ITALY!
This happened in the end of the 13
th
century (late1200s).
Remember which historical period it was?
--- Right, it was the end of the Gothic time.
Yet, your textbook begins the Renaissance story in 15
th
century Northern Europe –in Germany, Netherlands, France, etc.
Why such a chronological leap?
--- The logic would be that the Renaissance in Northern Europe was closer connected to the medieval culture and this provides us with a good stylistic transition
- you will be able to trace emergence of a new style within the previous Gothic frame.
Now let us open a new (and the last!) chapter in our course.
Allow yourself enough time to study the splendid art of the Renaissance époque.
Historical Background
: Give a brief review of the most significant political, economic, and social events that brought about and determined a ‘face’/character of a new era of the Renaissance.
Keep it short - “one event - one line”
*
*
*
Now, if you want, play a little bit with the timeline - locate the Renaissance period on it.
Here is how to do it: Place a cursor before the red tab
Renaissance…
,
and move it to the right until it is
placed above the proper period on the timeline.
[To move it just keep clicking on
space bar
]
Renaissance
spanned
about
300
years
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1650
15
th
century
Did you succeed? Good! If not, that’s okay.
Just mark this period on the time line in your printed guide (circle)
.
Remember – it lasted about 300 years.
What were the two most significant areas in ...
The Renaissance was a period of rebirth and achievement in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. It began in Italy in the late Middle Ages, then spread to Europe, marking the transition from the medieval period to modernity. Important Renaissance figures included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Donatello in Italy; Albrecht Dürer and the van Eyck brothers in Northern Europe; and William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes in England and Spain. They made significant advances in painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, science, and technology that defined the Renaissance as a cultural movement.
Expressionism developed in Northern Europe around 1905 as an artistic movement that emphasized inner experiences over realistic portrayals. Key characteristics included heightened symbolic colors and exaggerated imagery exploring darker aspects of human psychology. In Germany, the group Die Brücke was formed in Dresden in 1905 with the goal of using their art to serve the future by embracing Nietzsche's philosophy. They were influenced by Gothic architecture, Japanese prints, Munch, Van Gogh and sought to shake bourgeois culture through emotive use of color and subjects like crime and prostitution scenes depicted intuitively. Their work featured intense personal subjects through pure contrasting colors and rough drawing styles.
This document provides a study guide for Ancient Art History: Survey of Western Art I covering Weeks 9 and 10, which discusses important people, places, styles, and events in the Byzantine and Islamic empires as well as the rise of Gothic architecture in Europe. Key topics covered include Emperor Justinian and Theodora, the construction of Hagia Sophia, icons and iconoclasm, the development of calligraphy and mosque architecture in the Islamic world, and the innovations of Abbot Suger that influenced Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres.
This document provides the syllabus and schedule for an Art History I course on ancient art at FIDM. The course will cover art from prehistoric times through the Gothic period. Students will take two exams worth 1/3 of their grade each and write a short paper also worth 1/3. The paper will involve analyzing an ancient artwork at a local museum. Alternate paper assignments are available if visiting a museum would be difficult. The class will meet weekly and study guides with key terms and images will be provided. Readings from the textbook are recommended as additional background material.
This document outlines the syllabus and schedule for an Art History I course on ancient art at FIDM. It provides details on the instructor, required text, assignments including two exams and a paper, attendance policy, and a weekly schedule of topics. Students have the option to complete a standard museum paper or an alternative project for the paper assignment. Study guides, review materials, and online resources will be provided.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an overview of important developments in art and architecture during the 13th week of an ancient art history survey. It discusses figures like Theodoric and Justinian, architectural landmarks such as San Vitale, Hagia Sophia, and the Dome of the Rock, and artistic styles including icons, calligraphy, and mosque design. Potential essay topics examine the iconoclastic controversy over icons and reasons for their support or criticism, as well as how calligraphy emerged as an Islamic art form and key elements of different mosque plans.
Week 12 of the Ancient Art History Survey focused on art from the late Roman Empire in the 2nd-4th centuries AD. Key topics included the damnatio memoriae practice of disgracing emperors after death, architecture projects under emperors Trajan and Hadrian like the Column of Trajan and Hadrian's Villa, and the rise of Early Christian art and architecture under Constantine following the Edict of Milan. Important sites mentioned were the Pantheon, Arch of Constantine, catacombs, and Mausoleum of Galla Placidia.
The document provides an overview of key topics and figures from Ancient Roman art history for the upcoming take-home exam. It lists important terms like Romulus and Remus, Aeneas, Julius Caesar, and Augustus. Students are not required to meet in class and instead have a take-home exam and assignment on Dia de los Muertos. The exam will cover topics like Augustus' propaganda through the Prima Porta and Ara Pacis sculptures, and Vespasian's decision to depict himself veristically when constructing the Flavian Amphitheater, also known as the Colosseum.
This document provides an overview of key topics and terms from Ancient Greek art history in Week 9, including architectural elements of the Doric and Ionic orders, refinements in the design of the Parthenon, and figures such as Pericles and Phidias. It also differentiates between the Hellenic and Hellenistic periods, lists the Seven Wonders of the World, and provides potential essay questions and images to examine like the Parthenon and Pergamon Altar.
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek art from the Geometric period through the Archaic period. It discusses common vase shapes like amphorae, kraters, and kylikes from the Geometric and Orientalizing periods. Black figure and red figure vase painting techniques developed in this time. The Archaic period saw the emergence of the kore statue and archaic smile, as well as the kouros youth figure. Important temples from this time included the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, known for its pediment sculptures. Significant sculptures included the Discobolus by Myron and the Doryphoros by Polykleitos, which demonstrated Greek ideals of symmetria and proportion.
The document provides background on Mesopotamian civilization during weeks 6 and 7 of an ancient art history survey course. It lists important names, terms, locations, rulers, artifacts, and potential essay questions related to Mesopotamian cultures like Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria between roughly 2500 BC to 600 BC.
This document provides an overview of key topics and terms to be covered for Weeks 4 and 5 of an Ancient Art History survey course. It notes that a review session will be held next week in preparation for the first exam. It also lists online review materials available and reminds students that these are brief and not a substitute for the classes. The document concludes with a list of names, terms, potential essay questions, and images that will be relevant to the upcoming material.
This document provides an overview of Week 3 material for an Ancient Art History survey course. It includes a list of important names, terms, and concepts from the week's readings such as Neolithic sites, Egyptian gods, and aspects of mummification. The document also provides a guide to common Egyptian deities with their associated domains and typical visual attributes. Possible essay questions are outlined asking students to discuss works like the Palette of King Narmer and aspects of the Egyptian mummification process.
Ancient Art History Survey (CSUDH Art 110)—Study Sheet, Week 1 provides key terms and potential essay questions to help students study for the first lecture exam. The terms include Homo Sapiens, Neanderthal, Paleolithic, cave painting techniques. Possible essay topics ask how prehistoric image making developed human culture and discuss theories for what cave art represented, such as hunting magic or fertility rituals. Images from the textbook on the Venus of Willendorf sculpture and Lascaux cave paintings may also appear on the exam.
The professor cancels the Art 110 class scheduled for November 2nd, which is Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), and instead assigns a paper on the holiday. Students are asked to read an online essay about Dia de los Muertos, attend a local event if possible, and write a 2-3 page paper discussing the traditions from the essay, their observations from the event, and comparisons to ancient practices of venerating the dead discussed in an upcoming class. Alternatives are provided if students cannot attend an event or the October 31st class.
This document provides the syllabus and schedule for an introductory ancient art history survey course. It outlines the course materials, requirements, grading, and exam format. Students will study ancient art from prehistoric through medieval periods, both Western and non-Western civilizations. Requirements include three exams, a paper/project, attendance, and a special Dia de los Muertos assignment exploring traditions of venerating the dead in various cultures. The schedule lists the topics, readings, and key dates for the semester. Accommodations will be made for students with special needs. Academic integrity is expected.
Muhammed founded the first Islamic state in Medina in 622, establishing the religion of Islam. Islamic art is characterized by aniconism, or the prohibition of images, and calligraphy. Important early Islamic architectural structures include the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, notable for housing a sacred rock, and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, Turkey, both following a central plan with features like qibla walls oriented towards Mecca and mihrabs. Other mosque styles featured hypostyle halls and four-iwan plans.
This document provides sample review questions for a final exam on Art History 1 (Survey of Western Art 1). It includes multiple choice questions testing knowledge of important buildings, symbols, artists, and time periods covered in the class. Students are advised to review presentation slides for possible essay question topics on subjects like the Parthenon, Colosseum, iconoclasm, and early Christian art and architecture.
This document provides a set of review questions and answers for an art history exam focusing on ancient art and architecture from various cultures such as ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Europe. The questions cover topics like famous monuments and their locations, artistic techniques, important figures, religious symbols, and terminology.
Final exam in two weeks. Papers also due in two weeks, with exam review in the second half of the last class. Key terms include Tiberius, cameo, trophy, Nero, Domus Aurea, trompe l'oeil, painting styles, Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii, Mt. Vesuvius, Vespasian, Flavian, Colosseum, arch construction, and more. Possible essay questions discuss Vespasian's self-representation and the construction of the Colosseum, or how early Christian art borrowed forms and gave them new meanings through attributes of saints. Example artworks provided are the Colosseum, Pantheon, Arch of Constantine,
The document provides an overview of ancient Western art from the 4th century BC to the 1st century BC, covering the transition from Hellenic to Hellenistic periods and the rise of Roman rule under Augustus. It lists influential Greek artists like Lysippos and major works including the Seven Wonders of the World, several of which were from the Hellenistic era but are now destroyed or in ruins. The document also outlines Roman developments like realistic portrait styles and Augustus' self-presentation on the Prima Porta statue and Ara Pacis monument to promote his message of peace.
1. ““NORTHERN RENAISSANCE”:NORTHERN RENAISSANCE”:
Northern Europe (especiallyNorthern Europe (especially
modern day Holland, Belgium,modern day Holland, Belgium,
and Germany)and Germany)
The Arnolfini Wedding PortraitThe Arnolfini Wedding Portrait
by Jan van Eyckby Jan van Eyck
EnglandEngland
FranceFrance
GermanyGermany
Flanders:Flanders:
(Holland(Holland
and Belgium)and Belgium)
2. Jan van Eyck:Jan van Eyck:
--1395-1441--1395-1441
--Sometimes credited with--Sometimes credited with
““inventing” oil painting,inventing” oil painting,
although it is probably morealthough it is probably more
appropriate to say that he isappropriate to say that he is
one of the peopleone of the people
responsible for perfectingresponsible for perfecting
the oil painting techniquethe oil painting technique
--Considered the foremost--Considered the foremost
Flemish painterFlemish painter
--His brother, Hubert, was also--His brother, Hubert, was also
a painter, but he died young;a painter, but he died young;
Jan probably worked withJan probably worked with
his brother at one time.his brother at one time.
The Arnolfini Wedding PortraitThe Arnolfini Wedding Portrait
by Jan van Eyckby Jan van Eyck
3. The Ghent Altarpiece by Jan van EyckThe Ghent Altarpiece by Jan van Eyck
--Finished in 1432--Finished in 1432
--In the Cathedral of--In the Cathedral of
St. Bavo, GhentSt. Bavo, Ghent
--An inscription says it--An inscription says it
was “started by Hubertwas “started by Hubert
van Eyck, first in art,van Eyck, first in art,
and finished by hisand finished by his
brother Jan, second inbrother Jan, second in
art.”art.”
4. Deposition and Portrait of a WomanDeposition and Portrait of a Woman
by Rogier van der Weydenby Rogier van der Weyden
Rogier van der Weyden:Rogier van der Weyden:
--1400-1464; painted primarily in Tournai and Brussels--1400-1464; painted primarily in Tournai and Brussels
--Considered, along with Jan van Eyck, to be the most--Considered, along with Jan van Eyck, to be the most
influential of the Flemish paintersinfluential of the Flemish painters
5. The Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias GrunewaldThe Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grunewald
Matthias Grunewald:Matthias Grunewald:
--German painter, c.1470-1528--German painter, c.1470-1528
--Famous for an expressive--Famous for an expressive
style descended fromstyle descended from
German gothicGerman gothic
6. The Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus BoschThe Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch
Hieronymus Bosch:Hieronymus Bosch:
--1450-1516; Flemish--1450-1516; Flemish
painter whose name ispainter whose name is
taken from the city oftaken from the city of
s’Hertogensboschs’Hertogensbosch
where he lived (his realwhere he lived (his real
name is Jerome vanname is Jerome van
Aken)Aken)
--Famous for his strange--Famous for his strange
and grotesque motifs,and grotesque motifs,
derived from folkloricderived from folkloric
sourcessources
7. Pieter Bruegel:Pieter Bruegel:
--1525-1569; painted in Antwerp--1525-1569; painted in Antwerp
and Brusselsand Brussels
--Heavily influenced by Bosch,--Heavily influenced by Bosch,
but also famous for hisbut also famous for his
pioneering work in landscapepioneering work in landscape
and depictions of peasants,and depictions of peasants,
as well as moralizing andas well as moralizing and
satirical messagessatirical messages
9. BOIS PROTAT:BOIS PROTAT:
Oldest survivingOldest surviving
block for printingblock for printing
(c. 1380; for printing(c. 1380; for printing
on cloth altar cover)on cloth altar cover)
PRINTED IMAGES:PRINTED IMAGES:
Begins in Europe in 1300s; firstBegins in Europe in 1300s; first
technique to create mass multiples.technique to create mass multiples.
PRINTED TEXT:PRINTED TEXT:
Invention attributed to JohannesInvention attributed to Johannes
Guttenberg, c.1455; familiar withGuttenberg, c.1455; familiar with
metals due to training as ametals due to training as a
goldsmith, and developed a methodgoldsmith, and developed a method
to mold metal letters which could beto mold metal letters which could be
arranged, inked, and printed.arranged, inked, and printed.
10. Impact of printing:Impact of printing:
First medium to create mass multiples, andFirst medium to create mass multiples, and
first medium aimed at a middle or lowerfirst medium aimed at a middle or lower
class market.class market.
““Those needing inspiration and a reminderThose needing inspiration and a reminder
of our Faith should buy a print—it costsof our Faith should buy a print—it costs
but a penny—and contemplate it.”but a penny—and contemplate it.”
--Geiler von Keysersberg--Geiler von Keysersberg
11. Impact of printing:Impact of printing:
First medium in which the subject, style,First medium in which the subject, style,
means of production are entirely of themeans of production are entirely of the
artist’s choosing, rather than a patron’s.artist’s choosing, rather than a patron’s.
Subject matter of interest to the artist andSubject matter of interest to the artist and
the popular market; leads tothe popular market; leads to
experimentation.experimentation.
12. Impact of printing:Impact of printing:
Prints travel—disseminate ideas.Prints travel—disseminate ideas.
15. Page from the Passional Christi undPage from the Passional Christi und
Antichristi by Lucas Cranach (1521)Antichristi by Lucas Cranach (1521)
16. Characteristics of earliest printed images:Characteristics of earliest printed images:
--woodcut--woodcut
--typically religious subject matter--typically religious subject matter
--crude in style; untrained artists--crude in style; untrained artists
--colored to mimic style of illuminated--colored to mimic style of illuminated
manuscripts and panel paintingmanuscripts and panel painting
17. WOODCUT: RELIEF PRINTINGWOODCUT: RELIEF PRINTING
Background/negative spaceBackground/negative space
carved away so that linescarved away so that lines
to be inked and printedto be inked and printed
stand above the blockstand above the block
18. WOODCUT: RELIEF PRINTINGWOODCUT: RELIEF PRINTING
Lines to beLines to be
inked andinked and
printedprinted
stand abovestand above
backgroundbackground
19. ENGRAVING:ENGRAVING:
--starts to become popular--starts to become popular
by mid-1400sby mid-1400s
--metal plate rather than--metal plate rather than
wood plate; greaterwood plate; greater
precision and detailprecision and detail
--more skilled artists: some--more skilled artists: some
training, often in metalwork,training, often in metalwork,
is necessaryis necessary
--prints are more expensive:--prints are more expensive:
aimed at a higheraimed at a higher
class, sophisticatedclass, sophisticated
audience with moreaudience with more
disposable income, anddisposable income, and
a greater variety of subjecta greater variety of subject
matter emergematter emerge
--uncolored: the lines carry--uncolored: the lines carry
detail enough without addeddetail enough without added
coloringcoloring
20. ENGRAVING: INTAGLIO PRINTINGENGRAVING: INTAGLIO PRINTING
The lines to be inked andThe lines to be inked and
printed are incised intoprinted are incised into
metal plate; printedmetal plate; printed
under pressure tounder pressure to
force paper into linesforce paper into lines
21. ENGRAVING: MARTIN SCHONGAUER (Germany, 1400s)ENGRAVING: MARTIN SCHONGAUER (Germany, 1400s)
Death of the VirginDeath of the Virgin AngelAngel
22. ALBRECHT DÜRER (1471-1528, Nuremberg, Germany)ALBRECHT DÜRER (1471-1528, Nuremberg, Germany)
--The most famous of the--The most famous of the
German renaissance eraGerman renaissance era
artists and the mostartists and the most
famous printmaker whofamous printmaker who
ever lived.ever lived.
--His father was a goldsmith--His father was a goldsmith
who had emigrated fromwho had emigrated from
HungaryHungary
--He was trained in--He was trained in
Nuremberg in the studio ofNuremberg in the studio of
Michael Wolgemut, whoMichael Wolgemut, who
was a painter, but alsowas a painter, but also
among the most importantamong the most important
early German printmakersearly German printmakers
--His godfather was Anton--His godfather was Anton
Koberger, a famous bookKoberger, a famous book
printerprinter
Self Portrait at Age 26 (1498)Self Portrait at Age 26 (1498)
23. ALBRECHT DÜRER (1471-1528, Nuremberg, Germany)ALBRECHT DÜRER (1471-1528, Nuremberg, Germany)
--When he finished his--When he finished his
apprenticeship, tried toapprenticeship, tried to
travel to Colmar to meettravel to Colmar to meet
Schongauer, but he wasSchongauer, but he was
already deadalready dead
--Traveled instead to Italy--Traveled instead to Italy
in 1494, and was therein 1494, and was there
again 1505-1507, mostlyagain 1505-1507, mostly
in Venicein Venice
--In 1512 entered the service--In 1512 entered the service
of the Holy Romanof the Holy Roman
Emperor Maximilian IEmperor Maximilian I
--On his death, even the--On his death, even the
harshest Italian criticharshest Italian critic
(Vasari, who hated non-(Vasari, who hated non-
Italian artists) called himItalian artists) called him
““a truly great artist.”a truly great artist.”
Self Portrait at Age 26 (1498)Self Portrait at Age 26 (1498)
26. APOCALYPSE (1498; 15 woodcuts with facing text )APOCALYPSE (1498; 15 woodcuts with facing text )
27. FALL OF MANFALL OF MAN
(ADAM AND EVE):(ADAM AND EVE):
Engraving (1504)Engraving (1504)
28. Modeled afterModeled after
classical Apolloclassical Apollo
Modeled afterModeled after
classical Venusclassical Venus
Bodily humorsBodily humors
cat: cholericcat: choleric
rabbit: sanguinerabbit: sanguine
ox: phlegmaticox: phlegmatic
elk: melancholicelk: melancholic
29. Modeled afterModeled after
classical Apolloclassical Apollo
Modeled after theModeled after the
Apollo Belvedere;Apollo Belvedere;
interest in classicalinterest in classical
antiquity, Italianantiquity, Italian
RenaissanceRenaissance
innovationsinnovations
31. CRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTICRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTI
Passional Christi:Passional Christi:
--13 pages of text and paired--13 pages of text and paired
images, comparing theimages, comparing the
example of Christ with theexample of Christ with the
actions of the Pope as aactions of the Pope as a
perversion of Christ’sperversion of Christ’s
teachings.teachings.
--Cranach provides the--Cranach provides the
illustrations; text written byillustrations; text written by
Philip Melancthon.Philip Melancthon.
Luther said the picturesLuther said the pictures
made the book “good formade the book “good for
laymen.”laymen.”
--Printed in 1521; goes through--Printed in 1521; goes through
21 editions, and some of the21 editions, and some of the
prints are also releases asprints are also releases as
single-leaf images.single-leaf images.
32. CRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTICRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTI
Christ driving moneyChrist driving money
changers from templechangers from temple
Pope sellingPope selling
indulgencesindulgences
33. CRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTICRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTI
Christ disavowsChrist disavows
secular authoritysecular authority
Pope demandsPope demands
secular authoritysecular authority
Arrogant bishopsArrogant bishops
who assumewho assume
temporal ruletemporal rule
should beshould be
considered asconsidered as
false teachersfalse teachers
(2 Peter 2)(2 Peter 2)
34. CRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTICRANACH: PASSIONAL CHRISTI UND ANTICHRISTI
Christ washing theChrist washing the
feet of othersfeet of others
Pope having hisPope having his
feet kissedfeet kissed
““It is indeed anIt is indeed an
un-Christianun-Christian
thing . . . forthing . . . for
(the Pope) a(the Pope) a
sinful man tosinful man to
let his feet belet his feet be
kissed by onekissed by one
who is awho is a
hundred timeshundred times
better thanbetter than
himself.”himself.”
——LutherLuther
35. MANNERISM:MANNERISM:
The Madonna with theThe Madonna with the
Long Neck by Parmigianino,Long Neck by Parmigianino,
Italy, c.1535Italy, c.1535
Other key manneristOther key mannerist
painters include:painters include:
Giulio RomanoGiulio Romano
PontormoPontormo
Rosso FiorentinoRosso Fiorentino
BronzinoBronzino
36. MANNERISM: PONTORMOMANNERISM: PONTORMO
Pontormo (1494-1557):Pontormo (1494-1557):
--Born Jacopo Carrucci--Born Jacopo Carrucci
in the city of Pontormo.in the city of Pontormo.
--May have studied--May have studied
under Leonardo daunder Leonardo da
Vinci before enteringVinci before entering
Andrea del Sarto’sAndrea del Sarto’s
workshop.workshop.
--One of the first--One of the first
Florentine artists toFlorentine artists to
turn away from theturn away from the
High Renaissance andHigh Renaissance and
towards Mannerism.towards Mannerism.
37. MANNERISM: ROSSO FIORENTINOMANNERISM: ROSSO FIORENTINO
Rosso FiorentionRosso Fiorention
(1494-1540):(1494-1540):
--Born in Florence--Born in Florence
--Studied under--Studied under
Andrea del Sarto,Andrea del Sarto,
but refused anybut refused any
permanent master.permanent master.
--Moved to France--Moved to France
and painted thereand painted there
for Francois I.for Francois I.
--Noted for his--Noted for his
strange quirks,strange quirks,
including a petincluding a pet
baboon; supposedlybaboon; supposedly
committed suicidecommitted suicide
after accusing aafter accusing a
friend of theft falsely.friend of theft falsely.
38. MANNERISM: BRONZINOMANNERISM: BRONZINO
Agnolo Bronzino (1503-Agnolo Bronzino (1503-
1572):1572):
--Born in Firenze.--Born in Firenze.
--Studied under Pontormo--Studied under Pontormo
and painted in Florence.and painted in Florence.
--Painted for Duke Cosimo--Painted for Duke Cosimo
I de Medici.I de Medici.
39. MANNERISM: PARMIGIANINOMANNERISM: PARMIGIANINO
Parmigianino (1503-Parmigianino (1503-
1540):1540):
--Born Girolamo--Born Girolamo
Francesco Mazzola inFrancesco Mazzola in
Parma.Parma.
--Worked in Rome,--Worked in Rome,
Bologna, and Parma.Bologna, and Parma.
--Accused of growing--Accused of growing
increasingly eccentric,increasingly eccentric,
becoming obsessedbecoming obsessed
with alchemy andwith alchemy and
allowing his beard toallowing his beard to
grow long andgrow long and
disordered.disordered.
40. MANNERISM:MANNERISM:
--Emphasis on artistic--Emphasis on artistic
virtuosity; sprezzaturavirtuosity; sprezzatura
--Deliberately difficult, to--Deliberately difficult, to
the point illegibility; if itthe point illegibility; if it
is too easy, it lacks classis too easy, it lacks class
--Grazia (grace): emphasis--Grazia (grace): emphasis
on eleganceon elegance
--Taste for bizarre and--Taste for bizarre and
novel, often includingnovel, often including
eroticerotic
--Abstraction—art--Abstraction—art
placing aestheticplacing aesthetic
concerns over worldlyconcerns over worldly
concerns and religiousconcerns and religious
valuesvalues
41. COUNCIL OF TRENTCOUNCIL OF TRENT
(1545-63):(1545-63):
Catholic response toCatholic response to
the Protestant Reformation.the Protestant Reformation.
Counter-ReformationCounter-Reformation
Calls for reform of artCalls for reform of art
within the Church, aswithin the Church, as
the Mannerist style wasthe Mannerist style was
considered inappropriate.considered inappropriate.
42. Giulio de’Fabriano (1564;Giulio de’Fabriano (1564;
Dialogues of the Errors ofDialogues of the Errors of
History Painting): criticizesHistory Painting): criticizes
contemporary Catholiccontemporary Catholic
artists for showing a lack ofartists for showing a lack of
piety and devotion andpiety and devotion and
paying no attention topaying no attention to
subject matter; rather, hesubject matter; rather, he
claims, they interested onlyclaims, they interested only
in “the charms of art.” Saysin “the charms of art.” Says
true beauty is in clarity, andtrue beauty is in clarity, and
both in style and subjectboth in style and subject
matter art should strivematter art should strive
for beauty through clarity.for beauty through clarity.
43. Archbishop Paleotti ofArchbishop Paleotti of
Bologna (Discourse onBologna (Discourse on
Sacred and ProfaneSacred and Profane
Images): art should be clearImages): art should be clear
and easy to understand—and easy to understand—
““books for the illiterate.”books for the illiterate.”
Desires an new art that willDesires an new art that will
““incite devotion and stingincite devotion and sting
the heart.”the heart.”
44. Some points of ChurchSome points of Church
decrees on the reform ofdecrees on the reform of
art:art:
--No “seductive charms;”--No “seductive charms;”
no eroticism,no eroticism,
lasciviousnesslasciviousness
--The main function of art--The main function of art
must be to incite devotionmust be to incite devotion
and inspire the heart of theand inspire the heart of the
worshipperworshipper
--Art should instruct the--Art should instruct the
worshipper in tenets of theworshipper in tenets of the
FaithFaith
45. EL GRECO: THE BURIAL OF COUNT ORGAZEL GRECO: THE BURIAL OF COUNT ORGAZ
Editor's Notes
Northern Europe, mention also fine artwork there, called northern ren. but name deceptive—nothing ren. about it, not this kind of classical revivaL, NOT THE INTERESTS OF THE ITALIAN ARTISTS, SO WE WILL FOCUS ON ITALY, SIMPLY BECAUSE AS WONDERFUL AS THESE PAINTINGS ARE IT IS IN ITALY THAT THE MOST INFLUENTIAL ART WILL BE BORN
Northern Europe, mention also fine artwork there, called northern ren. but name deceptive—nothing ren. about it, not this kind of classical revivaL, NOT THE INTERESTS OF THE ITALIAN ARTISTS, SO WE WILL FOCUS ON ITALY, SIMPLY BECAUSE AS WONDERFUL AS THESE PAINTINGS ARE IT IS IN ITALY THAT THE MOST INFLUENTIAL ART WILL BE BORN
But to consider rogier in terms of macabre motifs not really fair or representative, because he as an overall painter extraordinary, and every inch as good as van eyck
It’s so far from italian renaissance classical revival, the renaissance in the name totally inappropriate
It’s so far from italian renaissance classical revival, the renaissance in the name totally inappropriate
It’s so far from italian renaissance classical revival, the renaissance in the name totally inappropriate
unicrons = virgin===can only be captured by virgins
inked; wiping ink from plate, jim dine
humans initially in balance, fall throws them into vice, out of balance, but animals always vicious from creation.
humans initially in balance, fall throws them into vice, out of balance, but animals always vicious from creation.
pope here some kind of snail
pope here some kind of snail
pope here some kind of snail
pope here some kind of snail
so pretty heady stuff, from hard fisted propaganda campaign to theology, the protestants really on the offensive—what are the catholics doing, what is their response? Not much, some bad propaganda, maybe draw a beard on luther. really caught with their pants down, like they can’t believe its real, and it deosn’t take long before they have lost half of europe, and at home in italy, where church itself lives, how are italian aritsts responding, not, mannerism
so pretty heady stuff, from hard fisted propaganda campaign to theology, the protestants really on the offensive—what are the catholics doing, what is their response? Not much, some bad propaganda, maybe draw a beard on luther. really caught with their pants down, like they can’t believe its real, and it deosn’t take long before they have lost half of europe, and at home in italy, where church itself lives, how are italian aritsts responding, not, mannerism
so pretty heady stuff, from hard fisted propaganda campaign to theology, the protestants really on the offensive—what are the catholics doing, what is their response? Not much, some bad propaganda, maybe draw a beard on luther. really caught with their pants down, like they can’t believe its real, and it deosn’t take long before they have lost half of europe, and at home in italy, where church itself lives, how are italian aritsts responding, not, mannerism
so pretty heady stuff, from hard fisted propaganda campaign to theology, the protestants really on the offensive—what are the catholics doing, what is their response? Not much, some bad propaganda, maybe draw a beard on luther. really caught with their pants down, like they can’t believe its real, and it deosn’t take long before they have lost half of europe, and at home in italy, where church itself lives, how are italian aritsts responding, not, mannerism
so pretty heady stuff, from hard fisted propaganda campaign to theology, the protestants really on the offensive—what are the catholics doing, what is their response? Not much, some bad propaganda, maybe draw a beard on luther. really caught with their pants down, like they can’t believe its real, and it deosn’t take long before they have lost half of europe, and at home in italy, where church itself lives, how are italian aritsts responding, not, mannerism
so pretty heady stuff, from hard fisted propaganda campaign to theology, the protestants really on the offensive—what are the catholics doing, what is their response? Not much, some bad propaganda, maybe draw a beard on luther. really caught with their pants down, like they can’t believe its real, and it deosn’t take long before they have lost half of europe, and at home in italy, where church itself lives, how are italian aritsts responding, not, mannerism
so pretty heady stuff, from hard fisted propaganda campaign to theology, the protestants really on the offensive—what are the catholics doing, what is their response? Not much, some bad propaganda, maybe draw a beard on luther. really caught with their pants down, like they can’t believe its real, and it deosn’t take long before they have lost half of europe, and at home in italy, where church itself lives, how are italian aritsts responding, not, mannerism
book: diagoluges of the errors of history painitng
book: diagoluges of the errors of history painitng
book: diagoluges of the errors of history painitng
WHAT HAPPENS WITH EG. CRAZY CAREER, SO MANY STOPS AND STARTS, AND AFTER BLOWING AT ESCORIAL, NOW ALMOST 40, STUCK IN SPAIN, AND BLOWING IT WITH CATH IN TOLEDO, YOU WOULD THINK THAT IS THE LAST WE WILL HEAR FROM HIM, AND YET AMAZINGLY HE FROM HERE, WITHOUT ROYAL SUPPORT, WITH OUT THE CATH, BLAZE A CAREER AS ONE OF HISTORY’S FINEST RELIG PAINTERS. BACK TO TOLEDO, HARDLY EVER WORKS ANYWHERE AGAIN. BECOMES HIS CITY, STILL IS TO THIS DAY, AND IF HAD HAD THIS CONSCIOUSNESS OF RELIGIOSITY AT ESC MAYBE TURNED OUT DIFFERENTLY