This document summarizes a study on the effect of various weed control methods on wheat yield under different cropping patterns. It begins with an introduction to weeds, their characteristics, and principles of weed management. It then describes various weed control methods including physical/mechanical (tillage, hoeing, hand weeding), cultural (crop rotation, mulching), chemical (herbicides), and biological (insects, diseases). The study tested different weed control treatments (weedy check, hand weeding, mechanical weeding, chemical weeding, integrated methods) under various cropping patterns. It found the integrated method of mechanical weeding followed by hand weeding produced the highest net benefits across all cropping patterns.

2. Name : Manoj Kumar
M.Sc. (Ag) Agroforestry
ID : AGF-14205
Supervisor : Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh
Co-supervisor: Dr. Mahendra Singh
Effect of Various Weed Control Methods on Yield and Yield Components
of Wheat Under Different Cropping Patterns

3.  Introduction
 Weed
 Weed management
 Principle of weed management

4. INTRODUCTION

5. WEED
 “ Weed is an unwanted plant growing where
is not desired.’’
- Jethro Tull
 Unwanted undesirable plant that interfere
with the utilization of land ,water resources
and thus adversely affect the crop production
and human welfare.

6. Characteristics of weed:-
 They thrive well even under adverse condition.
 They spread vegetatively .
 Able to regenerate lost plant.
 Compete with cultivated plant.
 Produce enormous number of weed.
 Ets seed remain viable for many year.
 All seed of weed mature simultaneously.

7. Weed management
The process of limiting weed infestation, so that
crop can be grown profitably or other operations
can be conducted efficiently

8. Principle of weed management
Weed
management
Prevention Eradiation Control

9. Prevention
It is a long term planning so that the weeds could be
controlled or managed more effectively and economically
than is possible where these are allowed to disperse freely.
Following preventive control measures are suggested for
adoption wherever possible & practicable.

10. Eradication
It infers that a given weed species, its seed & vegetative
part has been killed or completely removed from a given
area & that weed will not reappear unless reintroduced to
the area.

11. Control
• In control methods, the weeds are seldom
killed but their growth is severely restricted,
the crop makes a normal yield
CONTROL
PHYSICAL
MAICHENICAL
CULTURAL CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL

13. Physical and Mechanical method
I. Tillage
II. Hoeing:
III. Hand Weeding
IV. Mowing
V. Burning
VI. Flooding
VII. Grazing
IX.

14. Tillage
Tillage removes weeds from the soil resulting in
their death. It may weaken plants through injury of
root and stem pruning, reducing their
competitiveness or regenerative capacity.

15. Hand weeding:
It is done by physical
removal or pulling out of
weeds by hand or removal
by implements called
khurpi, which resembles
sickle
Hoeing :
Hoe has been the most
appropriate and widely used
weeding tool for centuries. It
is however, still a very useful
implement to obtain results
effectively and cheaply.

16. Sicklingand Moving:
Sickling is also done by hand
with the help of sickle to remove the top growth of
weeds to prevent seed production and to starve the
underground parts.Mowing is a machine-operated
practice mostly done on roadsides and in lawns
Burning:
Burning or fire is often an economical and practical
means of controlling weeds.

17. Flooding::
Flooding kills plants by reducing oxygen availability for plant
growth. The success of flooding depends upon complete
submergence of weeds for longer periods.
Grazing:
The repeated removal of
weed top growth by
grazing animals, like close
mowing, prevents seed
formation and
gradually weakens
underground parts.

18. Cultural
i. Field preparation
ii. Crop Rotations
iii. Maintenance of optimum plant population
iv. Mulching
Several cultural practices like tillage, planting,
fertilizer application, irrigation etc., are employed for
creating favorable condition for the crop. These
practices if used properly, help in controlling weeds

19. The field has to be kept weed
free. Flowering of weeds
should not be allowed. This
helps in prevention of build up
of weed seed population.
Fieldpreparation:
Crop rotation:
The possibility of a certain
weed species or group of
species occurring is greater if
the same crop is grown year
after year

20. Maintenance of optimumplant population:
Lack of adequate plant population is prone to heavy weed
infestation, which becomes, difficult to control later
Mulch is a protective covering of material maintained on soil
surface. Mulching has smothering effect on weed control by
excluding light from the photosynthetic portions of a plant
and thus inhibiting the top growth.
Mulching:

21. 3. Chemical method
Using chemicals,
generally referred as
herbicides, for the
control of weeds is
called chemical weed
control. In 1944 -
discovery of 2,4-D Na
salt as a land mark in
herbicide usage

22. Biological method
Use of living organism’s
viz., insects, disease
organisms, herbivorous
fish, snails or even
competitive plants for
the control of weeds is
called biological control

23. Treatments CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4
WC1 (Weedy Check)
WC2 (Hand Weeding at 20 and 40 DAS)
WC3 (Mechanical Weeding at 20 DAS)
WC4 (Chemical Weeding at 2-3 leaf stage
of weeds)
WC5 (Mechanical Weeding at 20 DAS +
Hand Weeding at 50 DAS)
12201.25
23697.25
13961.50
15388.30
17725.00
50304.25
72247.77
61398.25
64172.82
68549.48
45725.78
66641.77
61021.95
64313.99
66595.25
40147.58
60972.75
48588.75
52737.49
61970.27
Net benefit of various Cropping Patterns under different
weed control methods
CP1= Wheat - Fallow – Wheat, CP2= Wheat - Corn – Wheat, CP3= Wheat - Mungbean – Wheat, CP4=
Wheat - Cowpeas – Wheat

24. Integrated weed management