Jonathan Beller, Digital Ideology PresentationJonathanBeller
The document provides a summary and critique of digital ideology and media from several perspectives. McLuhan argued that new media technologies alter human senses and agency in ways that are not easily recognized. Enzensberger criticized the bourgeois media as being ideologically sterile and aimed only at control. Baudrillard saw media as preventing response and communication through "the terrorism of the code." The document then discusses how media functions as capital through advertising and data extraction, transforming the nature of value and exploitation in capitalist society.
The document discusses digital ethnography and trends in digital ethnographic research. It begins with an outline covering entering the field, topics and trends in digital ethnography, misconceptions about digital ethnography, and methods and ethics of digital ethnography. Examples of digital ethnography research are provided covering various topics like virtual worlds, social media, political economy, ubiquitous digital technologies, and posthuman perspectives. Challenges of digital fieldwork are addressed, such as the fragmented and multi-sited nature of digital fieldsites, as well as embodied and sensory aspects of digital fieldwork.
This document summarizes Rosi Braidotti's article "Cyberfeminism with a difference". It discusses cyberfeminism in the context of postmodernity and the changing notions of embodiment. It analyzes representations of posthuman bodies exemplified by celebrities like Dolly Parton, Elizabeth Taylor, and Jane Fonda. It also discusses how postmodernity has intensified issues like commodification, the power of visual media, and racism. The document argues feminist cultural activists and artists employ parody and irony as a form of political resistance to problematic representations of gender and identity.
Article of William Gibson Boundaries in Cyberpunk Fictionalfonso591
This thesis examines boundaries and how characters move beyond them in three cyberpunk works: William Gibson's Neuromancer trilogy, Bruce Sterling's Schismatrix, and Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash. It provides context on cyberpunk literature and postmodern influences. Cyberpunk views technology as potentially beneficial but also a tool to restrict freedom. Most characters seek stability within boundaries created by corporations exploiting technology, drugs, or religion. A few characters transcend these boundaries by embracing change. The works present different views on humanity's relationship with technology, from moving to a posthuman future to evolving as transhumans. Postmodernism and cyberpunk both advocate for constant change over stability.
The document discusses the impact of Facebook on citizen engagement. It examines Facebook pages as a way to connect citizens for policy input (many-to-many) versus using Facebook to transmit information from government to citizens in a one-way manner (one-to-many). A 2011 study found that some governments used Facebook more as a way to maintain power and inform citizens of their views rather than for the intended purpose of facilitating open communication and feedback between citizens and government. The results suggest social media could better facilitate citizen engagement in the future if used to increase interaction rather than just one-way information sharing from government.
...A SIMPLE CHART WE USE TO BRAINSTORM THE USE OF HUMAN/COMPUTER INTERFACES WITH THE PERFORMING BODY. THIS INVOLVES THE CONFLUENCE OF THE 'NOOSPHERE' WITH THE HUMAN BODY IN ART AND TECHNOLOGY....A DOSE OF HISTORY AND NARRATOLOGY.
This document is a dissertation written by Robinson Warner for the London School of Economics examining Hurricane Katrina through the lens of modernity. It analyzes the social and economic factors in New Orleans before the storm, including racial disparities in poverty, income, and the location of neighborhoods. It argues these disparities were the result of neoliberal economic policies over the past 40 years that moved manufacturing jobs overseas and decreased middle-class jobs in New Orleans. This created two separate social realities in the city along lines of race and class. The dissertation will examine the events of and after Katrina through the frameworks of capital accumulation and colonialism as manifestations of modernity.
Jonathan Beller, Digital Ideology PresentationJonathanBeller
The document provides a summary and critique of digital ideology and media from several perspectives. McLuhan argued that new media technologies alter human senses and agency in ways that are not easily recognized. Enzensberger criticized the bourgeois media as being ideologically sterile and aimed only at control. Baudrillard saw media as preventing response and communication through "the terrorism of the code." The document then discusses how media functions as capital through advertising and data extraction, transforming the nature of value and exploitation in capitalist society.
The document discusses digital ethnography and trends in digital ethnographic research. It begins with an outline covering entering the field, topics and trends in digital ethnography, misconceptions about digital ethnography, and methods and ethics of digital ethnography. Examples of digital ethnography research are provided covering various topics like virtual worlds, social media, political economy, ubiquitous digital technologies, and posthuman perspectives. Challenges of digital fieldwork are addressed, such as the fragmented and multi-sited nature of digital fieldsites, as well as embodied and sensory aspects of digital fieldwork.
This document summarizes Rosi Braidotti's article "Cyberfeminism with a difference". It discusses cyberfeminism in the context of postmodernity and the changing notions of embodiment. It analyzes representations of posthuman bodies exemplified by celebrities like Dolly Parton, Elizabeth Taylor, and Jane Fonda. It also discusses how postmodernity has intensified issues like commodification, the power of visual media, and racism. The document argues feminist cultural activists and artists employ parody and irony as a form of political resistance to problematic representations of gender and identity.
Article of William Gibson Boundaries in Cyberpunk Fictionalfonso591
This thesis examines boundaries and how characters move beyond them in three cyberpunk works: William Gibson's Neuromancer trilogy, Bruce Sterling's Schismatrix, and Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash. It provides context on cyberpunk literature and postmodern influences. Cyberpunk views technology as potentially beneficial but also a tool to restrict freedom. Most characters seek stability within boundaries created by corporations exploiting technology, drugs, or religion. A few characters transcend these boundaries by embracing change. The works present different views on humanity's relationship with technology, from moving to a posthuman future to evolving as transhumans. Postmodernism and cyberpunk both advocate for constant change over stability.
The document discusses the impact of Facebook on citizen engagement. It examines Facebook pages as a way to connect citizens for policy input (many-to-many) versus using Facebook to transmit information from government to citizens in a one-way manner (one-to-many). A 2011 study found that some governments used Facebook more as a way to maintain power and inform citizens of their views rather than for the intended purpose of facilitating open communication and feedback between citizens and government. The results suggest social media could better facilitate citizen engagement in the future if used to increase interaction rather than just one-way information sharing from government.
...A SIMPLE CHART WE USE TO BRAINSTORM THE USE OF HUMAN/COMPUTER INTERFACES WITH THE PERFORMING BODY. THIS INVOLVES THE CONFLUENCE OF THE 'NOOSPHERE' WITH THE HUMAN BODY IN ART AND TECHNOLOGY....A DOSE OF HISTORY AND NARRATOLOGY.
This document is a dissertation written by Robinson Warner for the London School of Economics examining Hurricane Katrina through the lens of modernity. It analyzes the social and economic factors in New Orleans before the storm, including racial disparities in poverty, income, and the location of neighborhoods. It argues these disparities were the result of neoliberal economic policies over the past 40 years that moved manufacturing jobs overseas and decreased middle-class jobs in New Orleans. This created two separate social realities in the city along lines of race and class. The dissertation will examine the events of and after Katrina through the frameworks of capital accumulation and colonialism as manifestations of modernity.
127 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | HandMadeWriting.com Blog. 101 Compare and Contrast Essay Ideas for Students. How to Write a Compare & Contrast Essay | Structure | Example | Topics. Strong Compare and Contrast Essay Examples. How to write a Compare and Contrast Essay? - The English Digest. How to Start a Compare and Contrast Essay?. 101 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | Examples for Students. Essential Points of Compare and Contrast Essay. ⭐ Good compare contrast topics. 200+ Best Compare And Contrast Essay .... Writing a Compare/Contrast Essay:. Surprising Comparison Contrast Essay Examples ~ Thatsnotus.
Violence Essay | Essay on Violence for Students and Children in English .... Domestic Violence Essay | Essay on Domestic Violence for Students and .... An Analysis of Violence in Public Schooling - Free Essay Example .... Domestic Violence Essay. Essay on violence in schools - Get Help From Custom College Essay .... Do Video Games Promote Violence - Free Essay Example. Gun Violence in America - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Calaméo - Domestic Violence Essay: Free Tips on How to Create a Paper. What are the Possible Causes and Signs of Domestic Violence - Free .... Domestic violence essay. Domestic Violence Essay | Legal Studies - Year 12 HSC | Thinkswap. Domestic Violence and Psychological Abuse Essay Example | Topics and .... How To Write A Essay On Domestic Violence. 003 Essay Example Domestic Violence Family Law On Hsc Legal St Research .... Youth Violence Essay | Essay on Youth Violence for Students and .... The Question Of Gun Violence - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Reasons Of Violence In Schools - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Domestic Violence Essay | Legal Studies - Year 11 HSC | Thinkswap. Essay | Violence | Crimes. Domestic Violence Essay ~ Addictionary. 005 Violence In Video Games Essay About Violent Do Not Cause And Does .... Gun Violence in America: Who is to Blame? - Free Essay Example .... Youth Violence Essay Example for Free - 733 Words | EssayPay. Problem Of Violence in Schools - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Gun Violence in History Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Essay websites: Gun violence essay. Domestic Violence Argumentative Essay - PHDessay.com. 004 Essay Example On Crime And Violence ~ Thatsnotus. Violence in Media - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Understanding Gun Violence - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Write an essay about - Violence against women - Brainly.in. What Can I Do About Violence Essay - Do the Right Thing Violence Paper Violence Essay Ideas
The Use Of Labelling Of Different Products And Services...Roxy Roberts
The document discusses the evolution of branding from the "Institutional Era" to the current "Human Era". In the Institutional Era, products were branded based on their origin institution. Now, brands are cultural icons and social phenomena that aim to communicate information about themselves like human beings. The paper will analyze this shift from an institutional to human-centric approach to branding. It will also discuss marketing and operational tactics used by managers to shape a brand's future.
The document discusses digital ethnography. It covers several topics:
1. Digital ethnography takes a non-digital centric approach and considers both the digital and non-digital aspects of people's lives.
2. Principles of digital ethnography include multiplicity, non-digital centricness, openness, reflexivity, and attention to unconventional forms of communication.
3. Examples of digital ethnography research cover a range of topics from virtual worlds and social media to political economy, ubiquitous digital technologies, and posthuman perspectives. A variety of methods are used including participant observation, interviews, and analysis of digital traces.
M a n u e l Castells Toward a Sociology of the Network Soc.docxsmile790243
M a n u e l Castells
Toward a Sociology of the Network Society
Manuel Castells
The Call to Sociology
The twenty-first century of the Common Era did not
necessarily have to usher in a new society. But it did.
People around the world feel the winds of multi-
dimensional social change without truly understanding
it, let alone feeling a grasp upon the process of change.
Thus the challenge to sociology, as the science of study
of society. More than ever society needs sociology, but
not just any kind of sociology. The sociology that people
need is not a normative meta-discipline instructing
them, from the authoritative towers of academia, about
what is to be done. It is even less a pseudo-sociology made
up of empty word games and intellectual narcissism,
expressed in terms deliberately incomprehensible for
anyone without access to a French-Greek dictionary.
Because we need to know, and because people need
to know, more than ever we need a sociology rooted
in its scientific endeavor. Of course, it must have the
specificity of its object of study, and thus of its theories
and methods, without mimicking the natural sciences
in a futile search for respectability. And it must have a
clear purpose of producing objective knowledge (yes!
there is such a thing, always in relative terms), brought
about by empirical observation, rigorous theorizing,
and unequivocal communication. Then we can argue
- and we will! - about the best way to proceed with
observation, theory building, and formal expression of
findings, depending on subject matter and methodo-
logical traditions. But without a consensus on sociology
as science - indeed, as a specific social science - we
sociologists will fail in our professional and intellectual
duty at a time when we are needed most. We are needed
because, individually and collectively, most people in
the world are lost about the meaning of the whirlwind
Source: Contemporary Sociology, 29, 5, September 2000:
693-9.
we are going through. So they need to know which
kind of society we are in, which kind of social processes
are emerging, what is structural, and what can be changed
through purposive social action. And we are needed
because without understanding, people, rightly, will
block change, and we may lose the extraordinary
potential of creativity embedded into the values and
technologies of the Information Age. We are needed
because as would-be scientists of society we are posi-
tioned better than anyone else to produce knowledge
about the new society, and to be credible - or at least
more credible than the futurologists and ideologues
that litter the interpretation of current historical
changes, let alone politicians always jumping on the
latest trendy word.
So, we are needed, but to do what? Well, to study the
processes of constitution, organization, and change of
a new society, probably starting with its social structure
- what I provisionally call the network societ ...
Introduction to PhilosophyFall 2017Essay Exam 2Due Date Tues.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction to Philosophy
Fall 2017
Essay Exam 2
Due Date Tuesday November 7
1000 words
Essays in Unit 2
Gilbert Ryle, “Descartes’s Myth”
John Searle, “Can Computers Think?”
David Chalmers, “The Hard Problem of Consciousness”
Here are some general directions before you read the questions. You only answer 1 prompt, but in each question you are asked to agree or disagree with the position in the reading that starts the question. In doing so you are giving reasons to agree or disagree and that must be more than simply repeating what is in the exposition.
The completed essay must be 1000 words; your discussion should be roughly 800 for the expository part and 200 words for critical assessment part. I emphasize that this separate word count is rough, so the critical assessment could be longer. But keep in mind that there must be content in any critical assessment. If it is just filler beyond 200 words, then that will not improve your essay.
Choose 1 of the following
1. Discuss Ryle’s criticism of Descartes’s mind-body dualism and how Ryle supports his criticism. Discuss your critical assessment of Ryle (i.e., reasons for agreeing or disagreeing).
2. Discuss Searle’s position on strong AI and how he defends it. Discuss your critical assessment of Searle (i.e., reasons for agreeing or disagreeing).
3. Discuss Chalmers position on consciousness and how he defends it. Discuss your critical assessment of Chalmers (i.e., reasons for agreeing or disagreeing).
Chapter 28 TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIALITY IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: CURRENT CHALLENGES FOR THE HUMAN SERVICE GENERALIST
EUGENE M. DeROBERTIS AND ROBERT SALDARINI
Human services can be characterized as a broad social movement designed to counterbalance the emphasis on rugged individualism in American culture (Cimmino, 1999, p. 13). Thus, part and parcel of the human service orientation toward helping others is the notion that human service generalists place “a portion of responsibility on society for creating conditions that reduce opportunities for people to be successful by perpetuating social problems” (p. 14). Among the myriad challenges that human service generalists address in their work are problems involving the development of the self within the social context (p. 10). As is well known, Maslow’s (1968) hierarchy of needs speaks to the importance of interpersonal relations in self-development with his articulation of needs for love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. Hansell’s motivation theory also addresses the need for a co-constitution of the self by noting that humans need intimacy, closeness, belonging, self-identity, and social roles (Schmolling and Burger, 1989). Accordingly, it is in the interest of competent service delivery for human service workers to be aware of burgeoning trends in the interpersonal dimension of our lives that pose new challenges to a healthy social climate and optimal self-development. Such trends can be found in the ever-increasing rel.
The post modernity as ideology of neoliberalism and globalizationFernando Alcoforado
1. Postmodernity emerged as a cultural reaction to the failure of Modernity to realize human progress and happiness. It questions notions of truth, reason, and progress that characterized Modernity.
2. Jean-François Lyotard argued that Postmodernity results from the death of grand narratives of Modernity based on ideals of equality, liberty, and progress. Postmodernity is characterized by uncertainty and fragmentation.
3. Postmodernity can be seen as an ideological weapon of neoliberal capitalism to incorporate social imaginaries that benefit ruling classes and mitigate class conflict, silencing issues to prevent worker awareness of their true historical conditions.
1. Marshall McLuhan was a Canadian philosopher who theorized that technology is an extension of human abilities and that it shapes human identity and cognition. He argued we see ourselves reflected in the tools and media we use.
2. McLuhan's ideas influenced theorists like Seymour Papert who argued computers can help children understand how their minds work by learning to program computers. However, some question if we can truly recognize ourselves in technology.
3. McLuhan saw electronic media like TV and the internet as "tribal drums" that create a new sense of collective identity over individualism, which poses a challenge to modern liberal values.
This document provides an overview of communication theory and symbolic interactionism. It discusses what constitutes a good theory and examines different images of theory. A good theory goes beyond accepted wisdom to offer explanations. Additionally, a theory should consist of interconnected concepts that shape perception and behavior. Symbolic interactionism holds that people act based on the meanings and interpretations they assign to people, things, and events through social interactions and language. George Herbert Mead was influential in developing this perspective, which was further advanced by his student Herbert Blumer through the term "symbolic interactionism."
This document provides an overview and analysis of the representation of Black bodies and agency within the genre of Afrofuturism and superhero comics. It begins by contextualizing the superhero figure as a cultural artifact that has shaped understandings of humanity and possibility. It then examines the genealogy of superhero comics, tracing their origins in modern anxieties over concepts like truth and justice. The document analyzes how mainstream comics typically reinforce societal norms, while independent comics challenge established power structures. The analysis then shifts to exploring Afrofuturist works that reimagine Black bodies and identities through speculative lenses, critiquing notions of posthumanism. The goal is to trace the politics of Black bodies in Afrofut
This document provides an overview of recent cyber theory. It discusses key concepts like the simulacrum, cyberspace, virtual communities, and the work of theorists like Baudrillard, Virilio, and Haraway. The document examines whether cyber theory is rewriting postmodern principles or representing a new phase of cultural existence, covering topics like the real vs. simulated, information elites, and the blurring of human/machine boundaries represented by the cyborg.
Activist Media And Biopolitics Critical Media Interventions In The Age Of Bi...Kelly Lipiec
This document provides an introduction to the book "Activist Media and Biopolitics" which contains contributions examining critical media interventions in the age of biopower. The introduction discusses the emergence of tactical media activism in the early internet age and how developments in biotechnology have led to new forms of biopolitical activism that intervene in the construction of subjects and biological life itself. It notes how biopower turns life into a resource to be enhanced and controlled, and how activist interventions now occur in highly securitized contexts around emerging issues like genetically modified foods, biometrics and surveillance. The book is organized into four sections exploring topics beyond tactical media, borders and boundaries, politics, and biotechnology.
This document provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the 1987 science fiction novel "Antibodies" by David J. Skal. The novel explores themes of technology, disembodiment, and the relationship between humans and machines. It tells the story of a woman who joins a cult that believes the body is dispensable and seeks to fully integrate with technology. The document discusses how the novel examines issues of identity, humanity's relationship with emerging technologies, and different visions of a potential posthuman future. It also analyzes the novel's portrayal of these themes and how they relate to broader discussions in philosophy and science fiction around the topics of the body, technology, and what it means to be human.
Mitchell StephensThinking Through Moving Mediasocial r.docxraju957290
This document discusses the ongoing communications revolution and debates what the key invention driving it is. It argues that while technologies like computers, the internet, smartphones etc. are often cited, the true revolutionary invention may be older - the moving image and moving word. It notes that new communication technologies often inspire complaints from older generations attached to older technologies. However, it finds that the current revolution has not generated as much grumbling from older people, perhaps because current digital technologies are still imitating older forms like print rather than developing wholly new content and uses.
Cultural studies, interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of social institutions in the shaping of culture. Cultural studies emerged in Britain in the late 1950s and subsequently spread internationally, notably to the United States and Australia.
Observe Cyberculture as a revolutionary social experiment with the potential to create new identities, relationships, and cultures. Cyberfeminisms seek ways to link feminism with contemporary feminist projects and networks both on and off the Net.
Contemporary critical theory has had to negotiate with massive environmental disaster, industrial disaster, 9/11 and other cataclysmic events. Much contemporary social theory examines the role such events play in culture. One of the most influential of such theories is that of the risk society.
Beyond IdentityAuthor(s) Rogers Brubaker and Freder.docxaryan532920
This document summarizes an article that argues the term "identity" has become too ambiguous and problematic to use effectively as a category of social analysis. While identity is an important concept in everyday language and politics, using it analytically risks reifying fluid and constructed phenomena as fixed entities. The article traces how identity diffused widely as a concept in the 1960s but is now "overused" and unclear in meaning. While constructivism aims to make identity flexible, it also makes the concept vacuous and unable to explain hardening or coercive dynamics. The article argues social analysis requires more precise concepts and proposes alternatives to identity for understanding affiliation, belonging, self-understanding and politics.
The document discusses the concept of moral panics. It defines a moral panic as occurring when the media mobilizes public opinion around the condemnation of deviance, or behavior that violates social norms. It notes that moral panics involve the media fueling public fear and denunciation of a perceived social problem in a way that is disproportionate to the actual threat. The document will examine the processes of news reporting and how it can encourage moral panics, using Stanley Cohen's case study of a 1964 event in England as an example. It also discusses how the media shapes perceptions of deviance and how moral crusaders can influence moral boundaries to target certain groups.
This document describes a research project called CyberAnthropology that aims to analyze how the internet impacts human beings and societies from an interdisciplinary perspective. The project brings together anthropological, philosophical, sociological, political and legal questions to understand how humans understand themselves and structure their lives in virtual environments. Previous research has either taken an abstract media philosophy approach or focused on empirical user behavior studies, without developing a broader theoretical framework. The project seeks to fill this gap by developing a systematic theory of CyberAnthropology to examine changes in people's lifeworlds and new forms of participation online from multiple disciplinary lenses.
This document provides an introduction to an edited collection of papers on the topic of new media and online communities. The introduction summarizes some of the key themes discussed in the papers, including identity and its interaction with digital technologies and online platforms, debates around the "newness" of new media, and the relationship between new media and concepts like national identity, diaspora, and political power. The introduction also outlines the 10 parts that structure the 26 papers in the collection, which cover topics such as cyberculture concepts, fan cultures online, online learning, changing identities, controversial cyberlife issues, and theories of digital memory.
This document provides a summary of Lindsey Leitera's Senior Major Project analyzing rhetorical motives in information liberation texts from Richard Stallman to Edward Snowden. It traces the evolution of debates around political ideology, enlightenment ideals, identity, and transparency from 1983 to 2013. Key events discussed include Stallman's "GNU Manifesto", debates between hackers and entrepreneurs like Bill Gates, the emergence of hacktivism with Anonymous and WikiLeaks, and national security whistleblowing by Edward Snowden. The project uses rhetorical analysis of manifestos, essays, and other texts to understand how a "Hacker Ethic" of free information sharing has manifested over time and influenced digital activism and issues of cyber security, technology policy
Attaining Expertise
You are training individuals you supervise on how to attain expertise in your field.
Write
a 1,050- to 1,200-word paper on the processes involved with attaining expertise, using your assigned readings in Anderson. Explain how these processes apply to attaining expertise in your current field or in the field you plan to enter. Focus on the cognitive processes that are involved in mastering knowledge and skills.
Include
a title page and references list consistent with APA guidelines.
Click
the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
.
attachment Chloe” is a example of the whole packet. Please follow t.docxcelenarouzie
This document provides instructions for writing a PR packet that includes a pitch letter, news release, feature release, fact sheet, executive biography, and media alert following the example and format provided in the attachment. The writer has already completed the news release part of the packet and included it in the attached example for reference in completing the rest of the packet.
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127 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | HandMadeWriting.com Blog. 101 Compare and Contrast Essay Ideas for Students. How to Write a Compare & Contrast Essay | Structure | Example | Topics. Strong Compare and Contrast Essay Examples. How to write a Compare and Contrast Essay? - The English Digest. How to Start a Compare and Contrast Essay?. 101 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | Examples for Students. Essential Points of Compare and Contrast Essay. ⭐ Good compare contrast topics. 200+ Best Compare And Contrast Essay .... Writing a Compare/Contrast Essay:. Surprising Comparison Contrast Essay Examples ~ Thatsnotus.
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The Use Of Labelling Of Different Products And Services...Roxy Roberts
The document discusses the evolution of branding from the "Institutional Era" to the current "Human Era". In the Institutional Era, products were branded based on their origin institution. Now, brands are cultural icons and social phenomena that aim to communicate information about themselves like human beings. The paper will analyze this shift from an institutional to human-centric approach to branding. It will also discuss marketing and operational tactics used by managers to shape a brand's future.
The document discusses digital ethnography. It covers several topics:
1. Digital ethnography takes a non-digital centric approach and considers both the digital and non-digital aspects of people's lives.
2. Principles of digital ethnography include multiplicity, non-digital centricness, openness, reflexivity, and attention to unconventional forms of communication.
3. Examples of digital ethnography research cover a range of topics from virtual worlds and social media to political economy, ubiquitous digital technologies, and posthuman perspectives. A variety of methods are used including participant observation, interviews, and analysis of digital traces.
M a n u e l Castells Toward a Sociology of the Network Soc.docxsmile790243
M a n u e l Castells
Toward a Sociology of the Network Society
Manuel Castells
The Call to Sociology
The twenty-first century of the Common Era did not
necessarily have to usher in a new society. But it did.
People around the world feel the winds of multi-
dimensional social change without truly understanding
it, let alone feeling a grasp upon the process of change.
Thus the challenge to sociology, as the science of study
of society. More than ever society needs sociology, but
not just any kind of sociology. The sociology that people
need is not a normative meta-discipline instructing
them, from the authoritative towers of academia, about
what is to be done. It is even less a pseudo-sociology made
up of empty word games and intellectual narcissism,
expressed in terms deliberately incomprehensible for
anyone without access to a French-Greek dictionary.
Because we need to know, and because people need
to know, more than ever we need a sociology rooted
in its scientific endeavor. Of course, it must have the
specificity of its object of study, and thus of its theories
and methods, without mimicking the natural sciences
in a futile search for respectability. And it must have a
clear purpose of producing objective knowledge (yes!
there is such a thing, always in relative terms), brought
about by empirical observation, rigorous theorizing,
and unequivocal communication. Then we can argue
- and we will! - about the best way to proceed with
observation, theory building, and formal expression of
findings, depending on subject matter and methodo-
logical traditions. But without a consensus on sociology
as science - indeed, as a specific social science - we
sociologists will fail in our professional and intellectual
duty at a time when we are needed most. We are needed
because, individually and collectively, most people in
the world are lost about the meaning of the whirlwind
Source: Contemporary Sociology, 29, 5, September 2000:
693-9.
we are going through. So they need to know which
kind of society we are in, which kind of social processes
are emerging, what is structural, and what can be changed
through purposive social action. And we are needed
because without understanding, people, rightly, will
block change, and we may lose the extraordinary
potential of creativity embedded into the values and
technologies of the Information Age. We are needed
because as would-be scientists of society we are posi-
tioned better than anyone else to produce knowledge
about the new society, and to be credible - or at least
more credible than the futurologists and ideologues
that litter the interpretation of current historical
changes, let alone politicians always jumping on the
latest trendy word.
So, we are needed, but to do what? Well, to study the
processes of constitution, organization, and change of
a new society, probably starting with its social structure
- what I provisionally call the network societ ...
Introduction to PhilosophyFall 2017Essay Exam 2Due Date Tues.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction to Philosophy
Fall 2017
Essay Exam 2
Due Date Tuesday November 7
1000 words
Essays in Unit 2
Gilbert Ryle, “Descartes’s Myth”
John Searle, “Can Computers Think?”
David Chalmers, “The Hard Problem of Consciousness”
Here are some general directions before you read the questions. You only answer 1 prompt, but in each question you are asked to agree or disagree with the position in the reading that starts the question. In doing so you are giving reasons to agree or disagree and that must be more than simply repeating what is in the exposition.
The completed essay must be 1000 words; your discussion should be roughly 800 for the expository part and 200 words for critical assessment part. I emphasize that this separate word count is rough, so the critical assessment could be longer. But keep in mind that there must be content in any critical assessment. If it is just filler beyond 200 words, then that will not improve your essay.
Choose 1 of the following
1. Discuss Ryle’s criticism of Descartes’s mind-body dualism and how Ryle supports his criticism. Discuss your critical assessment of Ryle (i.e., reasons for agreeing or disagreeing).
2. Discuss Searle’s position on strong AI and how he defends it. Discuss your critical assessment of Searle (i.e., reasons for agreeing or disagreeing).
3. Discuss Chalmers position on consciousness and how he defends it. Discuss your critical assessment of Chalmers (i.e., reasons for agreeing or disagreeing).
Chapter 28 TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIALITY IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: CURRENT CHALLENGES FOR THE HUMAN SERVICE GENERALIST
EUGENE M. DeROBERTIS AND ROBERT SALDARINI
Human services can be characterized as a broad social movement designed to counterbalance the emphasis on rugged individualism in American culture (Cimmino, 1999, p. 13). Thus, part and parcel of the human service orientation toward helping others is the notion that human service generalists place “a portion of responsibility on society for creating conditions that reduce opportunities for people to be successful by perpetuating social problems” (p. 14). Among the myriad challenges that human service generalists address in their work are problems involving the development of the self within the social context (p. 10). As is well known, Maslow’s (1968) hierarchy of needs speaks to the importance of interpersonal relations in self-development with his articulation of needs for love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. Hansell’s motivation theory also addresses the need for a co-constitution of the self by noting that humans need intimacy, closeness, belonging, self-identity, and social roles (Schmolling and Burger, 1989). Accordingly, it is in the interest of competent service delivery for human service workers to be aware of burgeoning trends in the interpersonal dimension of our lives that pose new challenges to a healthy social climate and optimal self-development. Such trends can be found in the ever-increasing rel.
The post modernity as ideology of neoliberalism and globalizationFernando Alcoforado
1. Postmodernity emerged as a cultural reaction to the failure of Modernity to realize human progress and happiness. It questions notions of truth, reason, and progress that characterized Modernity.
2. Jean-François Lyotard argued that Postmodernity results from the death of grand narratives of Modernity based on ideals of equality, liberty, and progress. Postmodernity is characterized by uncertainty and fragmentation.
3. Postmodernity can be seen as an ideological weapon of neoliberal capitalism to incorporate social imaginaries that benefit ruling classes and mitigate class conflict, silencing issues to prevent worker awareness of their true historical conditions.
1. Marshall McLuhan was a Canadian philosopher who theorized that technology is an extension of human abilities and that it shapes human identity and cognition. He argued we see ourselves reflected in the tools and media we use.
2. McLuhan's ideas influenced theorists like Seymour Papert who argued computers can help children understand how their minds work by learning to program computers. However, some question if we can truly recognize ourselves in technology.
3. McLuhan saw electronic media like TV and the internet as "tribal drums" that create a new sense of collective identity over individualism, which poses a challenge to modern liberal values.
This document provides an overview of communication theory and symbolic interactionism. It discusses what constitutes a good theory and examines different images of theory. A good theory goes beyond accepted wisdom to offer explanations. Additionally, a theory should consist of interconnected concepts that shape perception and behavior. Symbolic interactionism holds that people act based on the meanings and interpretations they assign to people, things, and events through social interactions and language. George Herbert Mead was influential in developing this perspective, which was further advanced by his student Herbert Blumer through the term "symbolic interactionism."
This document provides an overview and analysis of the representation of Black bodies and agency within the genre of Afrofuturism and superhero comics. It begins by contextualizing the superhero figure as a cultural artifact that has shaped understandings of humanity and possibility. It then examines the genealogy of superhero comics, tracing their origins in modern anxieties over concepts like truth and justice. The document analyzes how mainstream comics typically reinforce societal norms, while independent comics challenge established power structures. The analysis then shifts to exploring Afrofuturist works that reimagine Black bodies and identities through speculative lenses, critiquing notions of posthumanism. The goal is to trace the politics of Black bodies in Afrofut
This document provides an overview of recent cyber theory. It discusses key concepts like the simulacrum, cyberspace, virtual communities, and the work of theorists like Baudrillard, Virilio, and Haraway. The document examines whether cyber theory is rewriting postmodern principles or representing a new phase of cultural existence, covering topics like the real vs. simulated, information elites, and the blurring of human/machine boundaries represented by the cyborg.
Activist Media And Biopolitics Critical Media Interventions In The Age Of Bi...Kelly Lipiec
This document provides an introduction to the book "Activist Media and Biopolitics" which contains contributions examining critical media interventions in the age of biopower. The introduction discusses the emergence of tactical media activism in the early internet age and how developments in biotechnology have led to new forms of biopolitical activism that intervene in the construction of subjects and biological life itself. It notes how biopower turns life into a resource to be enhanced and controlled, and how activist interventions now occur in highly securitized contexts around emerging issues like genetically modified foods, biometrics and surveillance. The book is organized into four sections exploring topics beyond tactical media, borders and boundaries, politics, and biotechnology.
This document provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the 1987 science fiction novel "Antibodies" by David J. Skal. The novel explores themes of technology, disembodiment, and the relationship between humans and machines. It tells the story of a woman who joins a cult that believes the body is dispensable and seeks to fully integrate with technology. The document discusses how the novel examines issues of identity, humanity's relationship with emerging technologies, and different visions of a potential posthuman future. It also analyzes the novel's portrayal of these themes and how they relate to broader discussions in philosophy and science fiction around the topics of the body, technology, and what it means to be human.
Mitchell StephensThinking Through Moving Mediasocial r.docxraju957290
This document discusses the ongoing communications revolution and debates what the key invention driving it is. It argues that while technologies like computers, the internet, smartphones etc. are often cited, the true revolutionary invention may be older - the moving image and moving word. It notes that new communication technologies often inspire complaints from older generations attached to older technologies. However, it finds that the current revolution has not generated as much grumbling from older people, perhaps because current digital technologies are still imitating older forms like print rather than developing wholly new content and uses.
Cultural studies, interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of social institutions in the shaping of culture. Cultural studies emerged in Britain in the late 1950s and subsequently spread internationally, notably to the United States and Australia.
Observe Cyberculture as a revolutionary social experiment with the potential to create new identities, relationships, and cultures. Cyberfeminisms seek ways to link feminism with contemporary feminist projects and networks both on and off the Net.
Contemporary critical theory has had to negotiate with massive environmental disaster, industrial disaster, 9/11 and other cataclysmic events. Much contemporary social theory examines the role such events play in culture. One of the most influential of such theories is that of the risk society.
Beyond IdentityAuthor(s) Rogers Brubaker and Freder.docxaryan532920
This document summarizes an article that argues the term "identity" has become too ambiguous and problematic to use effectively as a category of social analysis. While identity is an important concept in everyday language and politics, using it analytically risks reifying fluid and constructed phenomena as fixed entities. The article traces how identity diffused widely as a concept in the 1960s but is now "overused" and unclear in meaning. While constructivism aims to make identity flexible, it also makes the concept vacuous and unable to explain hardening or coercive dynamics. The article argues social analysis requires more precise concepts and proposes alternatives to identity for understanding affiliation, belonging, self-understanding and politics.
The document discusses the concept of moral panics. It defines a moral panic as occurring when the media mobilizes public opinion around the condemnation of deviance, or behavior that violates social norms. It notes that moral panics involve the media fueling public fear and denunciation of a perceived social problem in a way that is disproportionate to the actual threat. The document will examine the processes of news reporting and how it can encourage moral panics, using Stanley Cohen's case study of a 1964 event in England as an example. It also discusses how the media shapes perceptions of deviance and how moral crusaders can influence moral boundaries to target certain groups.
This document describes a research project called CyberAnthropology that aims to analyze how the internet impacts human beings and societies from an interdisciplinary perspective. The project brings together anthropological, philosophical, sociological, political and legal questions to understand how humans understand themselves and structure their lives in virtual environments. Previous research has either taken an abstract media philosophy approach or focused on empirical user behavior studies, without developing a broader theoretical framework. The project seeks to fill this gap by developing a systematic theory of CyberAnthropology to examine changes in people's lifeworlds and new forms of participation online from multiple disciplinary lenses.
This document provides an introduction to an edited collection of papers on the topic of new media and online communities. The introduction summarizes some of the key themes discussed in the papers, including identity and its interaction with digital technologies and online platforms, debates around the "newness" of new media, and the relationship between new media and concepts like national identity, diaspora, and political power. The introduction also outlines the 10 parts that structure the 26 papers in the collection, which cover topics such as cyberculture concepts, fan cultures online, online learning, changing identities, controversial cyberlife issues, and theories of digital memory.
This document provides a summary of Lindsey Leitera's Senior Major Project analyzing rhetorical motives in information liberation texts from Richard Stallman to Edward Snowden. It traces the evolution of debates around political ideology, enlightenment ideals, identity, and transparency from 1983 to 2013. Key events discussed include Stallman's "GNU Manifesto", debates between hackers and entrepreneurs like Bill Gates, the emergence of hacktivism with Anonymous and WikiLeaks, and national security whistleblowing by Edward Snowden. The project uses rhetorical analysis of manifestos, essays, and other texts to understand how a "Hacker Ethic" of free information sharing has manifested over time and influenced digital activism and issues of cyber security, technology policy
Similar to We will make our own future Text.— Ishmael Reed, Mumbo Jumbo.docx (20)
Attaining Expertise
You are training individuals you supervise on how to attain expertise in your field.
Write
a 1,050- to 1,200-word paper on the processes involved with attaining expertise, using your assigned readings in Anderson. Explain how these processes apply to attaining expertise in your current field or in the field you plan to enter. Focus on the cognitive processes that are involved in mastering knowledge and skills.
Include
a title page and references list consistent with APA guidelines.
Click
the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
.
attachment Chloe” is a example of the whole packet. Please follow t.docxcelenarouzie
This document provides instructions for writing a PR packet that includes a pitch letter, news release, feature release, fact sheet, executive biography, and media alert following the example and format provided in the attachment. The writer has already completed the news release part of the packet and included it in the attached example for reference in completing the rest of the packet.
AttachmentFor this discussionUse Ericksons theoretic.docxcelenarouzie
Attachment
For this discussion:
Use Erickson's theoretical framework to explore adolescent attachment and its developmental impact.
Choose two issues related to adolescent attachment (for example, attachment relationships with parents and peers, or the nature of attachment system in adolescence) and describe possible implications for adult life.
Support your response with APA-formatted citations from scholarly sources, including both those provided in this unit and any additional evidence you may have researched.
.
Attachment and Emotional Development in InfancyThe purpose o.docxcelenarouzie
Attachment and Emotional Development in Infancy
The purpose of this discussion is to consider the stages of attachment from birth to one year, and emotional development and psychosocial crisis in infancy.
Briefly discuss attachment patterns and what you see as the most significant impact on the development of attachment.
Describe strategies that caretakers can implement to promote the child's ability to regulate emotions as he or she develops.
Remember to appropriately cite any resources, including the textbook, that you use to support your thinking in your initial post.
.
ATTACHEMENT from 7.1 and 7.2 Go back to the Powerpoint for thi.docxcelenarouzie
ATTACHEMENT from 7.1 and 7.2
Go back to the Powerpoint for this week and reread slides 12 and 13
Select at least 5 bullet points that you think are important because they affect the way justice is carried out in the State and or at the local level.
Write your entry explaining why you chose those 5 elements. Why are they important. What would you change?
.
Attached the dataset Kaggle has hosted a data science competitio.docxcelenarouzie
Attached the dataset
Kaggle has hosted a data science competition to predict category of crime in San Francisco based on 12 years (From 1934 to 1963) of crime reports from across all of San Francisco’s neighborhoods (time, location and other features are given).
I would like you to explore the dataset attached visually using Tableau and uncover hidden trends:
Are there specific clusters with higher crime rates?
Are there yearly/ Monthly/ Daily/ Hourly trends?
Is Crime distribution even across all geographical areas or different?
.
Attached you will find all of the questions.These are just like th.docxcelenarouzie
Attached you will find all of the questions.
These are just like the others I put up before. they need to be awnsered individually. Please use APA format with in text citations and references. My book is at least required as one of the references:
Harr, J. S., Hess, M. H., & Orthmann, C. H. (2012).
Constitutional law and the criminal justice system
(5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
This assignment needs to be done by Friday by 11:00 P.M Eastern Time.
.
Attached the dataset Kaggle has hosted a data science compet.docxcelenarouzie
Attached the dataset
Kaggle has hosted a data science competition to predict category of crime in San Francisco based on 12 years (From 1934 to 1963) of crime reports from across all of San Francisco’s neighborhoods (time, location and other features are given).
I would like you to explore the dataset attached visually using Tableau and uncover hidden trends:
Are there specific clusters with higher crime rates?
Are there yearly/ Monthly/ Daily/ Hourly trends?
Is Crime distribution even across all geographical areas or different?
.
B. Answer Learning Exercises Matching words parts 1, 2, 3,.docxcelenarouzie
B. Answer Learning Exercises
* Matching words parts 1, 2, 3, and 4
* Definitions
*Matching Terms and Definitions 1, 2
C. Answer the following questions base in chapter 1:
1. Define Word root, mention 5 examples.
2. Define Suffixes, mention 5 examples.
3. Define Prefixes, mention 5 examples.
4. Some prefixes are confusing because they are similar in spelling, but opposite in meaning, those are call Contrasting Prefixes; mention 5 examples and their meaning.
.
B)What is Joe waiting for in order to forgive Missy May in The Gild.docxcelenarouzie
B)What is Joe waiting for in order to forgive Missy May in “The Gilded Six-Bits”? How does period of deliberation affect his forgiveness of her – does it make more of less sincere? What does this say about their relationship going into the future?
C) How is Dave in “The Man Who Was Almost A Man” not a man? Is there one central force preventing him from becoming a man? How does he go about overcoming this? Is it even possible for him to do so?
.
B)Blanche and Stella both view Stanley very differently – how do the.docxcelenarouzie
B)Blanche and Stella both view Stanley very differently – how do they see him and what does this view say about themselves? What causes Stella to continue to return to Stanley? Does she really trust him? Does she ultimately sacrifice her sister for him?
C) What is the difference between how Blanche presents herself and what she really is? Why does she choose to present herself so differently?
250 words each
.
b) What is the largest value that can be represented by 3 digits usi.docxcelenarouzie
b) What is the largest value that can be represented by 3 digits using radix-3?
c) Why do you think that binary logic is much more commonly used than ternary logic? Be brief.
The ASCII code for the letter E is 1000101, and the ASCII code for the letter e is 1100101. Given that the ASCII code for the letter M is 1001101, without looking at Table 2.7, what is the ASCII code for the letter m?
.
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B A S I C L O G I C M O D E L D E V E L O P M E N T Pr.docxcelenarouzie
B A S I C L O G I C M O D E L D E V E L O P M E N T
Produced by The W. K. Kellogg Foundation
53535353
Developing a Basic Logic
Model For Your Program
Drawing a picture of how your program will achieve results
hether you are a grantseeker developing a proposal for start-up funds or a
grantee with a program already in operation, developing a logic model can
strengthen your program. Logic models help identify the factors that will
impact your program and enable you to anticipate the data and resources
you will need to achieve success. As you engage in the process of creating your
program logic model, your organization will systematically address these important
program planning and evaluation issues:
• Cataloguing of the resources and actions you believe you will need to reach intended
results.
• Documentation of connections among your available resources, planned activities and
the results you expect to achieve.
• Description of the results you are aiming for in terms of specific, measurable, action-
oriented, realistic and timed outcomes.
The exercises in this chapter gather the raw material you need to draw a basic logic
model that illustrates how and why your program will work and what it will accomplish.
You can benefit from creating a logic model at any point in the life of any program.
The logic model development process helps people inside and outside your
organization understand and improve the purpose and process of your work.
Chapter 2 is organized into two sections—Program Implementation, and Program
Results. The best recipe for program success is to complete both exercises. (Full-size
masters of each exercise and the checklists are provided in the Forms Appendix at the
back of the guide for you to photocopy and use with stakeholder groups as you design
your program.)
Exercise 1: Program Results. In a series of three steps, you describe the results you
plan to achieve with your program.
Exercise 2: Program Resources and Activities by taking you through three steps
that connect the program’s resources to the actual activities you plan to do.
Chapter
2
W
B A S I C L O G I C M O D E L D E V E L O P M E N T
Produced by The W. K. Kellogg Foundation
54545454
The Mytown Example
Throughout Exercises 1 and 2 we’ll follow an example program to see how the logic
model steps can be applied. In our example, the folks in Mytown, USA are striving to
meet the needs of growing numbers of uninsured residents who are turning to Memorial
Hospital’s Emergency Room for care. Because that care is expensive and not the best
way to offer care, the community is working to create a free clinic. Throughout the
chapters, Mytown’s program information will be dropped into logic model templates for
Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.
Novice Logic modelers may want to have copies of the Basic Logic Model Template in
front of them and follow along. Those read.
B H1. The first issue that jumped out to me is that the presiden.docxcelenarouzie
B H
1. The first issue that jumped out to me is that the president and two vice presidents were the ones to develop the program. Our lecture notes and the text tell us that safety is one topic where management and employees can usually come to an agreement. Everyone wants a safe work environment. We are also taught that consultation is the best way to approach health and safety at work. Again, this means involving more than three people at the company. For starters, I would recommend that the safety program be dismantled and reconstructed by a committee consisting of at least 50% employees, not just senior leadership. I would keep this committee as small as possible and not have it controlled by one person only. The committee should be formed of employees from all sections and representing all possible departments where health and safety are potential issues.
2. The first issue that jumped out to me is that the president and two vice presidents were the ones to develop the program. Our lecture notes and the text tell us that safety is one topic where management and employees can usually come to an agreement. Everyone wants a safe work environment. We are also taught that consultation is the best way to approach health and safety at work. Again, this means involving more than three people at the company. For starters, I would recommend that the safety program be dismantled and reconstructed by a committee consisting of at least 50% employees, not just senior leadership. I would keep this committee as small as possible and not have it controlled by one person only. The committee should be formed of employees from all sections and representing all possible departments where health and safety are potential issues.
N S
1. 1.Top of Form
There could be a number of problems with CMI's safety awareness plan. One major one is that they could not be promoting safety. That is the first step into getting the program to work...employee involvement. First the awareness program was developed by the president and the vice presidents. A safety awareness program can be more successful if employees are involved in the development, and remain involved as it is adjusted and refined. Rules should be in place, and employers must ensure that those rules are followed and enforced consistently. Incentives and competition could be another way to promote safety in the work place. Our text cites that having employees work in teams and have them determine the incentives will keep them involved and promote safety. Also, of course keeping employees up to date on all rules will also promote safety.
2. I think the supervisor's response to employee complaints about John Randall is not appropriate at all. Even thought it is difficult, home problems should not be brought into the work place. Especially if coworkers are complaining about someone's behavior. This does not promote safety at all. To say that Randall will get over it and to disclose that he has personal problems is.
b l u e p r i n t i CONSUMER PERCEPTIONSHQW DQPerception.docxcelenarouzie
b l u e p r i n t i CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS
HQW DQ
Perceptions Impact
Your Market?
By Nicole Olynk Widmar and
Melissa McKendree, Purdue University
I aintaining existing mar-
kets for pork products,
I cultivating new markets
for existing products and
creating new products for new markets
are some avenues that the U.S. pork
industry has sought, and continues to
explore, for growth. When it comes to
maintaining markets, there are several
relationships that must be considered.
End consumers, whether in restaurant
or supermarket settings, are increas-
ingly interested in social issues and the
production processes employed in food
production. Livestock products (meat
and dairy products) certainly seem
to get the majority of the spotlight in
regard to consumers' concern for pro-
duction processes.
Shoppers in supermarkets and din-
ers in restaurants have increased access
to information via the Internet, and are
in constant communication with one
another via social media and alterna-
tive news sources about perceptions
of animal agriculture. Even though
most U.S. consumers are not directly
in contact with livestock, concern for
the treatment of animals, including
those employed in food production,
is evident — and increasing. While
in the past consumers were mainly
concerned with factors like the fat or
nutritional content of pork, for exam-
ple, today's savvy shoppers are con-
sidering other factors, like the welfare
of livestock (pigs), safety of workers
employed on farms and potential envi-
ronmental impacts (externalities) of
livestock operations.
Large-scale changes in production
practices are taking place in livestock
24 April 15, 2014
production due to pressures from vari-
ous interested parties. Changes such
as the discontinued use of gestation
stalls, for example, are being sought
via traditional regulatory channels in
some states, but are also being pushed
via non-traditional market channels.
Consider the cumbersome process
of changing regulations, versus the
oftentimes faster (and perhaps easier)
channel of influencing key market
actors. It is no surprise that consum-
ers' concerns are increasingly voiced to
supermarkets and restaurants which,
in turn, take action to satisfy their
customers by placing pressure on sup-
ply-chain players. Changes sought via
"the market," rather than legislation or
regulation, are increasingly common,
and the use of market channels for
communicating throughout the supply
chain is unlikely to stop anytime soon.
www.nationalhogfarmer.com
Figure 1. Reported Recollection of Exposure to Media
Stories Regarding Pig Welfare, by Source
7 0 %
0 %
Television Internet
Media source
Printed Magazines
Newspaper
Books I have not seen
any media stories
regarding pig
welfare.
Melissa McKendree (left) and Nicole Olynk Widmar
A national-scale study completed
at Purdue University by Nicole Olynk
Widmar, Melissa McKendree, and
Candace Croney in 2013 was focused
on assessing consumers' perceptions of
various por.
B R O O K I N G SM E T R O P O L I TA N P O L I CY .docxcelenarouzie
B R O O K I N G S
M E T R O P O L I TA N
P O L I CY
P R O G RA M
6
I . I N T R O D U C T I O N
A
s the global economy has become more integrated and urbanized,
fueled in large part by technology, major cities and metropolitan
areas have become key engines of economic growth. The 123 largest
metro areas in the world generate nearly one third of global output
with only 13 percent of the world’s population.
In this urban-centered world, the classic notion of a
global city has been upended. This report introduces
a redefined map of global cities, drawing on a new
typology that demonstrates how metro areas vary in
the ways they attract and amass economic drivers
and contribute to global economic growth in distinct
ways. New concerns about economic stagnation—in
both developing and developed economies—add
urgency to mapping the role of the world’s cities and
the extent to which they are well-positioned to deliver
the next round of global growth.1
Instead of a ranking or indexed score, which many
prior cities indices and reports have capably deliv-
ered,2 this analysis differentiates the assets and
challenges faced by seven types of global cities.
This perspective reveals that all major cities are
indeed global; they participate as critical nodes in
an integrated marketplace and are shaped by global
currents. But cities also operate from much differ-
ent starting points and experience diverse economic
trajectories. Concerns about global growth, productiv-
ity, and wages are not monolithic, and so this typology
can inform the variety of paths cities take to address
these challenges. For metro leaders, this typology
can also ensure better application of peer com-
parisons, enable the identification of more relevant
global innovations to local challenges, and reinforce a
city-region’s relative role and performance to inform
economic strategies that ensure ongoing prosperity.
This report proceeds in four parts. In the following
section, Part II, we explore the three global forces of
urbanization, globalization, and technological change,
and how together they are demanding that city-
regions focus on five core factors—traded clusters,
innovation, talent, infrastructure connectivity, and
governance—to bolster their economic competitive-
ness. Building on these factors, Part III outlines the
data and methods deployed to create the metropoli-
tan typology. Part IV explores the collective economic
clout of the metro areas in our sample and introduces
the new typology of global cities. Finally, Part V
explores the future investments, policies, and strate-
gies required for each grouping of metro areas. Within
the typology framework, we explore the priorities for
action going forward, including the implications for
governance.
REDEFINING
GLOBAL CITIES
THE SEVEN TYPES
OF GLOBAL METRO
ECONOMIES
7
U R B A N I Z AT I O N
The world is becoming more urba.
B L O C K C H A I N & S U P P LY C H A I N SS U N I L.docxcelenarouzie
B L O C K C H A I N &
S U P P LY C H A I N S
S U N I L W A T T A L
T E M P L E U N I V E R S I T Y
• To understand the power of blockchain systems, and the things they can do, it is important to
distinguish between three things that are commonly muddled up, namely the bitcoin currency,
the specific blockchain that underpins it and the idea of blockchains in general.
• Economist, 2015
WHAT IS BLOCKCHAIN?
• A technology that permits transactions to be recorded
– Cryptographically chains blocks in order
– Allows resulting ledger accessed by different servers
– Information stored can never be deleted
• A digital distributed ledger that is stored and maintained on multiple systems belonging to multiple
entities sharing identical information (Deloitte)
• Bitcoin was the first demonstrable use
HISTORY OF BLOCKCHAIN
T YPES OF BLOCKCHAINS
• public or permissionless blockchains
– everyone who wants to engage in the network can openly see all transactions. The technology is
transparent, and all who want to engage in making transactions on the blockchain can do so.
• private or permissioned blockchains
– closed and accessible only to a selected few who have permission to engage in the blockchain.
BLOCKCHAIN FEATURES
• A blockchain lets us agree on the state of the system, even if we don’t all trust each other!
• We don’t want a single trusted arbiter of the state of the world.
• A blockchain is a hash chain with some other stuff added
– Validity conditions
– Way to resolve disagreements
• The spread of blockchains is bad for anyone in the “trust business”
WHAT IS BITCOIN
• A protocol that supports a decentralized, pseudo-anonymous, peer-to-peer digital currency
• A publicly disclosed linked ledger of transactions stored in a blockchain
• A reward driven system for achieving consensus (mining) based on “Proofs of Work” for
helping to secure the network
• A “scare token” economy with an eventual cap of about 21M bitcoins
10
OTHER USES OF BLOCKCHAIN
• Supply Chain
• Online advertising
• Smart Contracts
• Voting
BENEFITS OF BLOCKCHAIN
• Consistent
• Democratic
• Secure and accurate
• Segmented and private
• Permanent and tamper resistant
• Quickly updated
• Intelligent – smart contracts
BARRIERS TO BLOCKCHAIN
ADOPTION
• Hype
• Finding the right balance in regulation
• Cybersecurity
• Ease of use over shared databases
• Lack of understanding and knowledge
SUPPLY CHAIN CHALLENGES
• Margin Erosion
• Demand changes
• Ripple Effect
• Supply Chain Risk Management
• Lack of end to end visibility
• Obsolescence of Technology
APPLICATIONS IN SUPPLY CHAINS
• Traceability
• International Trade
• Continuity of Information
• Data Analytics
• Visibility
• Digital contracts and payments
• Check fraud and gaming
EX AMPLES OF BLOCKCHAIN IN
SUPPLY CHAINS
• 300 Cubits
– Blokcchain technology for the shipping industry
• BanQu
– Payment for small businesses
• Bext360
– Social sustainability.
Año 15, núm. 43 enero – abril de 2012. Análisis 97 Orien.docxcelenarouzie
Año 15, núm. 43 / enero – abril de 2012. Análisis 97
Orientalizing New Spain:
Perspectives on Asian Influence
in Colonial Mexico1
Edward R. Slack, Jr.2
Resumen
E ste artículo investiga la totalidad de la influencia de Asia sobre la Nueva España que resultó de la conquista de Manila en 1571 y la re-gularización del comercio Transpacífico -comúnmente conocido como
los galeones de Manila o las naos de China- entre las Filipinas y Acapulco.
En sus inicios, una oleada constante de inmigrantes asiáticos, mercancías y
nuevas técnicas de producción influyeron mesuradamente en la sociedad y
la economía colonial mediante un proceso que el autor denomina “Orientali-
zación”. No obstante, en ninguna manera “Orientalización” se debe equiparar
con el concepto de Edward Said de “Orientalismo” por la relación histórica,
única e intima de la Nueva España con Asia a principios de la edad Moderna.
Abstract
This article examines the totality of Asia’s influence on New Spain that resulted
from the conquest of Manila in 1571 and the regularization of transpacific tra-
de – more widely known as the Manila Galleons or naos de China – between the
Philippines and Acapulco. In its wake, a steady stream of Asian immigrants,
commodities, and manufacturing techniques measurably impacted colonial
society and economy through a process the author calls “Orientalization.”
However, “Orientalization” should in no way be equated with Edward Said’s
1. Artículo recibido el 28 de octubre de 2011 y dictaminado el 16 de noviembre de 2011.
2. Eastern Washington University.
98 México y la Cuenca del Pacífico. Año 15, núm. 43 / enero – abril de 2012
Edward R. Slack, Jr.
concept of “Orientalism” because of New Spain’s uniquely intimate historical
relationship with Asia in the early Modern era.
Introduction
Contrary to popular belief, the Philippines Islands were more a colony of New
Spain (Nueva España) than of “Old Spain” prior to the nineteenth century.
The Manila galleons, or naos de China (China ships), transported Asian pro-
ducts and peoples to Acapulco and other Mexican ports for approximately
250 years. Riding this ‘first wave’
of maritime contact between
the Americas and Asia were tra-
velers from China, Japan, the
Philippines, various kingdoms in
Southeast Asia and India known
collectively in New Spain as chinos
(Chinese) or indios chinos (Chine-
se Indians), as the word chino/a
became synonymous with the
Orient. The rather indiscrimi-
nate categorizing of everything
“Asian” under the Spanish noun
for the Ming/Qing empire, its
subjects and export items is easily
discovered in a variety of sources
from that age. To illustrate, the
eig hteenth centur y works of
Italian adventurer Gamelli Carreri and the criollo priest Joachin Antonio
de Basarás (who evangelized in Luzon) nonchalantly refer to the Philippine
Islands as “la China.”3 Additionally, words such as chinería (Chinese-esque,
European/Mexican imitation of Chines.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
We will make our own future Text.— Ishmael Reed, Mumbo Jumbo.docx
1. We will make our own future Text.
— Ishmael Reed, Mumbo Jumbo
and on to post now
post new
— Amiri Baraka, “Time Factor a Perfect Non-Gap”
In popular mythology, the early years of the late-1990s digital
boom were
characterized by the rags-to-riches stories of dot-com
millionaires and
the promise of a placeless, raceless, bodiless near future
enabled by tech-
nological progress. As more pragmatic assessments of the
industry sur-
faced, so too did talk of the myriad inequities that were
exacerbated by the
information economy — most notably, the digital divide, a
phrase that has
been used to describe gaps in technological access that fall
along lines of
race, gender, region, and ability but has mostly become a code
word for
the tech inequities that exist between blacks and whites.
Forecasts of a
utopian (to some) race-free future and pronouncements of the
dystopian
digital divide are the predominant discourses of blackness and
technology
in the public sphere. What matters is less a choice between
these two nar-
ratives, which fall into conventional libertarian and
2. conservative frame-
works, and more what they have in common: namely, the
assumption that
race is a liability in the twenty-first century — is either
negligible or evi-
dence of negligence. In these politics of the future, supposedly
novel para-
digms for understanding technology smack of old racial
ideologies. In
each scenario, racial identity, and blackness in particular, is the
anti-avatar
of digital life. Blackness gets constructed as always
oppositional to tech-
nologically driven chronicles of progress.
That race (and gender) distinctions would be eliminated with
tech-
nology was perhaps the founding fiction of the digital age. The
raceless
future paradigm, an adjunct of Marshall McLuhan’s “global
village”
metaphor, was widely supported by (and made strange
bedfellows of )
pop visionaries, scholars, and corporations from Timothy Leary
to Alluc-
quère Rosanne Stone to MCI. Spurred by “revolutions” in
technoscience,
social and cultural theorists looked increasingly to information
technology,
especially the Internet and the World Wide Web, for new
paradigms. We
Alondra Nelson
Introduction
4. notably, the futurism movement of the turn of the twentieth
century.
In 1909 Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, an Italian artist, published
“The
Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism,” in which he called for a
new aes-
thetic that could properly represent the sensation of living in a
rapidly
modernizing world. Marinetti glorified the creative destruction
of war,
exalted the beauty of “eternal, omnipresent speed,” and
promised to sing
of the revolutionary potential of factories, shipyards,
locomotives, and
airplanes. He called for the end of the old, proclaiming, “But we
want no
part of it, the past, we the young and strong Futurists!”1 In
constructing
his vision of the future, Marinetti implicitly evoked a
subjectivity that was
decidedly male, young, and carved out in relation to the past
and the
“feminine.”
While neocriticism’s take on identity tended more toward the
glorifi-
cation of the self ’s dissolving than its hardening, it was
propelled by a similar
impetus to understand the technological transformations that
character-
ized the beginning of a new era. Technoevangelist Timothy
Leary pro-
claimed that advances in technology augured the end of
burdensome
social identities. Out with those old categories from the social
movements
5. of the 1960s, in with the new. Leary predicted that “in the
future, the
methods of information technology, molecular engineering,
biotechnol-
ogy, nanotechnology (atom stacking), and quantum-digital
programming
could make the human form a matter totally determined by
individual
whim, style, and seasonal choice.”2 Leary’s prediction was
social science
fiction, a rendering of the not-now, a possible future without a
certain end
but loaded with assumptions. He assumed that “ever-loosening
physical
constraints” would free us from our cumbersome bodies and
imagined
that in the future identity would be driven by the consumer
imperatives of
whim and choice. Technology offered a future of wholly new
human
beings — unfettered not only from the physical body but from
past human
experience as well. Leary presupposed that such freedom would
be widely
2 Alondra Nelson
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available and universally sought after. Yet as Andrew Ross
cautioned,
“radical humanism” of the sort Leary advocated would, by
6. choice or cir-
cumstance, “only free a minority of humans.”3 Bodies carry
different
social weights that unevenly mediate access to the freely
constructed iden-
tity that Leary advocated. To be sure, his theory is an extreme
example of
the neocriticism that characterizes much writing about the
social impact
of computer technology. And yet the spirit of Leary’s discourse
of disem-
bodiment, which fit an unrelentingly progressive and libertarian
vision of
the future, became an important inspiration for theories of
identity in the
digital age.
For others, technological change was the catalyst for a
transformation
of conceptions of the self.4 In the influential work The War of
Desire and
Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age, Allucquère
Rosanne Stone
marshaled theory, observation, and fictionalized anecdote to
describe the
nature of contemporary identity. According to Stone, in the
“virtual age”
our awareness of the fragmented self is heightened by
computer-mediated
communication.5 In crafting her argument, Stone was
influenced by two
theories of identity and multiplicity. One held that the
decentered self is
the reaction of the body/subject/citizen to absolute state power;
by this
logic, fragmented identity is an assertion of agency under a
7. system of com-
plete subjugation. Stone’s argument was also informed by
psychological
literature on multiple personality disorders (MPDs), in which
“split per-
sonalities” are explained as responses to violence, trauma, and
other “less
overt methods of subjection.” In this model, manifold selves are
under-
stood as a tactic for negotiating forms of oppression.
Despite the grave implications of these hypotheses, Stone
aspired to
recoup such multiplicity as a practice of pleasure and desire.
But in her
rush to celebrate the possibilities opened up by computer
technology,
Stone overlooked the fact that, as Kalí Tal has suggested, over a
century’s
worth of “sophisticated tools for the analysis of cyberculture”
already
existed in African American thought.6 These extant theories,
Tal insists,
provide political and theoretical precedents for articulating and
under-
standing “multiple identities, fragmented personae and
liminality”— most
notably W. E. B. DuBois’s concept of double consciousness.
They also
“contradict the notion that the absence of the (illusion of )
unitary self is
something new”: despite the easy proliferation of selves in the
digital age,
the flux of identity that Stone extolled has long been the
experience of
African diasporic people.
8. DuBois’s double consciousness was not simply an uncritical
assertion
of multiple personalities but rather a dogged analysis of both
the origins
and stakes of this multiplicity. What falls by the wayside in
Stone’s analy-
sis — and neocriticism more generally — is an appraisal of
identity that
3Introduction
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does not simply look to what is seemingly new about the self in
the “vir-
tual age” but looks backward and forward in seeking to provide
insights
about identity, one that asks what was and what if. While Stone
gives
poignant witness to the ontology of multiplicity, she is less able
to show
how the dialectic between defining oneself in light of ties to
one’s history
and experience and being defined from without (be it in virtual
or physi-
cal space, by stereotypes or the state) determines the shape of
computer-
mediated aggregate identities as much or more than the leisurely
flux of
personality.
9. Like Leary’s predictions, Stone’s argument begged the question
of
who would be able to so easily cast aside identity and,
moreover, what was
at stake in doing so. While Stone is careful to maintain that
there is indeed
a link between virtual and physical selves, she nevertheless
deploys an
identity politics that privileges personality performance. Yet
understand-
ing the changing terrain of identity in the virtual age requires
not only
attention to the technical construction of selves over a
distributed network
but a sense of how multiplicity works to both deflect and
buttress struc-
tures of power and an understanding of how selves are
differently situated
both within and outside of this network.
In contrast, the shifting ecology of racialization in the virtual
age has
been most thoroughly explored in the scholarship of Lisa
Nakamura.
Nakamura’s analyses of sci-fi films, technology advertisements,
and iden-
tity tourism in MUDs and MOOs have offered counterpoints to
the often
hidden racial ideologies of the information era.7 In a study of
late-1990s
ads for computer companies, Nakamura explored how the
promise of a
liberated world of tomorrow, free of the cumbersome weight of
racial
identity, is proliferated by corporations in television
commercials and print
10. advertising — most memorably in a 1997 commercial for MCI
entitled
“Anthem,” which pronounced that there was no age, gender, or
race on
the Internet. Nakamura examined how several corporations
deployed
images of people of color, often in “exotic” locales, to sell their
wares; yet
these representations were merely colorful backdrops to
commercial dis-
avowals of racial difference. As Nakamura explained: “The
iconography
of these advertising images demonstrates that the corporate
image factory
needs images of the Other in order to depict its product: a
technological
utopia of difference. It is not however, a utopia for the Other or
one that
includes it in any meaningful or progressive way. Rather, it
proposes an
ideal world of virtual social and cultural reality based on
specific methods
of ‘Othering.’ ”8
One such method of “othering” was the ads’ use of imagery of
exotic
people and places, emancipated from past histories and
contemporary
sociopolitical context. As Nakamura observed, “ethnic
difference in the
Yet under-
standing the
changing terrain
11. of identity in the
virtual age
requires not only
attention to
the technical
construction of
selves over a
distributed
network but a
sense of how
multiplicity works
to both deflect
and buttress
structures of
power.
4 Alondra Nelson
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12. world of Internet advertising is visually ‘cleansed’ of its
divisive, problem-
atic, tragic connotations. The ads function as corrective texts
for readers
deluged with images of racial conflicts and bloodshed both at
home and
abroad. These advertisements put the world right.” The
experiences of
the people depicted were rendered negligible or, in Nakamura’s
words,
“made ‘not to count,’ through technology.”9
Public discourse about race and technology, led by advertisers
(and
aided and abetted by cybertheorists), was preoccupied with the
imagined
new social arrangements that might be made possible by
technological
advance. Advertisers relied on a shared message about race and
ethnic-
ity — the disappearance of the DuBoisian “color line”— to
promote their
products. Nakamura’s study elucidated how centrally race
figures in con-
temporary narratives of technology, even in its (putative)
absence. Repre-
sentations of race and ethnicity created a cognitive dissonance
in tech
advertising; dissimilitude was slyly neutralized but never fully
erased, for
this alterity was necessary to the ideology of the technology
being sold.
13. If the ads scrutinized by Nakamura can be said to reflect the
high-
tech, raceless promised land (and its internal inconsistencies), a
recent
South African ad for Land Rover illuminates the stakes of the
other pre-
dominant discourse of race and technology, the digital divide.
The ad,
which ran in popular magazines in South Africa, depicts a
Himba woman
from Namibia in traditional attire. Much like an image from
National
Geographic (Nakamura makes a similar observation regarding
the adver-
tisements she discussed), the woman is shown bare-breasted.
She stands
alone in the desert, her only companion the latest model of the
Land
Rover Freelander, speedily departing. The force of the vehicle’s
back draft
as it accelerates pulls her breasts toward it. Her “feminine
primitiveness”
and the slick silver veneer of the sport-utility vehicle are in
sharp contrast;
the Freelander rapidly heads toward the future, leaving her in
the past. In
this single image, we are presented with a visual metaphor for
the osten-
sible oppositionality of race (primitive past) and technology
(modern
future) that is the most cutting side of the double-edged concept
of the
digital divide.10
If a sport-utility vehicle leaves people of African descent
literally
14. blowing in the wind, then the information age surely comes on
like a tor-
nado. Though meant to draw attention to true disparities, the
well-meant
concept of the digital divide is Janus-faced: there are indeed
critical gaps
in technological access and computer literacy that are
comprehensible
through the prisms of race, gender, socioeconomics, region, and
age.
Nonetheless, this paradigm is frequently reduced to race alone
and thus
falls all too easily in stride with preconceived ideas of black
technical
handicaps and “Western” technological superiority. Like the
Himba woman
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left eating the dust of technology, the underlying assumption of
much
digital divide rhetoric is that people of color, and African
Americans in
particular, cannot keep pace with our high-tech society.
The digital divide paradigm obscures the fact that uneven access
to
technology is a symptom of economic inequalities that predate
the Arpanet
(the prototype of the Internet) and the World Wide Web.11
15. Moreover, this
“myth of black disingenuity with technology,” to borrow a
phrase from
historian of science and medicine Evelynn Hammonds, does not
account
for the centrality of black people’s labor in modernization and
industrial-
ization as well as the historical truths of black participation in
technolog-
ical development.12 Examples of such participation include the
contribu-
tions of inventor Garret Morgan, who invented the traffic light
in 1923;
the vernacular chemistry of Madame C. J. Walker, who created
a multi-
million-dollar black beauty business; the creation of the Lingo
computer
language by programmer John Henry Thompson; and pioneering
music
production techniques.13
The racialized digital divide narrative that circulates in the
public
sphere and the bodiless, color-blind mythotopias of cybertheory
and com-
mercial advertising have become the unacknowledged frames of
reference
for understanding race in the digital age. In these frameworks,
the tech-
nologically enabled future is by its very nature unmoored from
the past
and from people of color. Neocritical narratives suggest that it
is primi-
tiveness or outmodedness, the obsolescence of something or
someone
else, that confirms the novel status of the virtual self, the
16. cutting-edge
product, or the high-tech society.
Post New
As Kalí Tal maintains, African diasporic history contains a
wealth of theo-
retical paradigms that turn the reified binary between blackness
and tech-
nology on its head, readily lending themselves to the task of
constructing
adequate frames of reference for contemporary theories of
technoculture.
From the early model of fractured consciousness offered by W.
E. B.
DuBois to the fractal patterns found in West African
architecture, examples
of black cultural prefigurations of our contemporary moment
abound.14
For the purposes of this essay, Ishmael Reed’s acclaimed 1972
novel
Mumbo Jumbo offers particularly fertile ground. The novel,
which took
the form of a detective story, was less a whodunit than an
epistemological
mystery. Mumbo Jumbo details one episode of an ongoing
contest between
the JGC’s — the carriers of “jes grew,” the meme of African
diasporic cul-
ture — and the Atonists, supporters of the “Western
civilization” mythol-
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ogy of world history. The novel’s plot centers around competing
efforts to
encourage and restrain the itinerant cultural virus, “jes grew.”
Reed has used the word necromancy to describe his project as a
writer,
defining it as “us[ing] the past to explain the present and to
prophesize
about the future.”15 Reed’s understanding of a usable past runs
counter to
the futurism of the early twentieth century. Russian poet
Kasimir Male-
vich described futurism as a way to pull oneself out of “the
catacombs
into the speed of our time. I affirm that whoever has not trod
the path of
Futurism as the exponent of modern life, is condemned to crawl
for ever
among the ancient graves and feed on the crusts of the past.”16
For Reed,
on the other hand, the catacombs are not an archaic, occult
place to be left
behind for the clean light of modern science and technology but
rather the
gateway to a more complete understanding of the future.
“Necromancers
used to lie in the guts of the dead or in the tombs to receive
visions of the
future. That is prophecy. The black writer lies in the guts of old
America,
making readings about the future,” he explained.17 With this
18. definition of
necromancy, Reed presented a temporal orientation that seem to
contra-
dict discourses of the future predicated on either ignoring the
past or ren-
dering it as staid and stagnant. Unlike neocritics, Reed conjured
“read-
ings” of a living past, retained in the present and carried into
the future.
The “jes grew” of Mumbo Jumbo is perhaps the best example of
this.
Reed borrows this phrase from civil rights activist and cultural
theorist
James Weldon Johnson, who used it to describe the proliferation
of rag-
time songs, commenting that they “jes grew” (or just grew). In
the novel,
“jes grew” refers to African diasporic cultures that live and
evolve in the
forms of gesture, music, dance, visual culture, epistemology,
and language,
crossing geography and generations by moving from carrier to
carrier
and thus threatening the knowledge monopoly of the “West”: “
‘Jes Grew’
traversed the land in search of its Text: the lost liturgy seeking
its litany. Its
words, chants held in bondage by the mysterious Order. . . . Jes
Grew
needed its words to tell its carriers what it was up to. Jes Grew
was an
influence which sought its text, and whenever it thought it knew
the loca-
tion of its words and Labanotations it headed in that
direction.”18 The
19. missing text, which originated in ancient Africa, represents the
opportu-
nity to encode African diasporic vernacular culture and create a
tangible
repository of black experience.
Throughout the novel, PaPa LaBas — the novel’s protagonist,
spiritual
detective, and proprietor of the Mumbo Jumbo Kathedral, a
HooDoo
holistic health-gathering place — tracks “jes grew” as it seeks
its text.
Toward the novel’s end, having discovered that the text has
been destroyed,
PaPa LaBas optimistically predicts, “We will make our own
future Text. A
future generation of young artists will accomplish this.” At first
take, this
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statement seems to fall in line with the utopian aspirations of
contempo-
rary neocriticism. Yet LaBas is no unsophisticated booster of
the new: this
forecast is a vision of the future that is purposely inflected with
tradition.
Rather than despair when he finds out that the Text has been
destroyed,
LaBas believes that the next generation will be successful in
20. creating a text
that can codify black culture: past, present, and future. Rather
than a
“Western” image of the future that is increasingly detached
from the past
or, equally problematic, a future-primitive perspective that
fantasizes an
uncomplicated return to ancient culture, LaBas foresees the
distillation of
African diasporic experience, rooted in the past but not weighed
down by
it, contiguous yet continually transformed.
The “anachronism” that is an element of much of Reed’s work
is
used to express a unique perspective on time and tradition. This
effect is
achieved in his writing through what he terms “synchronizing”:
“putting
disparate elements into the same time, making them run in the
same time,
together.”19 Such an approach is characteristic of how
technology works in
Mumbo Jumbo. Reed’s synchronous model defies the
progressive linearity
of much recent technocultural criticism. As Sämi Ludwig has
observed,
technologies exist independently of time in the novel; though it
is set in
the 1920s, the story contains references to technologies that will
not be
readily available until years later.20 For example, Ludwig notes
that a
leader of the Wall Flower Order, the military arm of the
Atonists, made
use of video and television to monitor the progress of “jes
21. grew” from his
headquarters. In this case, technologies from the setting’s future
and the
author’s present inhabit a story situated in the past.
Reed’s synchronicity extends to the placement of obsolete
technolo-
gies in the present. Though not hardware as such, a
communication tech-
nique called “knockings” is used by PaPa LaBas to receive
information
from beyond. Ludwig likens the “knockings” to radio waves;
they could
also be sensory perceptions, premonitions, or communiqués
from the past
that live through those who, like LaBas, continue to make use of
them.21
(Importantly, Reed does not pit his protagonists against other
forms of
technology. LaBas also makes use of hardware like his
Kathedral radio,
and a multicultural gang in the novel, the Mu’tafikah, which
repatriates
artworks to their countries of origin, employs dictaphones in its
cam-
paign.)22 Reed might be said to use synchronicity to
reprioritize tech-
nologies. Like his critique of the dominant mythos of “Western
civ,” his
anachronistic use of technology in Mumbo Jumbo begs the
question of
what tools are valued by whom, and to what ends. With his
innovative
novel as an exemplar, Ishmael Reed has supplied a paradigm for
an
22. African diasporic technoculture.
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Afrofuturism
The contributions to this issue are perhaps those “future texts”
hoped for
by Papa LaBas in Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo. The text and images
gathered
here reflect African diasporic experience and at the same time
attend to
the transformations that are the by-product of new media and
information
technology. They excavate and create original narratives of
identity, tech-
nology, and the future and offer critiques of the promises of
prevailing
theories of technoculture. In addition, these contributions,
gathered under
the term Afrofuturism, offer takes on digital culture that do not
fall into the
trap of the neocritics or the futurists of one hundred years past.
These
works represent new directions in the study of African diaspora
culture
that are grounded in the histories of black communities, rather
than seek-
ing to sever all connections to them.
23. Many of the essays in this collection grew out of the
relationships
formed in an on-line community called Afrofuturism that I
founded in the
fall of 1998, and many of them expand, deploy, and take up the
themes
first discussed there. Afrofuturism can be broadly defined as
“African
American voices” with “other stories to tell about culture,
technology and
things to come.”23 The term was chosen as the best umbrella
for the con-
cerns of “the list”— as it has come to be known by its members
—“sci-fi
imagery, futurist themes, and technological innovation in the
African dias-
pora.”24 The AfroFuturism listserv began as a project of the
arts collective
apogee with the goal of initiating dialogue that would culminate
in a sym-
posium called AfroFuturism|Forum.25 Besides the community
of thinkers,
artists, and writers that has formed and been sustained through
the list-
serv, perhaps its most meaningful function has been as an
incubator of
ideas.
The AfroFuturism list emerged at a time when it was difficult to
find
discussions of technology and African diasporic communities
that went
beyond the notion of the digital divide. From the beginning, it
was clear
that there was much theoretical territory to be explored. Early
discus-
24. sions included the concept of digital double consciousness;
African dias-
poric cultural retentions in modern technoculture; digital
activism and
issues of access; dreams of designing technology based on
African math-
ematical principles; the futuristic visions of black film, video,
and music;
the implications of the then-burgeoning MP3 revolution; and the
rela-
tionship between feminism and Afrofuturism.
The contributors to this volume approach their themes from
several
angles: as unique analytical frameworks for interpreting black
cultural
production, as imagery of the near-future, as poetry. Essays by
Alexander
G. Weheliye and Ron Eglash consider identities of the digital
age. With
Afrofuturism can
be broadly
defined as
“African American
voices” with
“other stories to
tell about culture,
technology and
25. things to come.”
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“ ‘Feenin’: Posthuman Voices in Contemporary Black Popular
Music,”
Weheliye reimagines one of the most vaunted contemporary
social cate-
gories, that of the posthuman. Resisting a single totalizing
elaboration
of posthumanity that is remarkably yet unsurprisingly similar to
the West-
ern liberal subject, Weheliye turns away from preoccupations
with the
ocular (in the form of the iconography of the computer screen
and the
spectacle of visually apparent prosthetic posthumanity) in favor
of the
aurality and orality of R&B music. Weheliye recoups
contemporary R&B
as a witness to African diasporic life that articulates human
longings and
at the same time reveals how these longings are mediated by
technologies.
The vocoder is an example of this particular conjunction of
“man” and
machine: “a speech-synthesizing device that renders the human
voice
robotic,” producing an “audibly machinic black voice” that
26. amplifies
questions of race and technology. Weheliye offers a theory of
digital age
subjectivity centered around the encoding of black diasporic
forms in
terms of the new technologies that contribute to the daily
realities of black
life.
Ron Eglash reconfigures another hardwired persona of the
digital
age, that of the nerd or geek. Eglash argues that during a time
when hack-
ers with business made inroads in the halls of power, access to
geek iden-
tity may perhaps smooth the path to influence and capital. In his
essay
“Race, Sex, and Nerds: From Black Geeks to Asian American
Hipsters,”
Eglash traces the racial, gendered, and sexual identities that
have adhered
to the figure of the nerd. The typically white male nerd, Eglash
argues,
eked out a representational space between “primitivism,” which
cast peo-
ple of African descent as oversexed and “closer to nature” than
culture,
and “orientalism,” which stereotyped people of Asian descent as
“under-
sexualized,” overly abstract thinkers. Given that geek identity is
carved out
in opposition to other racial and gender myths, Eglash considers
whether
the appropriation of nerd identity can be a politically
efficacious means of
gaining technocultural capital.
27. While the benefits of black nerd identity may be debatable,
African
diasporic technophilia has a long history, according to Anna
Everett. In
her essay “The Revolution Will Be Digitized,” Everett argues
that the
African diaspora that resulted from chattel slavery encouraged,
long
before the term became chic, “self-sustaining virtual
communities through
paralinguistic and transnational communicative systems” that
sustained a
“diasporic consciousness.” She claims that the networked
consciousness
of the African diaspora of necessity prefigured the network
consciousness
often hailed as one of the benefits of the Internet. She maintains
that this
community consciousness persists “in cyberspace and the digital
age.”
According to Everett, even as the rhetoric of the digital divide
prevailed,
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1995 was a “watershed moment” for black connectivity,
evidence of a
“black technolust” that belied the prevailing narratives about
race and
28. technology in the public sphere. Everett believes that African
diasporic
communities in cyberspace offer the opportunity for fostering
the black
public sphere and for strengthening the links of the African
diaspora using
information technology as a tool of activism and social
cohesion.
For Kalí Tal in “That Just Kills Me,” the “information
revolution”
provides inspiration to reconsider existing texts as
counternarratives to the
futurism of neocriticism. Tal reflects on black militant near-
future fiction
of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Among the generic
characteris-
tics of what she identifies as a distinct subgenre of cautionary
tales are a
utopian vision that is actualized through violence and the
decimation of
the white population, secret societies, and alternative uses of
technology.
In the works she discusses, the near future is a utopia in which
blacks free
themselves from the constraints of racism; the racist past and
present are
dystopic. This work begs the question of how social utopias
might be var-
iously imagined and how the past and present shape what we
imagine as a
positive future. Tal asserts that the writings she discusses by
Sutton
Griggs, George Schuyler, John A. Williams, and Chester Himes
reveal a
little-known history of African American futurism that both
29. provides
another lens for interpreting black literature and sets compelling
prece-
dents for the more widely known black science fiction that has
emerged in
the past forty years.
Novelist Nalo Hopkinson is an heir apparent to this tradition of
liter-
ary speculation. She presents her own visions of the future in
her critically
acclaimed fiction, which is an exemplar of the living past that
Ishmael
Reed advocates. Hopkinson writes speculative fiction, mixing
fantasy, hor-
ror, and science fiction with African mythology, spirituality,
and culture.
Noting that many of the metaphors of science and science
fiction are
derived from ancient Greek and Roman language origins,
including the
words cyborg and telephone, Hopkinson contemplates what
words a “largely
African diasporic culture might build, what stories its people
might tell
themselves about technology.”26 In the interview “Making the
Impossible
Possible,” Hopkinson discusses how she writes speculative
fiction that
incorporates diverse African traditions. With her contributions,
“Afro-
Future — Dystopic Unity,” “Mother Earth,” and “Vertical,”
poet Tracie
Morris offers elegiac reflections on “Western” science and
technology.
With this verse, Morris, a well-known performance poet and
30. published
writer, forges new directions with poetic language. She is less
than sanguine
about technoscience — each poem conjures the affect of loss
and decep-
tion — linking it not to the promise of bright new futures but to
biological
abominations, genocidal campaigns, and environmental
catastrophe.
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The imagery of Tana Hargest and Fatimah Tuggar relies on
digital-age
tools to create visual speculation. Tuggar employs digital
photomontage to
construct a collision of time, place, and culture in a manner
reminiscent of
Ishmael Reed’s synchronicity. Her images of northern Nigerian
women in
their everyday lives, using technologies both new and arcane,
convey com-
plex, often conflicting messages. Working with scale and color
contrast,
Tuggar hopes that the viewer will be conscious of, in the words
of one
reviewer, “the constructed nature of all images of Africa,” in
particular the
continent’s usual representation as an outmoded region, the
opposite of
31. what is modern and high-tech.27 At first glance, Tuggar’s cut-
and-paste
images seem to depict Nigerian women as victims of modern
technology
and Western imperialism, yet they ultimately reveal women as
agents of
technoculture. Placing traditional and more recent technologies
on the
same plane, Tuggar wants the viewer to understand them as
tools that
may have more in common than we think.
Tana Hargest uses computer-aided design technology to draw
insights
into the dilemmas of black life after the civil rights movement.
Taking
niche marketing to its speculative extreme, Hargest’s project is
a corpora-
tion, of which she is the CEO, called Bitter Nigger Inc. (BNI)
that creates
lifestyle products for African Americans living within the
gilded cage of
the color-blind aspirations of the information age. As she
details in the let-
ter to shareholders, BNI is comprised of several divisions, with
one
devoted to pharmaceuticals. The clever products developed by
the phar-
maceutical wing of BNI parody drugs like Claritin and
Celebrex, the ads
for which promise their own version of chemically enhanced
utopia. In a
manner reminiscent of George Schuyler’s satirical novel Black
No More,
each BNI product identifies a “social problem” and offers a
product as
32. remedy; yet all have side effects. It isn’t such a far leap from
pharma-
cogenomics, the promise of drugs tailored for specific
populations made
possible by the coding of the human genome,28 to Hargest’s
Tominex, a
pill that helps the “buppie” consumer to “get along to go
along.” (The
catch being that the pill is so big that in attempting to swallow
the product/
concept the consumer will choke.) Another product, “the
Enforcer,” is a
behavior-correcting microchip implanted in whites that works to
curb
racism. The Big Brother aspect of this technology would seem
to place it
squarely in a dystopic world but, similar to the fiction that Kalí
Tal dis-
cusses, this surveillance chip promises a utopian world in which
racism is
curtailed.
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Notes
The evolution of the Afrofuturism project from listserv to
conference to this
edited collection was achieved through the efforts of many
people, most impor-
33. tantly the contributors to this volume, many of whom I first met
in cyberspace.
Thank you for sharing your creative labor. I owe a debt of
gratitude to the mem-
bers of the apogee collective; Simon Watson and Craig Hensala
of Downtown
Arts Projects; and the Peter Norton Family Foundation for their
support. I am
indebted to all of my fellow travelers of the AfroFuturism
listserv for their
insights and inspiration, especially Amneh Taye, W. Jelani
Cobb, Lynn d. John-
son, Pam Mordecai, Andre Williams, David Goldberg, Kira
Harris, Mark Rock-
eymoore, Camille Acey, Juba Kalamka, Bruce Sterling, Donna
Golden, Ama Pat-
terson, Lester K. Spence, and Franklin Sirmans. My sincere
appreciation also
goes to an incredible network of thinkers, writers, and doers for
their support of
the AfroFuturism project in its varied iterations: Thuy Linh N.
Tu, Andrew
Ross, Tricia Rose, Logan Hill, Carol Cooper, Makani Themba-
Nixon, Jennie C.
Jones, Jungwon Kim, Michelle-Lee White, Erika Muhammad,
Robin D. G. Kel-
ley, Jeff Chang, Manthia Diawara, Paul D. Miller, Lisa Duggan,
Beth Coleman,
Sheree Renee Thomas, and Alyssa Hepburn. My deepest debt of
gratitude is due
to Ben Williams — partner, ally, friend.
1. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, “The Foundation and Manifesto
of Futur-
ism,” in Art in Theory, 1900 –1990: An Anthology of Changing
Ideas, ed. Charles
34. Harrison and Paul Wood (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), 148.
2. Timothy Leary and Eric Gullichsen, “High-Tech Paganism,”
in Chaos
and Cyber Culture (Berkeley, Calif.: Ronin, 1994), 236.
3. Andrew Ross, “The New Smartness,” in Culture on the Brink:
Ideologies of
Technology, ed. Gretchen Bender and Timothy Druckery
(Seattle: Bay, 1994),
335. For a further critique of this type of posthumanity, see
Alexander G. Wehe-
liye’s contribution to this issue, “ ‘Feenin”: Posthuman Voices
in Contemporary
Black Popular Music.”
4. See also Sherry Turkle, Life on the Screen: Identity in the
Age of the Internet
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995) and Brenda Laurel,
Computers As Theatre
(New York: Addison-Wesley, 1995).
5. Allucquère Rosanne Stone, The War of Desire and
Technology at the Close of
the Mechanical Age (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996), 36.
6. My critique of Stone’s argument draws on insights provided
by Kalí Tal,
who makes a similar challenge to Sherry Turkle. See Kalí Tal,
“The Unbearable
Whiteness of Being: African American Critical Theory and
Cyberculture,”
www.kalital.com/Text/Writing/Whitenes.html.
7. Lisa Nakamura, “ ‘Where Do You Want to Go Today?’:
Cybernetic Tourism,
35. the Internet, and Transnationality,” in Race in Cyberspace, ed.
Beth E. Kolko,
Lisa Nakamura, and Gilbert B. Rodman (New York: Routledge,
2000), 15 – 26;
Lisa Nakamura, “Race In/For Cyberspace: Identity Tourism and
Racial Passing
on the Internet,” Works and Days (spring/fall 1995). MUD is an
acronym for
“multi-user domain” and MOO for “MUD, object-oriented.”
Both are virtual
spaces or communities in which a participant choses an avatar
or virtual charac-
ter or assumes another identity. In her study of LambdaMOO,
Nakamura
observes that participants who chose a “race” as part of their
identity profile
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were subject to accusations of introducing “politics” into the
virtual space. See
“Race In/For Cyberspace: Identity Tourism and Racial Passing
on the Internet,”
www.English.iup.edu/publications/works&days/index.html.
8. Nakamura, “ ‘Where Do You Want to Go Today?’ ” 25
(emphasis in orig-
inal).
9. Ibid., 21– 22, 16.
36. 10. Unfortunately, Land Rover of South Africa (now a division
of the Ford
Motor Company) would not grant permission for the
reproduction of the adver-
tisement referred to here. For more information about this
controversial ad and
to view the image, see Adbusters, no. 34 (March–April 2001):
38. It also appeared
in “Bust in the Wind,” Harpers, no. 1815 (August 2001): 23.
11. Alondra Nelson, “Braving the New World–AfroFuturism:
Beyond the
Digital Divide,” in Race and Public Policy, ed. Makani Themba
(Oakland, Calif.:
Applied Research Center, 2000): 37– 40.
12. Evelynn Hammonds, interview with author, 23 April 2001,
Cambridge,
Mass.
13. James C. Williams, At Last, Recognition in America: A
Reference Handbook
of Unknown Black Inventors and Their Contribution to America
(Chicago: B.C.A.,
1978), 1:27– 28. For more on John Thompson, see
www.lingoworks.com. See
Tricia Rose, Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in
Contemporary America
(Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1994), esp.
chap. 3.
14. Ron Eglash, African Fractals: Modern Computing and
Indigenous Design
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1999).
37. 15. Ishmael Reed, interview by Gaga [Mark S. Johnson], in
Conversations
with Ishmael Reed, ed. Bruce Dick and Amritjit Singh (Jackson:
University Press
of Mississippi, 1995), 51.
16. Kasimir Malevich, “From Cubism and Futurism to
Suprematism: The
New Realism in Painting,” in Harrison and Wood, Art in
Theory, 169.
17. John O’Brien, “Ishmael Reed,” in Dick and Singh,
Conversations with
Ishmael Reed, 16.
18. Ishmael Reed, Mumbo Jumbo (1972; reprint, New York:
Scribner, 1996),
211.
19. Conversations with Ishmael Reed, 53.
20. Sämi Ludwig, Concrete Language: Intercultural
Communication in Maxine
Hong Kingston’s “The Warrior Woman” and Ishmael Reed’s
“Mumbo Jumbo” (New
York: Peter Lang, 1996), 320.
21. Ludwig, Concrete Language, 319.
22. Ibid.
23. The term Afro-futurism was coined by Mark Dery in 1993 in
an introduc-
tory essay that accompanied an interview with cultural critics
Tricia Rose and
Greg Tate and theorist and sci-fi writer Samuel Delany. See
“Black to the Future:
38. Interviews with Samuel R. Delany, Greg Tate, and Tricia Rose,”
in “Flame Wars:
The Discourse of Cyberculture,” ed. Mark Dery, South Atlantic
Quarterly 94.4
(1993): 735 –78; quotation at 738. Though this catchall term
was first used by
Dery in 1993, the currents that comprise it existed long before.
See Kowdo
Eshun, “Motion Capture (Interview),” in More Brilliant Than
the Sun: Adventures
in Sonic Fiction, 175 – 93 (London: Quartet, 1998). An
extensive list of Afrofutur-
ist resources has been compiled by Kalí Tal at
www.afrofuturism.net.
24. This phrase is taken from my description of the listserv,
which can be
found at www.groups.yahoo.com/group/afrofuturism.
14 Alondra Nelson
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25. The focus of the listserv was initially on science fiction
metaphors and
technocultural production in the African diaspora and expanded
from there into
a freewheeling discussion of any and all aspects of
contemporary black life. A
series of moderators — including Paul D. Miller, Nalo
Hopkinson, Ron Eglash,
and David Goldberg — gave generously of their time and
39. energy in periodically
setting themes for the list to consider in the first year of its
existence. Now three
years old and still going strong, the AfroFuturism list continues
to evolve: recent
moderators have included Sheree Renee Thomas and Alexander
Weheliye.
Organized by Alondra Nelson, AfroFuturism|Forum, “a critical
dialogue
on the future of black cultural production,” was held at New
York University on
18 September 1999 as part of the Downtown Arts Festival. This
project was
made possible by assistance from the Peter Norton Family
Foundation as well as
the American Studies and Africana Studies programs at NYU.
The panels
focused on various aspects of African diasporic digital culture.
Participants
included Beth Coleman, Kodwo Eshun, Leah Gilliam, Jennie C.
Jones, Raina
Lampkins-Fielder, Kobena Mercer, Tracie Morris, Erika Dalya
Muhammad,
Alondra Nelson, Simon Reynolds, Tricia Rose, Franklin
Sirmans, and Reggie
Cortez Woolery.
26. “Filling the Sky with Islands: An Interview with Nalo
Hopkinson,”
www.space.com/sciencefiction/books/hopkinson_intv_000110.ht
ml.
27. Amanda Carlson, “Amongst and Between Culture: The Art
of Fatimah
Tuggar,” unpublished essay, 1999.
40. 28. “This Heart Drug Is Designed for African Americans,”
Business Week,
26 March 2001.
15Introduction
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