Bacteria in the large intestine produce vitamins that are absorbed by the body. Probiotic foods contain beneficial bacteria. Digestive juices contain enzymes that break down nutrients into smaller molecules. There are three main types of enzymes - carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates, protease breaks down proteins, and lipase breaks down lipids with help from bile. Drugs affect body chemistry and there are medicinal and recreational drugs. Recreational drugs have no health benefits and can be addictive.

1. BACTERIA
AND
ENZYMES IN
DIGESTION

2. BACTERIA IN DIGESTION
Your large intestine contains
bacteria. They live on the fibre in
your diet. They make important
vitamins such as vitamin K. These
vitamins are absorbed into your
body and help to keep you
healthy.
Some foods called probiotic foods,
like live yoghurt, contain these
useful bacteria.

3. WHAT’S IN DIGESTIVE JUICE?
The digestive juices in your gut contain
enzymes. These are special protein that
can break large molecules of nutrients into
smaller molecules.
Enzymes are known as biological catalysts-
they speed up digestion.

4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENZYME
Different types of enzyme break down different
nutrients. There are three main types of enzymes
involved in digestion- carbohydrase, protease
and lipase

5. CARBOHYDRASE
Carbohydrase is an
enzyme that breaks
down carbohydrates
into sugar molecules.

6. PROTEASE
Protease is an
enzyme that breaks
down proteins into
amino acids.
Protease are
digested in the
stomach and small
intestine.

7. LIPASE
Lipase is an enzyme that
breaks down lipids into fatty
acids and glycerol.
Digestion of lipids takes
place in the small intestine.
It is helped by bile, a
substance made in the liver.
Bile breaks the lipids into
small droplets that are
easier for the lipase
enzymes to work on.

10. 1.6 DRUGS
What are drugs?
Drugs are chemical
substances that affect the
way your body works. They
alter chemical reactions that
take place inside your body.
Sometimes these changes
are helpful but in many
cases they are harmful.
There are two
• Medicinal drugs
• Recreational drugs

11. WHAT ARE MEDICINAL DRUGS?
Medicinal drugs are used in
medicine. They benefit your
health in some way. They may be
used to treat the symptoms of a
condition; for example,
paracetamol is taken to relieve
pain. Other drugs can cure an
illness. For example, antibiotics
are often used to treat chest
infections.

12. WHAT ARE RECREATIONAL DRUGS?
Recreational drugs are drugs that
people take for enjoyment to help
them to stay awake. Recreational
drugs normally have no health
benefits and in many cases are
harmful.

13. THREE ILLEGAL
DRUGS
• heroin
• cocaine
• cannabis
• ecstasy

14. SOME RECREATIONAL
DRUGS:
• Alcohol- drinking alcohol
affects your nervous
system and damages your
liver.
• Tobacco- smoking
significantly increases your
risk of cancer, as well as
lung and heart disease.

15. DRUG ADDICTION
If your body gets used to the
changes caused by a drug, it
may become dependent on
the drug. If this happens you
have an addiction. If a
person with an addition tries
to stop taking the drug, they
may suffer withdrawal
symptoms. (
headaches,anxiety, and