Waste water treatment

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Waste Water Treatment
P. A. H. Solapur University, Solapur
M. Sc. Part II Industrial Chemistry
HCT-402 Pollution Monitoring & Control
Presented By Dr. Barache U. B. M.Sc., B.Ed., Ph.D., SET

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80% of the worlds wastewater does
not receive any treatment

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Phosphorus is the major agent triggering
eutrophication (algeal blooms) in freshwaters

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The North Sea
Photo: R. Gjørven
Nitrogen is considered the main
element triggering eutrophication in
saltwater

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Green algae in a stream in
Norway at 1200 meters altitude

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Nitrogen can cause algea
growth in freshwater in
alpine regions

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Department
of
Plant
and
Environmental
Sciences
P.D.
Jenssen
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 DO less than 1 mg/l
 BOD - 250 mg
Kathmandu, Nepal
Dry season:
(Pandey et al. 2005)

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Wastewater
treatment -
removal parameters
The objectives of sewage treatment will always
include the reduction of the concentration of at least
one of the below constituents:
Suspended solids;
Organic (biodegradable) material;
Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous);
Pathogenic organisms (expressed as E. Coli)
Medicine residues, organic chemicals (POP´s)
Heavy metals

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Methods of Removal
The contaminants in wastewater are removed by different
unit processes:
 Physical (sedimetation, flotation, screening, filtration)
 Biological (trickling filters, RBC, activated sludge)
 Chemical (chemical precipitation, ozonation, chlorination)

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Wastewater Treatment –
Processes
Primary Secondary Tertiarary
Sludge treatment
Remove
organics and
ammonia
Remove
nutrients and
pathogens

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Coagulation & Flocculation

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Membrane Filter Technology (tertiary)
Sette inn egne bilder av membraner

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Wastewater Treatment –
Processes
Primary Secondary Tertiarary
Sludge treatment
Remove
organics and
ammonia
Remove
nutrients and
pathogens

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Methods of Removal (Contd.)
Biological Unit Processes (mainly secondary)
The treatment method in which the removal of contaminants is
brought about by biological activity are known as biological unit
process. Some examples are:
– aerobic processes - presence of dissolved oxygen
• Biofilters
• Trickling filters
• Activated sludge
– anaerobic processes – absence of dissolved oxygen
• Denitrification (tertiary)
• Septic tanks
• Ponds

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23. Biofilter
Porous media
LWA
Diam: 2,5 mm
Surface area
> 5000m2/m3
Bacteria on
LWA
surface

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Wastewater spraying over a biofilter
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Biofilter: trickling filter (fixed biofilm)
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Activated sludge at Ryaverket Gothenburg
700 000 pe
Biological treatment: Activated sludge
(biofilm in suspension)

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Wastewater Treatment -
Processes
Primary Secondary Tertiarary
Sludge treatment
Remove
organics and
ammonia
Remove
nutrients and
pathogens

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