The document provides an overview of web accessibility, emphasizing its importance for individuals with disabilities and the relevance of regulatory standards like WCAG Level AA. It outlines accessibility tools and testing methods, as well as specific features in Drupal 8 that support compliance. The document concludes with suggested next steps for organizations to improve their web accessibility.

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Web Accessibility:
Overview and Paths to Success
Danielle Sheffler, Sr. Program Manager, Professional Services
Rob Fitzgibbon, UX Manager

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Agenda
– Introductions
– Accessibility Overview
– WCAG Level AA
– Tools for Accessibility Testing
– Accessibility and Drupal 8
– Next Steps

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Introductions
Rob Fitzgibbon
Danielle Sheffler

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Accessibility Overview

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Accessibility Overview
– Definition of Accessibility
– Accessibility Facts
– Who needs accessibility
– Accessibility laws throughout the world
– Difference between accessibility, 508 compliance, and ADA

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What is Accessibility?
– “...Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web. More
specifically, Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can perceive,
understand, navigate, and interact with the Web, and that they can contribute to the
Web. Web accessibility also benefits others, including older people with changing
abilities due to aging.” https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php

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Accessibility Facts
– More than a billion people are estimated to live with some form of disability
– 15% of the world’s population
– The number of people with disabilities is growing as national populations
grow older and global chronic health conditions, such as diabetes, increase
– Using digital technologies can be a problem not just for the visually impaired
but a much wider section of the community.
– By making websites and digital technologies accessible, we help to create an
inclusive environment for people with a disability

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Who Needs Accessibility and Why?
– Everyone!
– Ability to be temporarily disabled
– Universal Design

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Examples of Accessibility Regulations
– Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
– Series of web accessibility guidelines published by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the main international standards organization for the
Internet. WCAG standards come in 3 sizes (A, AA, AAA)
– https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/)
– Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
– Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
– Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
– Canadian Government Standard on Web Accessibility (2011)
– UK Equality Act 2010
– Australia Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA)
– India Guidelines for Indian Government Websites

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WCAG Level AA

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WCAG Level AA
– Why Level AA is the standard
– Basic rules and principles/resources

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Why WCAG Level AA is the standard
– Level A: This involves the smallest amount of implementation effort and has
the lowest impact on the presentation and business logic on your site.
– Level AA: This has a high impact for users and makes a higher impact
on the system’s presentation and business logic. Most businesses
choose to focus on Level AA.
– Level AAA: These changes are usually for specific user populations and can
be very difficult to adhere to.

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WCAG Level AA Rules and Principles
WCAG - technical standard that has 12 guidelines under 4 principles
– Perceivable - users must be able to perceive the information being presented
– Can't be invisible to all of their senses
– Operable
– Users must be able to operate the interface
– Interface cannot require interaction that a user cannot perform
– Understandable
– Content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding
– Robust
– Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user
agents, including assistive technologies

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Tools for Accessibility Testing

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Tools for Accessibility Testing
– Screen Reader
– Automated Testing

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Tools for Accessibility Testing: Screen Readers
– JAWS for PC
– Narrator for PC (free)
– Apple VoiceOver (free)

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Tools for Accessibility Testing: Automated Testing
– WAVE
– WAVE plugin
for Firefox or
Chrome (if
behind firewall)

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Tools for Accessibility Testing: Automated Testing
aXe plugin

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Tools for Accessibility Testing: Automated
Testingpa11y

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Accessibility and Drupal 8

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How does accessibility fit into Drupal 8?
– What is in Drupal 8 out of the box?
– What can you add to your site to assist with compliance?

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What is in Drupal 8 out of the box?
– WAI-ARIA landmarks, live regions, roles & properties
– Drupal.announce( ) to provide timely messages to aural
users
– Controlled tab order
– Fieldsets for forms and advanced search
– jQuery UI delivering autocomplete
– Alt text is required
– Accessible form errors

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Additional Modules
– Automatic Alternative Text
– CKEditor Accessibility Checker
– High contrast
– Siteimprove
– Text Resize
Note: Acquia has not evaluated these modules for security and adherence to Drupal best practices
https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/accessibility/contributed-modules-for-extending-accessibility-in-drupal-8

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Next Steps

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Suggested Next Steps
– Begin testing your homepage and top 20 pages that are
most important to the business and most viewed
according to analytics
– Ensure that all new code and content being added to
your site is accessible
– Utilize checklists sent out after webinar
– Contact Acquia Subject Matter Experts with offerings you
may be interested in

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Contact Information
Danielle Sheffler, Sr. Program Manager, Professional Services
danielle.sheffler@acquia.com
Rob Fitzgibbon, UX Manager
robert.fitzgibbon@acquia.com

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Thank You

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Resources
– WCAG Level AA Requirements and Techniques
– JAWS User Manual
– Narrator User Manual
– Apple VoiceOver User Manual
– WAVE User Guide
– aXe User Guide
– Pa11y User Guide
– Drupal 8 Accessibility
– Additional Drupal 8 Accessibility Modules