Web UI test cases are used for the automatic testing of web applications. When a web application is updated, these UI tests should also be updated for regression testing of the new version of web application. With the rapid evolution, updating UI tests is a tedious and time-consuming task. To solve these problems, automatically repairing web UI tests has gained increasing attention recently. To repair web UI tests, the most important step is to match the UI elements before and after the web page update. Existing work matches UI elements according to visual information, attributes value, or Document Object Model (DOM) structures. However, they either achieve low element matching accuracy or only work on simple UI tests. To solve these problems, we proposed UITESTFIX, an approach based on a novel iterative matching algorithm for improving the accuracy of matching UI elements. UITESTFIX is designed based on two main insights: (1) beyond attribute and DOM structures, the relations between different elements can also guide the matching process, and (2) the matching results of previous iterations could guide the matching of the current iteration. Our evaluation of publicly available datasets and two industrial apps shows that UITESTFIX outperforms four existing approaches by achieving more accurate element matching and producing more correct fixes.
Automated Fixing of Web UI Tests via Iterative Element MatchingYuanzhangLin
Web UI test cases are used for the automatic testing of web applications. When a web application is updated, these UI tests should also be updated for regression testing of the new version of web application. With the rapid evolution, updating UI tests is a tedious and time-consuming task. To solve these problems, automatically repairing web UI tests has gained increasing attention recently. To repair web UI tests, the most important step is to match the UI elements before and after the web page update. Existing work matches UI elements according to visual information, attributes value, or Document Object Model (DOM) structures. However, they either achieve low element matching accuracy or only work on simple UI tests. To solve these problems, we proposed UITESTFIX, an approach
based on a novel iterative matching algorithm for improving the accuracy of matching UI elements. UITESTFIX is designed based on two main insights: (1) beyond attribute and DOM structures, the relations between different elements can also guide the matching process, and (2) the matching results of previous iterations could guide the matching of the current iteration. Our evaluation of publicly available datasets and two industrial apps shows that UITESTFIX outperforms four existing approaches by achieving more accurate element matching and producing more correct fixes.
Edit Event: Automated Fixing of Web UI Tests via Iterative Element MatchingYuanzhangLin
Web UI test cases are used for the automatic testing of web applications. When a web application is updated, these UI tests should also be updated for regression testing of the new version of web application. With the rapid evolution, updating UI tests is a tedious and time-consuming task. To solve these problems, automatically repairing web UI tests has gained increasing attention recently. To repair web UI tests, the most important step is to match the UI elements before and after the web page update. Existing work matches UI elements according to visual information, attributes value, or Document Object Model (DOM) structures. However, they either achieve low element matching accuracy or only work on simple UI tests. To solve these problems, we proposed UITESTFIX, an approach based on a novel iterative matching algorithm for improving the accuracy of matching UI elements. UITESTFIX is designed based on two main insights: (1) beyond attribute and DOM structures, the relations between different elements can also guide the matching process, and (2) the matching results of previous iterations could guide the matching of the current iteration. Our evaluation of publicly available datasets and two industrial apps shows that UITESTFIX outperforms four existing approaches by achieving more accurate element matching and producing more correct fixes.
This document discusses several React patterns including compositional components, higher order components, render props, presentational and container components, child aware components, and child enhancing components. Compositional components allow code reuse through composition instead of inheritance. Higher order components accept a component and return an enhanced one. Render props share code through a prop whose value is a function. Presentational components focus on UI while container components manage data and logic. Child aware components interrogate child components' data through props and selectors. Child enhancing components add functionality to child components.
AN ENVIRONMENT FOR NON-DUPLICATE TEST GENERATION FOR WEB BASED APPLICATIONecij
Web applications quality, portability, consistency, interoperability and dependability are main parameters because software could block completely business. Internet based applications are very complex and heterogeneous also based on different kind of modules which can be implemented in a specific language, so testing is very much require. This paper represents the object oriented based environment. Web applications consist of Web related documents, class and objects and some different kinds of server like HTML, DHTML, and JAVA SCRIPT etc. This paper presents three kinds of layers of test: unit testing, integration testing and system testing. This paper also discusses the different techniques. This paper also
based on the reverse engineering techniques which can be used to analyze the software which is probably connected with a model. It also consists a method of generate the test cases. This paper also describes software used to perform some results.
The document discusses algorithms for solving dynamic connectivity problems. It introduces the union-find problem and describes two algorithms - quick find and quick union - for solving it. The key aspects are:
1) The union-find problem involves connecting a set of objects through union commands and checking connectivity through find queries.
2) Developing usable algorithms involves modeling the problem, finding an initial algorithm, and iteratively improving it based on performance and memory usage.
3) The quick find and quick union algorithms use arrays to represent connections between objects and support union and find operations efficiently.
This document describes a name entity recognition (NER) system that classifies entities like locations, people, organizations, dates, and money amounts from free text. It discusses the main modules of the system - data selection, algorithm application, entity identification and classification, and result display. Visual Studio, SQL Server, and .NET are proposed as tools for the system's development, with .NET used for the front-end interface, SQL Server as the backend database, and Visual Studio for compiling programs. The system is aimed at helping users find useful information from texts.
This document describes a name entity recognition (NER) system that classifies entities like locations, people, organizations, dates, and money amounts from free text. It discusses the main modules of the system - data selection, algorithm application, entity identification and classification, and result display. Visual Studio, SQL Server, and .NET are proposed as tools for the system's development, with .NET used for the front-end interface and Visual Studio for compiling programs. The system is aimed at helping users find useful information from texts.
Indianapolis mule soft_meetup_14_apr_2021-Review a complex Dataweave Transfor...ikram_ahamed
This document summarizes a meetup event about reviewing a complex Dataweave transformation use case. The meetup was organized by Ikram Mohamed of OneAmerica and featured a presentation by Alexandra Martinez, a Senior Mulesoft Developer and Mulesoft Ambassador. The presentation reviewed the key concepts needed to solve the use case, including Dataweave modules, functions, variables, flow control, and core functions. It provided sample input and expected output JSON structures to transform and outlined the step-by-step logic required. The solution involved a tail recursive function to iterate through the connections array and build up an output array. Code for the solution was available in a GitHub repository and questions were invited at the end.
Automated Fixing of Web UI Tests via Iterative Element MatchingYuanzhangLin
Web UI test cases are used for the automatic testing of web applications. When a web application is updated, these UI tests should also be updated for regression testing of the new version of web application. With the rapid evolution, updating UI tests is a tedious and time-consuming task. To solve these problems, automatically repairing web UI tests has gained increasing attention recently. To repair web UI tests, the most important step is to match the UI elements before and after the web page update. Existing work matches UI elements according to visual information, attributes value, or Document Object Model (DOM) structures. However, they either achieve low element matching accuracy or only work on simple UI tests. To solve these problems, we proposed UITESTFIX, an approach
based on a novel iterative matching algorithm for improving the accuracy of matching UI elements. UITESTFIX is designed based on two main insights: (1) beyond attribute and DOM structures, the relations between different elements can also guide the matching process, and (2) the matching results of previous iterations could guide the matching of the current iteration. Our evaluation of publicly available datasets and two industrial apps shows that UITESTFIX outperforms four existing approaches by achieving more accurate element matching and producing more correct fixes.
Edit Event: Automated Fixing of Web UI Tests via Iterative Element MatchingYuanzhangLin
Web UI test cases are used for the automatic testing of web applications. When a web application is updated, these UI tests should also be updated for regression testing of the new version of web application. With the rapid evolution, updating UI tests is a tedious and time-consuming task. To solve these problems, automatically repairing web UI tests has gained increasing attention recently. To repair web UI tests, the most important step is to match the UI elements before and after the web page update. Existing work matches UI elements according to visual information, attributes value, or Document Object Model (DOM) structures. However, they either achieve low element matching accuracy or only work on simple UI tests. To solve these problems, we proposed UITESTFIX, an approach based on a novel iterative matching algorithm for improving the accuracy of matching UI elements. UITESTFIX is designed based on two main insights: (1) beyond attribute and DOM structures, the relations between different elements can also guide the matching process, and (2) the matching results of previous iterations could guide the matching of the current iteration. Our evaluation of publicly available datasets and two industrial apps shows that UITESTFIX outperforms four existing approaches by achieving more accurate element matching and producing more correct fixes.
This document discusses several React patterns including compositional components, higher order components, render props, presentational and container components, child aware components, and child enhancing components. Compositional components allow code reuse through composition instead of inheritance. Higher order components accept a component and return an enhanced one. Render props share code through a prop whose value is a function. Presentational components focus on UI while container components manage data and logic. Child aware components interrogate child components' data through props and selectors. Child enhancing components add functionality to child components.
AN ENVIRONMENT FOR NON-DUPLICATE TEST GENERATION FOR WEB BASED APPLICATIONecij
Web applications quality, portability, consistency, interoperability and dependability are main parameters because software could block completely business. Internet based applications are very complex and heterogeneous also based on different kind of modules which can be implemented in a specific language, so testing is very much require. This paper represents the object oriented based environment. Web applications consist of Web related documents, class and objects and some different kinds of server like HTML, DHTML, and JAVA SCRIPT etc. This paper presents three kinds of layers of test: unit testing, integration testing and system testing. This paper also discusses the different techniques. This paper also
based on the reverse engineering techniques which can be used to analyze the software which is probably connected with a model. It also consists a method of generate the test cases. This paper also describes software used to perform some results.
The document discusses algorithms for solving dynamic connectivity problems. It introduces the union-find problem and describes two algorithms - quick find and quick union - for solving it. The key aspects are:
1) The union-find problem involves connecting a set of objects through union commands and checking connectivity through find queries.
2) Developing usable algorithms involves modeling the problem, finding an initial algorithm, and iteratively improving it based on performance and memory usage.
3) The quick find and quick union algorithms use arrays to represent connections between objects and support union and find operations efficiently.
This document describes a name entity recognition (NER) system that classifies entities like locations, people, organizations, dates, and money amounts from free text. It discusses the main modules of the system - data selection, algorithm application, entity identification and classification, and result display. Visual Studio, SQL Server, and .NET are proposed as tools for the system's development, with .NET used for the front-end interface, SQL Server as the backend database, and Visual Studio for compiling programs. The system is aimed at helping users find useful information from texts.
This document describes a name entity recognition (NER) system that classifies entities like locations, people, organizations, dates, and money amounts from free text. It discusses the main modules of the system - data selection, algorithm application, entity identification and classification, and result display. Visual Studio, SQL Server, and .NET are proposed as tools for the system's development, with .NET used for the front-end interface and Visual Studio for compiling programs. The system is aimed at helping users find useful information from texts.
Indianapolis mule soft_meetup_14_apr_2021-Review a complex Dataweave Transfor...ikram_ahamed
This document summarizes a meetup event about reviewing a complex Dataweave transformation use case. The meetup was organized by Ikram Mohamed of OneAmerica and featured a presentation by Alexandra Martinez, a Senior Mulesoft Developer and Mulesoft Ambassador. The presentation reviewed the key concepts needed to solve the use case, including Dataweave modules, functions, variables, flow control, and core functions. It provided sample input and expected output JSON structures to transform and outlined the step-by-step logic required. The solution involved a tail recursive function to iterate through the connections array and build up an output array. Code for the solution was available in a GitHub repository and questions were invited at the end.
ASP.NET is a web development platform provided by Microsoft that is used for creating web-based applications. It allows applications to be written in languages like C#, VB.Net, and J#. ASP.NET uses a request-response model where requests are handled by the web server which returns responses to the client. It has a set of standard class libraries, the most used being the Web library which contains components for developing web applications. ASP.NET applications go through a page lifecycle on each request, initializing objects and allowing events to be handled at each stage before a response is returned.
Unit testing and end-to-end (E2E) testing are important types of automated testing for JavaScript applications. Unit tests focus on testing individual functions or components in isolation to catch bugs, while E2E tests ensure that user flows work as expected by interacting with the application through a browser. The presentation discussed setting up testing frameworks like Karma and Jasmine for unit testing and Protractor for E2E testing. It also covered writing testable code, handling dependencies through dependency injection, and selecting elements and interacting with them during E2E tests.
NEXT- A System for Real-World Development, Evaluation, and Application of Act...Nicholas Glattard
The NEXT system provides an open-source platform for large-scale, real-world active learning research and experimentation. It handles aspects like collecting data from crowdsourcing platforms, routing data to active learning algorithms, and managing algorithms. Researchers can easily deploy and test new active learning algorithms on the system. The system aims to enable the same type of in-depth experimentation for active learning that has helped advance other machine learning areas. It addresses issues that had previously limited active learning research to smaller-scale, simulated experiments.
Learn from ST Unitas, a Korean education technology company with over 60 brand names, including a recent merge with the Princeton Review, on how they leverage AWS machine learning (ML) services to enhance student learning.
This document provides an overview of using Microsoft Excel 2003 to connect to the web and perform tasks like inserting hyperlinks, saving worksheets as web pages, importing data from web queries, and using the Today() function for date arithmetic. Key points covered include how to insert hyperlinks, save a workbook as a web page, use web queries to import dynamic data from the web, and refresh queries to get updated information. Formatting and functions like Today() and calculating differences between dates are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of adding code to Microsoft ASP.NET web forms. It discusses using code-behind pages, adding event procedures to web server controls, and using page events. Specific topics covered include implementing code using different methods, writing inline code, understanding code-behind pages, creating event procedures, interacting with controls in events, and the page event life cycle.
This document summarizes key concepts about graphical elements, intents, and activities in Android app development:
I. Views and ViewGroups are the basic graphical elements in Android. Views occupy screen space while ViewGroups are invisible containers that define element placement. Layouts like LinearLayout are ViewGroups that organize widgets.
II. An example app interface is created with buttons, text views, and inputs. Buttons can define click behavior via listeners, methods, or implementing interfaces. Text fields read and modify content.
III. Intents pass actions and data between app components. ExplicitIntents specify started components while ImplicitIntents declare actions. Data is passed via extras. Activities can start each other and return results via
Multi Similarity Measure based Result Merging Strategies in Meta Search EngineIDES Editor
In Meta Search Engine result merging is the key
component. Meta Search Engines provide a uniform query
interface for Internet users to search for information.
Depending on users’ needs, they select relevant sources and
map user queries into the target search engines, subsequently
merging the results. The effectiveness of a Meta Search
Engine is closely related to the result merging algorithm it
employs. In this paper, we have proposed a Meta Search
Engine, which has two distinct steps (1) searching through
surface and deep search engine, and (2) Ranking the results
through the designed ranking algorithm. Initially, the query
given by the user is inputted to the deep and surface search
engine. The proposed method used two distinct algorithms
for ranking the search results, concept similarity based
method and cosine similarity based method. Once the results
from various search engines are ranked, the proposed Meta
Search Engine merges them into a single ranked list. Finally,
the experimentation will be done to prove the efficiency of
the proposed visible and invisible web-based Meta Search
Engine in merging the relevant pages. TSAP is used as the
evaluation criteria and the algorithms are evaluated based on
these criteria.
This document summarizes a web recommender project. It describes three algorithms - baseline, HTML structure-based, and semantics-based - for recommending relevant web pages based on an input page. An evaluation of the algorithms on five topics found the structure-based algorithm performed best overall, particularly for the topic of "entropy". Error analysis revealed ways to improve the semantic algorithm, such as combining title words with named entities. The project demonstrated the importance of topic on recommendation success and provided insights into developing effective web recommending tools.
It contains basic fundamental of class, object, method overloading, constructor, destructor, visibility, acess specifier, Methods, overloading, clonning of objects etc. are covered here.
Kindly look at it and give your comments to improve it as good as possible ways.
Having Fun Building Web Applications (Day 1 Slides)Clarence Ngoh
This document outlines the agenda and content for Day 1 of a web applications course. The instructor will cover building the front end of web applications using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery and templating. Students will practice implementing common front end patterns and components. They will scaffold and style a matchmaking application, adding user profiles, events and APIs. The goal is to build out the front end interface without a backend, focusing on design, interactivity and data loading.
IRJET- Semantics based Document ClusteringIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed ontology-based document clustering system. The system uses a two-step clustering algorithm that first applies K-means partitioning clustering followed by hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Ontology is introduced through a weighting scheme that integrates traditional TF-IDF word weights with weights of semantic relations between words from the ontology. The goal is to produce document clusters that are semantically meaningful by accounting for relationships between words, rather than just word co-occurrence. An overview of the system architecture and modules is provided, along with descriptions of preprocessing, concept weighting, clustering approaches, and initial implementation results.
IRJET- Machine Learning: Survey, Types and ChallengesIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of machine learning, including its types and challenges. It discusses supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Supervised learning uses labeled training data to predict discrete or continuous output values. Unsupervised learning finds hidden patterns in unlabeled data through clustering. Common supervised algorithms are logistic regression, decision trees, k-nearest neighbors and common unsupervised algorithm is clustering. The document also gives examples to explain machine learning concepts and algorithms.
This document proposes a new approach for automatically fixing software bugs. It involves using a cause-effect graph to identify the root cause of a bug after it has been detected through testing. Once the root cause is identified, a decision table is used to determine the appropriate patch to apply. The proposed approach is compared to prior work on automatic bug fixing using techniques like genetic programming and predefined fix patterns. An example of automatically fixing an invalid login bug is provided to illustrate how the cause-effect graph and decision table would work to identify the root cause and corresponding patch.
I am Cecily K. I am a Python Assignment Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Programming from, University of Chicago, USA. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Python Programming.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Python Programming Assignments.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document provides instructions for an object-oriented programming assignment with 12 questions. Students are asked to write classes to model concepts like marks, circles, books, employee data, bank accounts, cars, timers, and students. The classes are to have data members and member functions to set, get, calculate and display the data. Main programs are to create objects and test the classes. Students must submit the assignment in MS Word or handwritten along with screenshots of program outputs by the deadline of June 20th.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
ASP.NET is a web development platform provided by Microsoft that is used for creating web-based applications. It allows applications to be written in languages like C#, VB.Net, and J#. ASP.NET uses a request-response model where requests are handled by the web server which returns responses to the client. It has a set of standard class libraries, the most used being the Web library which contains components for developing web applications. ASP.NET applications go through a page lifecycle on each request, initializing objects and allowing events to be handled at each stage before a response is returned.
Unit testing and end-to-end (E2E) testing are important types of automated testing for JavaScript applications. Unit tests focus on testing individual functions or components in isolation to catch bugs, while E2E tests ensure that user flows work as expected by interacting with the application through a browser. The presentation discussed setting up testing frameworks like Karma and Jasmine for unit testing and Protractor for E2E testing. It also covered writing testable code, handling dependencies through dependency injection, and selecting elements and interacting with them during E2E tests.
NEXT- A System for Real-World Development, Evaluation, and Application of Act...Nicholas Glattard
The NEXT system provides an open-source platform for large-scale, real-world active learning research and experimentation. It handles aspects like collecting data from crowdsourcing platforms, routing data to active learning algorithms, and managing algorithms. Researchers can easily deploy and test new active learning algorithms on the system. The system aims to enable the same type of in-depth experimentation for active learning that has helped advance other machine learning areas. It addresses issues that had previously limited active learning research to smaller-scale, simulated experiments.
Learn from ST Unitas, a Korean education technology company with over 60 brand names, including a recent merge with the Princeton Review, on how they leverage AWS machine learning (ML) services to enhance student learning.
This document provides an overview of using Microsoft Excel 2003 to connect to the web and perform tasks like inserting hyperlinks, saving worksheets as web pages, importing data from web queries, and using the Today() function for date arithmetic. Key points covered include how to insert hyperlinks, save a workbook as a web page, use web queries to import dynamic data from the web, and refresh queries to get updated information. Formatting and functions like Today() and calculating differences between dates are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of adding code to Microsoft ASP.NET web forms. It discusses using code-behind pages, adding event procedures to web server controls, and using page events. Specific topics covered include implementing code using different methods, writing inline code, understanding code-behind pages, creating event procedures, interacting with controls in events, and the page event life cycle.
This document summarizes key concepts about graphical elements, intents, and activities in Android app development:
I. Views and ViewGroups are the basic graphical elements in Android. Views occupy screen space while ViewGroups are invisible containers that define element placement. Layouts like LinearLayout are ViewGroups that organize widgets.
II. An example app interface is created with buttons, text views, and inputs. Buttons can define click behavior via listeners, methods, or implementing interfaces. Text fields read and modify content.
III. Intents pass actions and data between app components. ExplicitIntents specify started components while ImplicitIntents declare actions. Data is passed via extras. Activities can start each other and return results via
Multi Similarity Measure based Result Merging Strategies in Meta Search EngineIDES Editor
In Meta Search Engine result merging is the key
component. Meta Search Engines provide a uniform query
interface for Internet users to search for information.
Depending on users’ needs, they select relevant sources and
map user queries into the target search engines, subsequently
merging the results. The effectiveness of a Meta Search
Engine is closely related to the result merging algorithm it
employs. In this paper, we have proposed a Meta Search
Engine, which has two distinct steps (1) searching through
surface and deep search engine, and (2) Ranking the results
through the designed ranking algorithm. Initially, the query
given by the user is inputted to the deep and surface search
engine. The proposed method used two distinct algorithms
for ranking the search results, concept similarity based
method and cosine similarity based method. Once the results
from various search engines are ranked, the proposed Meta
Search Engine merges them into a single ranked list. Finally,
the experimentation will be done to prove the efficiency of
the proposed visible and invisible web-based Meta Search
Engine in merging the relevant pages. TSAP is used as the
evaluation criteria and the algorithms are evaluated based on
these criteria.
This document summarizes a web recommender project. It describes three algorithms - baseline, HTML structure-based, and semantics-based - for recommending relevant web pages based on an input page. An evaluation of the algorithms on five topics found the structure-based algorithm performed best overall, particularly for the topic of "entropy". Error analysis revealed ways to improve the semantic algorithm, such as combining title words with named entities. The project demonstrated the importance of topic on recommendation success and provided insights into developing effective web recommending tools.
It contains basic fundamental of class, object, method overloading, constructor, destructor, visibility, acess specifier, Methods, overloading, clonning of objects etc. are covered here.
Kindly look at it and give your comments to improve it as good as possible ways.
Having Fun Building Web Applications (Day 1 Slides)Clarence Ngoh
This document outlines the agenda and content for Day 1 of a web applications course. The instructor will cover building the front end of web applications using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery and templating. Students will practice implementing common front end patterns and components. They will scaffold and style a matchmaking application, adding user profiles, events and APIs. The goal is to build out the front end interface without a backend, focusing on design, interactivity and data loading.
IRJET- Semantics based Document ClusteringIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed ontology-based document clustering system. The system uses a two-step clustering algorithm that first applies K-means partitioning clustering followed by hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Ontology is introduced through a weighting scheme that integrates traditional TF-IDF word weights with weights of semantic relations between words from the ontology. The goal is to produce document clusters that are semantically meaningful by accounting for relationships between words, rather than just word co-occurrence. An overview of the system architecture and modules is provided, along with descriptions of preprocessing, concept weighting, clustering approaches, and initial implementation results.
IRJET- Machine Learning: Survey, Types and ChallengesIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of machine learning, including its types and challenges. It discusses supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Supervised learning uses labeled training data to predict discrete or continuous output values. Unsupervised learning finds hidden patterns in unlabeled data through clustering. Common supervised algorithms are logistic regression, decision trees, k-nearest neighbors and common unsupervised algorithm is clustering. The document also gives examples to explain machine learning concepts and algorithms.
This document proposes a new approach for automatically fixing software bugs. It involves using a cause-effect graph to identify the root cause of a bug after it has been detected through testing. Once the root cause is identified, a decision table is used to determine the appropriate patch to apply. The proposed approach is compared to prior work on automatic bug fixing using techniques like genetic programming and predefined fix patterns. An example of automatically fixing an invalid login bug is provided to illustrate how the cause-effect graph and decision table would work to identify the root cause and corresponding patch.
I am Cecily K. I am a Python Assignment Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Programming from, University of Chicago, USA. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Python Programming.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Python Programming Assignments.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document provides instructions for an object-oriented programming assignment with 12 questions. Students are asked to write classes to model concepts like marks, circles, books, employee data, bank accounts, cars, timers, and students. The classes are to have data members and member functions to set, get, calculate and display the data. Main programs are to create objects and test the classes. Students must submit the assignment in MS Word or handwritten along with screenshots of program outputs by the deadline of June 20th.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
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12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
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5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
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Power Grid Model
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Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
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1. Automated Fixing of Web UI Tests
via Iterative Element Matching
1
Yuanzhang Lin∗
Beihang University
Beijing, China
linyz2020@gmail.com
Guoyao Wen
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen, China
wenguoyao@huawei.com
Xiang Gao
Beihang University
Beijing, China
xiang_gao@buaa.edu.cn
∗This work was primarily undertaken by the author during his internship at Huawei while studying at the
Southern University of Science and Technology.
We greatly appreciate the suggestions and effort provided by Shin Hwei Tan.
ASE 2023
2. Why do we need automated UI test case repair?
Web
application
Test
cases
Write
Tester
s
Click
2
Click
By.xpath("//a[text()='Admin']")
3. Why do we need automated UI test case repair?
Web
application
Test
cases
Write
Tester
s
Click
Find the new locator.
Modify the broken tests.
Make sure the
repaired test cases
run correctly.
3
Click
By.xpath("//a[text()='Admin']") By.xpath("//a[text()=‘Rooms']
")
4. Why do we need automated UI test case repair?
Web
application
Test
cases
Write
Tester
s
Click
Manual test case repair is time-consuming and labor-intensive.
There is a hope for automated tools to assist in repairing test cases.
Find the new locator.
Modify the broken tests.
Make sure the
repaired test cases
run correctly.
4
Click
By.xpath("//a[text()='Admin']") By.xpath("//a[text()=‘Rooms']
")
5. Why do existing algorithms have insufficient matching accuracy?
driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/form/input[3]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Admin']")).click();
....
Assert.assertEquals(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='admi
n.php']")).getText(), "Back to Admin");
2
1
3
1
version
1.2.6.1
Part of the broken test case
“DeleteNegativeAreaTest”.
5
3
6. Why do existing algorithms have insufficient matching accuracy?
driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/form/input[3]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Admin']")).click();
....
Assert.assertEquals(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='admi
n.php']")).getText(), "Back to Admin");
2
1
3
1
1
version
1.2.6.1
version
1.4.9
1. Visual change (background
color).
2. Text change.
3. Properties change.
Part of the broken test case
“DeleteNegativeAreaTest”.
Self-information:
6
3 3
Part of HTML in the version 1.2.6.1
Part of HTML in the version
1.4.9
7. Why do existing tools have insufficient matching accuracy?
To improve accuracy ,
SFTM simply uses the
parent node’s properties
to assist in matching the
child nodes.
7
[1] Brisset, Sacha, et al. "SFTM: Fast matching of web pages using Similarity-based Flexible Tree Matching. " Information Systems 112
(2023): 102126.
Part of HTML in the version 1.2.6.1
Part of HTML in the version
1.4.9
the properties of
parent nodes have
also changed
8. How would a human match these two elements?
1 Match elements with high similarity:
8
Matching elements by
multiple steps.
9. How would a human match these two elements?
1
2
Match elements with high similarity:
Match the group of three elements because two
elements in this group have already been matched:
9
Matching elements by
multiple steps.
10. How would a human match these two elements?
1
2
3
“admin.php?day=28;month=01”
Match elements with high similarity:
Match the group of three elements because two
elements in this group have already been matched:
Infer that Admin and Rooms button match because
they have certain similar properties and are
located within the matching region:
10
Matching elements by
multiple steps.
11. How would a human match these two elements?
I1: Elements with closer matched
ancestors are more similar.
I2: Ancestors with more common
leaf elements are more similar.
I3: Matching elements by multiple
iterations.
Our tool UITESTFIX
based on the following
idea:
11
ancestor
leaf elements
close
r
1 1
2
3
2
We further propose two similarity based on I1 and I2, which will updated
iteratively.
12. Id Similarity.
The most straightforward similarity metric is
the exact matching of n.id.
To calculate the similarity of text properties,
we use Levenshtein distance.
Property Similarity.
We use TF-IDF to calculate property
similarity, where text, tag and attribute
are used as tokens.
Text Similarity.
01
02
03
Initialize the similarity
matrix.
12
Help Help
Levenshtein distance
Old version New version
TF-IDF
id="chips" id="chips"
Exact
matching
Methodology - Similarity Metrics
13. 13
Closest
matched
ancestors
The length from the
root node element
to the closer
matched ancestors.
Closer matched
ancestors
Matching
relationship
I1: Elements with closer matched ancestors are more similar.
Methodology - Path Similarity
14. Region Similarity:
The proportion of matching
leaf node elements in two
region elements
Old Region Element:
New Region Element:
14
matched
Old leaf node elements:
New leaf node elements:
More matched leaf elements
I2: Ancestors with more common leaf elements are more similar.
Methodology - Region Similarity
16. 16
1 1
1 1
1
Other elements…
Other elements…
I3: Matching elements by multiple iterations.
Methodology - Iterative matching process.
17. 17
1 1
1 1
1
Other elements…
Other elements…
I3: Matching elements by multiple iterations.
Methodology - Iterative matching process.
18. 18
1 1
1 1
1
2
2
2
2
Other elements…
Other elements…
I3: Matching elements by multiple iterations.
Methodology - Iterative matching process.
19. 19
1 1
1 1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
Other elements…
Other elements…
The iteration stops at the fourth round since the matching results are no longer
updated.
I3: Matching elements by multiple iterations.
Methodology - Iterative matching process.
21. Evaluation
UI Match Dataset: UI Test Dataset:
Effectiveness on Matching Elements. Effectiveness on Repairing UI Tests.
[1] F. Shao, R. Xu, W. Haque, J. Xu, Y. Zhang, W. Yang, Y. Ye, and X. Xiao, “Webevo: taming web application evolution via detecting
semantic structure changes,” in Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, 2021,
pp. 16–28. 21
23. Evaluation
UITESTFIX improved by 16.1% compared to the best existing algorithm.
With improved accuracy, we believe it is acceptable to take <1s to generate
matching results for each web page.
Effectiveness on Matching Elements.
23
Publicly
available
web pages.
Industrial
web pages.
25. Evaluation
In total, UITESTFIX successfully fixes 113(68%) broken tests, while the best
existing tool only fixes 73(44%) of them.
Effectiveness on Repairing UI Tests.
25
Publicly
available
test
cases.
Industrial
test
cases.
26. Conclusion
02
A novel iterative matching
algorithm.
We evaluate algorithms on
publicly available and
industrial datasets
26
01
Editor's Notes
Hello! everyone.
I'm yuanzhang lin from beihang university.
I'm going to present our work "Automated Fixing of Web UI Tests via Iterative Element Matching".
This work is a collaboration between Beihang University , Sustech and Huawei.
I greatly appreciate the suggestions and effort provided by my master supervsor Shin Hwei Tan.
Generally, testers write UI test cases for testing a web application.
The test case will use the locator to find the element and do action on it.
When the version is updated, some actions will crash because the original locator cannot find the element.
The testers needs to find the new locator, use it to replace the crashed locator, and make sure the repaired test cases run correctly.
But manual test case repair is time-consuming and labor-intensive.
These is a hope for automated tools to assist in repairing test cases.
There are currently some existing work for UI test cases, and we hope to use an example to explain why existing algorithms have insufficient matching accuracy.
This is a part of the broken test case.
The test case will click the Admin button in the third step.
However, in the new version, the "Admin" button has changed to the "Rooms" button.
Some information of the element, such as visual information, text, and properties, has been changed.
For example, the background color of this button changes from light blue to dark blue.
Therefore, some exsiting algorithms , such as WATER、 VISTA and WEBEVO, based on these information can not match this element.
To improve accuracy , SFTM simply uses the parent node's attributes to assist in matching the child nodes.
In this picture, parent node is the td element,
Since the td element in the new version has no properties, the similarity between td elements is very low.
So, the parent nodes can not help the these elements to match and SFTM fails to match these elements.
To further improve accuracy, let us first to see how human match these two elements.
Firstly, match elements with high similarity, such as the Help element and the Report element.
Secondly, Match the group of three elements because two elements in this group have already been matched.
Finally, infer that these two buttons match because they have certain similar properties and are located in the matching regions.
We can find that human match element by multiple steps.
So, Inspired by human matching methods, we proposed our tool UITESTFIX based on the following idea:
The first idea is that elements with closer matched ancestors are more similar.
The second idea is that ancestors with more common leaf elements are more similar.
The third idea is that matching elements by multiple iterations.
We further propose two similarity based on I1 and I2, and them will updated iteratively.
Next we will introduce our method UITESTFIX in more detail.
At first, to evaluate similarity of two elements , we use Id similarity, Properties Similarity and Text similarity to initialize the similarity matrix.
Beyond these three similarities, we propose two similarities to use matched elements to help the unmatched element.
We proposed path similarity based on idea 1.
Given the element, we first collect the path from the root node to the target element, and evaluate the similarity of two path.
If the elements with closer matched ancestors, them will have higher path similarity.
We proposed region similarity based on idea 2.
Region similarity is the proportion of matching leaf node elements in two region elements.
The more leaf elements matched in these two region, the higher the similarity of the region elements.
For example, in this picture, the search element has been matched and it will increase the similarity of these two region elements.
The core idea of UITESTFIX is the iterative matching process, which is based on the idea 3.
During the first iteration, some highly similar elements successfully matched.
Based on the existing matching results, the similarity of some elements improved.
For example, the similarity of this element improved because all of its leaf nodes successfully matched.
Therefore, these is the the matching results after the second iteration .
The second iteration's matching results increased the path similarity of the Admin button and the input element, leading to a successful match.
The iteration stops at the fourth round since the matching results are no longer updated.
So, let's look at how UITESTFIX works in totally.
When a test case throws an exception during the execution, UITESTFIX will catch this exception.
Subsequently, UITESTFIX uses three similarities to build the initial similarity, iteratively updates similarity and outputs the final matching results.
UITESTFIX will execute the broken action on the matched element to complete the dynamic repair.
We use two datasets to evaluate algorithms.
The UI match dataset is used to evaluate the performance of element matching, while the UI test dataset is used to evaluate the performance of test case repair.
First, we want to know the effectiveness on matching elements.
From the experimental results, we can see that UITESTFIX improved by 16.1% compared to the best existing algorithm.
With improved accuracy, we believe it is acceptable to take less than one second to generate matching result.
First, we want to know the effectiveness on matching elements.
From the experimental results, we can see that UITESTFIX improved by 16.1% compared to the best existing algorithm.
With improved accuracy, we believe it is acceptable to take less than one second to generate matching result.
The table shows the effectiveness on repairing UI tests, UITESTFIX successfully fixes 113 broken test cases, while the best existing tool only fixes 73 of them.
The table shows the effectiveness on repairing UI tests, UITESTFIX successfully fixes 113 broken test cases, while the best existing tool only fixes 73 of them.
In conclusion, we proposed UITESTFIX, an approach based on a novel iterative matching algorithm for fixing broken UI tests.
Then, we evaluate algorithms on publicly available and industrial datasets.
UITESTFIX outperforms four existing approaches in producing more accurate matching and correct repairs.
That’s all of my presentation, thank you for your listening.