This document provides an overview of some of the world's most bloodthirsty pests, including bedbugs, fleas, mosquitoes, head lice, and ticks. It details how much blood each requires, their life cycles, and any diseases they may spread to humans, such as malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme disease, and more. Over 1 million people die each year from mosquito-borne illnesses. Ticks need to consume blood to complete their multi-stage life cycle and can transmit Lyme disease within 7 days of biting.
This document provides information about various pathogens including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites, prions, and fungi. It describes bacterial infections forming pus, recent measles outbreaks due to lack of vaccination, HPV causing genital warts and cancer, malaria transmitted by mosquitoes, tapeworms from undercooked meat, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease transmitted by prions in improperly butchered beef, and common fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
West Nile Virus (WNV) first appeared in the United States in
1999. Since its inital outbreak in New York City, the virus
has spread across the country from East to West. Female
mosquitoes transmit the virus primarily by infecting
birds. Occasionally, mosquitoes transfer the virus from
birds to humans, most of whom experience no
symptoms. One out of five infected people develop West
Nile fever, characterized by mild, flu-like symptoms.
Infection can sometimes, although rarely, be fatal for
humans. Since West Nile is lethal in some bird species,
unusual bird deaths may signal human outbreak
Streptococcus species, Classification, Structure, Morphology, Biochemical Characteristics, diseases and infection caused by Streptococcus species,Diagnosis and treatment of Streptococcus species,
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens that can be passed from person to person through various means of transmission like mucus, blood, breath, saliva, and sexual contact. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. They can spread through direct contact, indirect contact through vehicles like water or food, or through the air over long distances for some diseases like tuberculosis. Natural disasters can increase the transmission of waterborne diseases if drinking water is contaminated, as seen with outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, hepatitis A, and leptospirosis.
Insects are beautiful creature in nature and found in every environment on Earth. Many insects are considered to be pests by humans. However, some insects are crucial components of many ecosystems, performing many important functions such as pollination, decomposition and some insects produce useful substances, such as honey, wax, lac, silk, some insects act as food and medicine but some insects like mosquitoes, especially female ones act as vector for many bacterial and viral diseases because female mosquitoes needs nutrition contained in blood to help develop their eggs. Viruses take advantage of this biological requirement of mosquitoes to move from host to host. The mosquitoes spread pathogens by sucking our blood cause over half a million deaths each year and hundreds of millions of cases of severe illness. But there is no scientific evidence to suggest mosquitoes are transmitting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
Normal flora refers to the microorganisms naturally found in different areas of the human body. These microorganisms include bacteria and fungi found in places like the skin, respiratory tract, mouth, and ears. The normal flora varies depending on factors like a person's age, nutrition, environment, and health status. While normal flora play an important role in occupying niches and producing vitamins, they can also cause disease if the person becomes immunocompromised or the microorganisms shift locations. Examples of normal flora include Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus on the skin and Corynebacterial and Neisseria species in the respiratory tract. The gastrointestinal tract fl
Viruses are infectious agents that are too small to be seen with a light microscope. They can only replicate inside living host cells and come in a wide range of sizes. Important early discoveries included identifying viruses as the cause of diseases like tobacco mosaic disease, foot and mouth, yellow fever, and recognizing viruses that infect bacteria. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1798. The development of the bacterial filter in 1884 allowed viruses to be distinguished from bacteria and helped establish virology as a field of study.
This document provides an overview of some of the world's most bloodthirsty pests, including bedbugs, fleas, mosquitoes, head lice, and ticks. It details how much blood each requires, their life cycles, and any diseases they may spread to humans, such as malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme disease, and more. Over 1 million people die each year from mosquito-borne illnesses. Ticks need to consume blood to complete their multi-stage life cycle and can transmit Lyme disease within 7 days of biting.
This document provides information about various pathogens including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites, prions, and fungi. It describes bacterial infections forming pus, recent measles outbreaks due to lack of vaccination, HPV causing genital warts and cancer, malaria transmitted by mosquitoes, tapeworms from undercooked meat, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease transmitted by prions in improperly butchered beef, and common fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
West Nile Virus (WNV) first appeared in the United States in
1999. Since its inital outbreak in New York City, the virus
has spread across the country from East to West. Female
mosquitoes transmit the virus primarily by infecting
birds. Occasionally, mosquitoes transfer the virus from
birds to humans, most of whom experience no
symptoms. One out of five infected people develop West
Nile fever, characterized by mild, flu-like symptoms.
Infection can sometimes, although rarely, be fatal for
humans. Since West Nile is lethal in some bird species,
unusual bird deaths may signal human outbreak
Streptococcus species, Classification, Structure, Morphology, Biochemical Characteristics, diseases and infection caused by Streptococcus species,Diagnosis and treatment of Streptococcus species,
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens that can be passed from person to person through various means of transmission like mucus, blood, breath, saliva, and sexual contact. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. They can spread through direct contact, indirect contact through vehicles like water or food, or through the air over long distances for some diseases like tuberculosis. Natural disasters can increase the transmission of waterborne diseases if drinking water is contaminated, as seen with outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, hepatitis A, and leptospirosis.
Insects are beautiful creature in nature and found in every environment on Earth. Many insects are considered to be pests by humans. However, some insects are crucial components of many ecosystems, performing many important functions such as pollination, decomposition and some insects produce useful substances, such as honey, wax, lac, silk, some insects act as food and medicine but some insects like mosquitoes, especially female ones act as vector for many bacterial and viral diseases because female mosquitoes needs nutrition contained in blood to help develop their eggs. Viruses take advantage of this biological requirement of mosquitoes to move from host to host. The mosquitoes spread pathogens by sucking our blood cause over half a million deaths each year and hundreds of millions of cases of severe illness. But there is no scientific evidence to suggest mosquitoes are transmitting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
Normal flora refers to the microorganisms naturally found in different areas of the human body. These microorganisms include bacteria and fungi found in places like the skin, respiratory tract, mouth, and ears. The normal flora varies depending on factors like a person's age, nutrition, environment, and health status. While normal flora play an important role in occupying niches and producing vitamins, they can also cause disease if the person becomes immunocompromised or the microorganisms shift locations. Examples of normal flora include Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus on the skin and Corynebacterial and Neisseria species in the respiratory tract. The gastrointestinal tract fl
Viruses are infectious agents that are too small to be seen with a light microscope. They can only replicate inside living host cells and come in a wide range of sizes. Important early discoveries included identifying viruses as the cause of diseases like tobacco mosaic disease, foot and mouth, yellow fever, and recognizing viruses that infect bacteria. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1798. The development of the bacterial filter in 1884 allowed viruses to be distinguished from bacteria and helped establish virology as a field of study.
Malaria is spread by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It occurs most commonly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The spread of malaria depends on factors like rainfall, mosquito types in an area, and proximity of people to mosquito breeding sites. Malaria causes high fever and flu-like symptoms and can be fatal if untreated, with young children in Africa being most at risk of death. Controlling malaria involves reducing mosquito breeding grounds, using bed nets and insect repellents, and prompt treatment with quinine, which is derived from the cinchona plant. Community cooperation in cleaning up sources of standing water is important for prevention.
The Ebola virus causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. While fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir, the full life cycle of the virus is not yet known. Ebola is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids like blood, and has an incubation period of 2 to 21 days. Symptoms start with fever and weakness and progress to internal and external bleeding. The virus replicates rapidly within host cells, destroying tissues and organs before being shed to infect new hosts.
Health problems created due to enviormentYash Kurkure
Poor sanitation and water quality in slums can lead to waterborne illnesses like diarrhea in children under 5. This affects life expectancy and causes children to miss school due to poor health. Various diseases are more common in slums due to issues like lack of sewage disposal, waste treatment, and limited access to healthcare facilities and hospitals. In contrast, urban areas generally have better sanitation infrastructure like sewage systems and waste treatment, as well as more accessible medical care, which helps reduce disease transmission and allows children to remain healthier and continue attending school.
The document discusses different topics that could be connected across subjects like biology, social studies, and world history. It mentions topics like graft and corruption in the Philippines, pollution and its effects on animal extinction, bacterial infections, the bubonic plague, hormones and homosexuality, and leaders from the medieval period who were homosexual. The document suggests these topics could be taught connected across disciplines rather than isolated within each subject area. It was submitted by a student discussing potential ways to connect curriculum.
Es mucho lo que todavía tenemos que trabajar para acabar con enfermedades como la úlcera de Buruli. Pero es posible, en Anesvad lo vemos cada día en las zonas en las que desarrollamos nuestros proyectos. Y a cuantas más personas nos importe, más fácil será conseguirirlo.
The document discusses disease cycles involving insects and plant diseases. It includes an example of the typical disease cycle of anthracnose caused by Gnomia spp. and a diagram of the disease cycle of barley yellow dwarf virus transmitted by aphid vectors. It also shows the disease cycle of Stewart's bacterial wilt and blight caused by the corn flea beetle gut.
The document discusses several select agents that pose threats to public health and safety. It provides background on natural histories and transmission routes of agents like Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholerae, Franciscella tularensis. It also discusses challenges of emerging infectious diseases, methods for detecting known and new agents, and challenges related to water systems.
Class 5 EVS Chapter 8- a treat for mosquitoesMind Tree
This is the PPT of NCERT Book's chapter from class 5 a treat for mosquitoes. Download Worksheet for Class I- V - https://techteacherwithallsolutions.com
This document outlines host-parasite interactions. It defines parasites and hosts, and describes different types of parasites including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. It discusses parasitism and how parasites live in or on hosts, harming the host for their own benefit. The document also examines various parasite life cycles involving definitive, intermediate, and paratenic hosts. It explores modes of transmission between hosts and how infections establish within hosts.
The document discusses several virus families including poxviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, corona viruses, and rhabdoviruses. Poxviruses cause skin lesions and molluscum contagiosum lesions. Adenoviruses cause respiratory infections like the common cold. Herpes viruses cause infections like cold sores, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. Corona viruses typically cause upper respiratory infections while rhabdoviruses can cause rabies, a serious neurological disease. Transmission of these viruses occurs through respiratory droplets, contact with skin lesions, or exposure to animal bites or scratches.
Mosquitoes have been around for over 30 million years and come in more than 3,500 species. They are small flies in the Culicidae family that feed on nectar and plant juices, but female mosquitoes require blood meals from humans and animals to develop their eggs. Mosquito-borne diseases infect millions of people annually. The adult female mosquito lays eggs in standing water, which hatch into larvae and develop through pupa and adult stages. Mosquitoes are attracted to humans by the carbon dioxide, lactic acid, heat and contrasting colors we emit and can transmit viruses and parasites that cause deadly illnesses like malaria and dengue fever.
This document discusses the ecology and control of mosquitoes. It notes that over 3,000 mosquito species exist worldwide and breed in various stagnant water sources. Mosquitoes can transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis to humans and animals. Understanding mosquito ecology, including identifying breeding sites, is important for effective control strategies. Common control methods discussed are insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, larvicides, fish predators, and eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed. Public education on mosquito biology and reducing contact is also key to controlling mosquito-borne diseases.
6 Mosquitoes, Their Life Cycle And Larval HabitatsGDPH
The document summarizes the life cycle and larval habitats of mosquitoes. It discusses that mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis, hatching from eggs laid in water into larvae called "wigglers", then transforming into non-feeding pupae before emerging as adult mosquitoes. Both male and female mosquitoes feed on plant nectar, but female mosquitoes require a blood meal to develop eggs. The best way to control mosquitoes is to target their larval habitats, which can be found in any standing water, both natural and man-made. Common larval habitats include ditches, woodland pools, artificial containers like tires and buckets.
Turkey is a transcontinental country located in both Asia and Europe. It is home to over 80 million people and its largest city and cultural center is Istanbul, located on the Bosphorus Strait. The document provides basic geographic and demographic information about Turkey in a brief format.
This document discusses the author Kalah's journey and career goals related to video games and graphic design. It describes how she started playing video games at a young age and her initial goals of becoming a nurse or Navy corpsman. After attending Full Sail University and realizing she did not enjoy web design, she switched her focus to graphic design. She is now happy with her decision and provides examples of some of her graphic design works from her classes.
This document discusses the impact of social media on relationships. It conducted surveys in the United Kingdom, Europe, and United States. Key findings include:
- Americans reported checking social media hourly and having mood changes after viewing posts, while those in UK reported daily use.
- Americans more often get into fights with partners over social media likes and posts, while those in UK rarely fight over it.
- Americans are more dependent on social media and express more raw emotion online, while those in UK use it for connection and conversation.
If you’re into playing golf, you know how annoying it can be to get stuck on the course trying to find your ball in the rough or in the woods. It is very frustrating, trying to find your ball, losing time, or having to take a penalty shot as a consequence or even walk back to the tee.
That is why we created the NEVER LOST golf ball. It’s the smartest way to play. With the NEVER LOST you’ll play faster, score better, and save balls!
For more information visit our website http://chip-ing.com/
Six Factors Which an Ideal Transport Company Must HaveMark Jim
Al Safa Transport is a leading transportation company in the Middle East that has been operating since 1976. It has a fleet of over 200 trucks and transports a wide range of goods, including containers from 3 to 40 feet. Al Safa Transport prides itself on safety and has offices and terminals in Dubai, Sharjah, and Jeddah. It aims to provide excellent service and values its employees.
Restorative Dentistry Columbus Dublin OhioMark Jim
Restorative dentistry is a dental field devoted to repairing or replacing teeth that have been damaged or lost. Major dental work requires a very skilled and experienced hand, and Dr. Sadineni can work wonders at restoring form and function to your teeth. We offer a comprehensive list of restorative dentistry services in our Dublin Ohio dental office. For more information please visit dublinmetrodental.com
The document discusses the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in developing the germ theory of disease. It describes some of their key discoveries in identifying the microorganisms that cause anthrax, wound infections, tuberculosis, and cholera. It notes that Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize for his work developing tuberculin as a test for tuberculosis. The document also provides Koch's postulates for establishing a microorganism as the cause of a disease.
Malaria is spread by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It occurs most commonly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The spread of malaria depends on factors like rainfall, mosquito types in an area, and proximity of people to mosquito breeding sites. Malaria causes high fever and flu-like symptoms and can be fatal if untreated, with young children in Africa being most at risk of death. Controlling malaria involves reducing mosquito breeding grounds, using bed nets and insect repellents, and prompt treatment with quinine, which is derived from the cinchona plant. Community cooperation in cleaning up sources of standing water is important for prevention.
The Ebola virus causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. While fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir, the full life cycle of the virus is not yet known. Ebola is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids like blood, and has an incubation period of 2 to 21 days. Symptoms start with fever and weakness and progress to internal and external bleeding. The virus replicates rapidly within host cells, destroying tissues and organs before being shed to infect new hosts.
Health problems created due to enviormentYash Kurkure
Poor sanitation and water quality in slums can lead to waterborne illnesses like diarrhea in children under 5. This affects life expectancy and causes children to miss school due to poor health. Various diseases are more common in slums due to issues like lack of sewage disposal, waste treatment, and limited access to healthcare facilities and hospitals. In contrast, urban areas generally have better sanitation infrastructure like sewage systems and waste treatment, as well as more accessible medical care, which helps reduce disease transmission and allows children to remain healthier and continue attending school.
The document discusses different topics that could be connected across subjects like biology, social studies, and world history. It mentions topics like graft and corruption in the Philippines, pollution and its effects on animal extinction, bacterial infections, the bubonic plague, hormones and homosexuality, and leaders from the medieval period who were homosexual. The document suggests these topics could be taught connected across disciplines rather than isolated within each subject area. It was submitted by a student discussing potential ways to connect curriculum.
Es mucho lo que todavía tenemos que trabajar para acabar con enfermedades como la úlcera de Buruli. Pero es posible, en Anesvad lo vemos cada día en las zonas en las que desarrollamos nuestros proyectos. Y a cuantas más personas nos importe, más fácil será conseguirirlo.
The document discusses disease cycles involving insects and plant diseases. It includes an example of the typical disease cycle of anthracnose caused by Gnomia spp. and a diagram of the disease cycle of barley yellow dwarf virus transmitted by aphid vectors. It also shows the disease cycle of Stewart's bacterial wilt and blight caused by the corn flea beetle gut.
The document discusses several select agents that pose threats to public health and safety. It provides background on natural histories and transmission routes of agents like Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholerae, Franciscella tularensis. It also discusses challenges of emerging infectious diseases, methods for detecting known and new agents, and challenges related to water systems.
Class 5 EVS Chapter 8- a treat for mosquitoesMind Tree
This is the PPT of NCERT Book's chapter from class 5 a treat for mosquitoes. Download Worksheet for Class I- V - https://techteacherwithallsolutions.com
This document outlines host-parasite interactions. It defines parasites and hosts, and describes different types of parasites including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. It discusses parasitism and how parasites live in or on hosts, harming the host for their own benefit. The document also examines various parasite life cycles involving definitive, intermediate, and paratenic hosts. It explores modes of transmission between hosts and how infections establish within hosts.
The document discusses several virus families including poxviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, corona viruses, and rhabdoviruses. Poxviruses cause skin lesions and molluscum contagiosum lesions. Adenoviruses cause respiratory infections like the common cold. Herpes viruses cause infections like cold sores, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. Corona viruses typically cause upper respiratory infections while rhabdoviruses can cause rabies, a serious neurological disease. Transmission of these viruses occurs through respiratory droplets, contact with skin lesions, or exposure to animal bites or scratches.
Mosquitoes have been around for over 30 million years and come in more than 3,500 species. They are small flies in the Culicidae family that feed on nectar and plant juices, but female mosquitoes require blood meals from humans and animals to develop their eggs. Mosquito-borne diseases infect millions of people annually. The adult female mosquito lays eggs in standing water, which hatch into larvae and develop through pupa and adult stages. Mosquitoes are attracted to humans by the carbon dioxide, lactic acid, heat and contrasting colors we emit and can transmit viruses and parasites that cause deadly illnesses like malaria and dengue fever.
This document discusses the ecology and control of mosquitoes. It notes that over 3,000 mosquito species exist worldwide and breed in various stagnant water sources. Mosquitoes can transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis to humans and animals. Understanding mosquito ecology, including identifying breeding sites, is important for effective control strategies. Common control methods discussed are insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, larvicides, fish predators, and eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed. Public education on mosquito biology and reducing contact is also key to controlling mosquito-borne diseases.
6 Mosquitoes, Their Life Cycle And Larval HabitatsGDPH
The document summarizes the life cycle and larval habitats of mosquitoes. It discusses that mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis, hatching from eggs laid in water into larvae called "wigglers", then transforming into non-feeding pupae before emerging as adult mosquitoes. Both male and female mosquitoes feed on plant nectar, but female mosquitoes require a blood meal to develop eggs. The best way to control mosquitoes is to target their larval habitats, which can be found in any standing water, both natural and man-made. Common larval habitats include ditches, woodland pools, artificial containers like tires and buckets.
Turkey is a transcontinental country located in both Asia and Europe. It is home to over 80 million people and its largest city and cultural center is Istanbul, located on the Bosphorus Strait. The document provides basic geographic and demographic information about Turkey in a brief format.
This document discusses the author Kalah's journey and career goals related to video games and graphic design. It describes how she started playing video games at a young age and her initial goals of becoming a nurse or Navy corpsman. After attending Full Sail University and realizing she did not enjoy web design, she switched her focus to graphic design. She is now happy with her decision and provides examples of some of her graphic design works from her classes.
This document discusses the impact of social media on relationships. It conducted surveys in the United Kingdom, Europe, and United States. Key findings include:
- Americans reported checking social media hourly and having mood changes after viewing posts, while those in UK reported daily use.
- Americans more often get into fights with partners over social media likes and posts, while those in UK rarely fight over it.
- Americans are more dependent on social media and express more raw emotion online, while those in UK use it for connection and conversation.
If you’re into playing golf, you know how annoying it can be to get stuck on the course trying to find your ball in the rough or in the woods. It is very frustrating, trying to find your ball, losing time, or having to take a penalty shot as a consequence or even walk back to the tee.
That is why we created the NEVER LOST golf ball. It’s the smartest way to play. With the NEVER LOST you’ll play faster, score better, and save balls!
For more information visit our website http://chip-ing.com/
Six Factors Which an Ideal Transport Company Must HaveMark Jim
Al Safa Transport is a leading transportation company in the Middle East that has been operating since 1976. It has a fleet of over 200 trucks and transports a wide range of goods, including containers from 3 to 40 feet. Al Safa Transport prides itself on safety and has offices and terminals in Dubai, Sharjah, and Jeddah. It aims to provide excellent service and values its employees.
Restorative Dentistry Columbus Dublin OhioMark Jim
Restorative dentistry is a dental field devoted to repairing or replacing teeth that have been damaged or lost. Major dental work requires a very skilled and experienced hand, and Dr. Sadineni can work wonders at restoring form and function to your teeth. We offer a comprehensive list of restorative dentistry services in our Dublin Ohio dental office. For more information please visit dublinmetrodental.com
The document discusses the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in developing the germ theory of disease. It describes some of their key discoveries in identifying the microorganisms that cause anthrax, wound infections, tuberculosis, and cholera. It notes that Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize for his work developing tuberculin as a test for tuberculosis. The document also provides Koch's postulates for establishing a microorganism as the cause of a disease.
This document discusses the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebiasis. It is a common intestinal infection in humans that can also spread to other organs and be lethal. Around 10% of infected people develop invasive amoebiasis. The parasite has a worldwide distribution and is a major health problem in many developing areas. Transmission occurs through the ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water, or hands. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, water treatment, hygiene, and health education.
This document discusses intestinal parasitic infections caused by protozoan Entamoeba histolytica and helminths such as roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm. It notes that these infections collectively affect over 1.5 billion people worldwide, especially children in developing areas with poor sanitation. The infections are transmitted via ingestion of eggs from contaminated food, water, or soil. Symptoms range from mild gastrointestinal discomfort to potentially lethal complications like liver abscesses. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, water treatment, hygiene education, and mass deworming treatments in endemic regions.
Microbes are microscopic organisms that live on and inside humans. There are around 100 trillion microbes on the average person. Microbes can be classified as pathogenic ("bad") or non-pathogenic ("good"). Pathogenic microbes include bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and helminths, which make up approximately 3% of microorganisms and can cause diseases and infections in humans. The document then provides examples of diseases and infections caused by different pathogenic microbes.
The document discusses enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) which causes respiratory illness and was first isolated in 1962 in California. EV-D68 is one of over 100 known enteroviruses and unlike other enteroviruses, it displays acid liability and grows best at lower temperatures. The document also notes that while EV-D68 causes respiratory illness, both droplet and standard precautions should be used to prevent its spread in healthcare settings.
1) Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis that can enter the human body through the skin, lungs, or intestines.
2) It primarily affects cattle, sheep and goats but people can be infected through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.
3) The document then describes the clinical presentation of cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and intestinal anthrax as well as the pathology and epidemiology of anthrax infections.
This document describes Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. It is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus. Anthrax primarily infects herbivores through ingestion, and humans can become infected through contact with infected animals or their products. The bacterium produces an antiphagocytic capsule and lethal toxin. Anthrax infection can occur cutaneously, through inhalation, or gastrointestinal transmission. Treatment involves antibiotics, and vaccines can provide immunity. Control relies on proper disposal of infected carcasses and decontamination of animal products.
The customer purchased an antique pocket watch from Etsy for their mother's day gift, but it did not arrive on time as promised. After following up with customer service, they were informed of shipping delays but the package still did not arrive as expected. Further inquiries also resulted in long wait times. Ultimately, the package was received damaged after multiple weeks of delay. While refund and return options were provided, the overall experience left the customer frustrated and dissatisfied with Etsy's service.
The document summarizes diseases caused by contaminated water and how to prevent them. It discusses diseases transmitted through water consumption or contact, including cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A and diarrhea. Other diseases are caused by aquatic organisms or insects that breed near water, such as malaria, dengue, and filariasis. Lack of access to clean water and sanitation can also cause trachoma, leprosy, tuberculosis and whooping cough. The document recommends boiling, chlorinating, and properly storing water, as well as hand washing and hygiene practices to prevent water-related illnesses. Areas most affected include those with unsafe tap water, water shortages, contaminated waters, or that experience natural disasters.
Normal flora refers to the various bacteria and fungi that naturally inhabit different areas of the human body without causing disease. These microorganisms include bacteria and fungi but not viruses, protozoa, or helminths. Normal flora provide benefits like nutrition, host defense against pathogens, and occupy sites on the skin and mucosa to prevent pathogenic colonization. Disruption of normal flora through antibiotics can allow pathogens to grow and cause illness. The major sites inhabited by normal flora include the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract, with different bacterial species predominant in each location playing both protective and potentially pathogenic roles.
This document discusses normal flora, which are microorganisms that naturally inhabit healthy skin and mucous membranes in humans. It notes that normal flora provide benefits like preventing pathogen colonization and stimulating immunity, but can also act as opportunistic pathogens. The document describes the types, habitats, characteristics and functions of normal flora in different body sites like the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and oral cavity. It also discusses factors that influence normal flora composition and how normal flora can be involved in disease.
Hookworm infection is caused by roundworms that infect the small intestine and lungs. It is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where there is poor sanitation. Symptoms can include skin irritation where larvae penetrate, coughing and lung issues. However, many infections are asymptomatic. The main consequence is iron-deficiency anemia from blood loss, especially impairing growth in children. Control relies on improved sanitation, wearing shoes, treatment of infected individuals, and mass drug administration in endemic areas.
Lymphatic filaraisis as neglected tropical disease. The past and current efforts of Egypt in elimination. Egypt has now reached the elimination of lymphatic filaraisis as a public health problem. And joined 10 countries in that triumph around the world.
Parasitology is the study of parasites that cause disease. It involves the study of protozoa, which are unicellular, and helminths (worms), which are multicellular. The history of parasitology began with early writings mentioning parasites like roundworms and tapeworms, and in the 17th century scientists like Van Leeuwenhoek began more detailed study using early microscopes. He was the first to discover giardia in feces in 1681. Parasites live in or on a host and take nutrients from the host. They are transmitted through contaminated food, water, or arthropod vectors. Common parasitic infections include malaria and neglected tropical diseases.
The document discusses filariasis, a parasitic disease caused by roundworm infection spread through mosquitoes and black flies. It defines filariasis and outlines its causes, including the eight filarial nematode species that infect humans. The epidemiological triad of agent, host, and environment is examined, along with clinical signs, prevention, and control methods. Prevention focuses on treating infected individuals, reducing mosquito populations through larvicide and indoor residual spraying, eliminating breeding sites, and distributing preventative medications to at-risk communities.
This document summarizes key microorganisms commonly found in water and discusses water purification methods. It describes several pathogens like Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, Hepatitis A, Legionella, and Anabaena sp. that can contaminate water and cause illness. It also mentions other microbes like rotifers, copepods, E. coli, and fungi that may be present. Water quality indicators like turbidity and different types of bacteria are discussed. Methods for purifying water include separation techniques, filtration, oxidation, and a history of food preservation is provided.
AAV is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus that requires a helper virus to effectively infect and replicate in cells. It can infect a wide variety of cell types and integrate into human chromosome 19. The relatively small genome of AAV can be easily manipulated to create recombinant AAV vectors for gene therapy without wild-type coding sequences, reducing immune responses. Up to 5kb can be packaged into recombinant AAV particles.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
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Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Water poject
1. MICROBIOPHYSIOLOGY DATA BASE IFNS
The pictures above are of the rothera bacteria under the magnification of X 1500 and stained in
the H – E stain
The prospect of these bacteria is to increase the turbidity of the water up to the level of 5.1
neph/ml
These generally develop in the storage tanks with adequate unfiltered water (probable
contamination with the rain water (also in the unfiltered source).
The human digestive system is under threat of this bacterium and causes tremendous vomiting
and nausea the normal antibiotics fail in the advance contamination of the intoxication.
The picture above are the common tape worm found in the water (magnified X 1500) (stained
in the VPL stain) contaminated in the rainy season, found in the drinking water of the municipal
taps (generally provided from the river water (as the raw source) the main constitution of this
worm is the unicellular structure and the place of attack is the human intestine and the stomach.
Generally attacks the infants with the age below 12 years and the age group above 50 years but
the number of the worm and its growth can affect also the adult people also with a severe
stomach pain and vomiting.
2. MICROBIOPHYSIOLOGY DATA BASE IFNS
The above picture shows the presence of the water alligator in the tap water provided from the
rive source, magnification X 1700 and the Giemsa Stain. The bacterium mainly feeds in the
semi digested matter in the stomach of the human being. The damage mainly takes place in the
intestine of the human beings.
ring worm in octopus colony 1
This above picture is the image magnified up to X 1200 stained in H-E stain of the conventional
Ring Worm. Responsible for the development of the different kinds of skin eruptions in the
human being. In therewithal magnitude of the infection there is a definite chance of the
permanent skin damage.
The above picture is again an image of conventional bacteria the staphylococcus magnified X
1200 stained in VPL stain. This bacterium is responsible for the pneumonia at the higher
3. MICROBIOPHYSIOLOGY DATA BASE IFNS
magnitude of the infection and at the lower order the influenza. This bacterium is fatal for the
infants.
Figure 1 The Stachybotrys atra mould
The above picture is of the Stachybotrys Atra magnified X 1200 stain in Albert’s A stain the
fungus found mainly in the damp walls of the houses. This fungus is responsible for the
pulmonary hemosiderosis. The cause of the Cleveland outbreak.
This is a very unusual bacteria called Water Rhino magnified X 1000 times and stained in
Albert II stain can cause lots of problems in the human system.
4. MICROBIOPHYSIOLOGY DATA BASE IFNS
Figure 2 magnification X 1800
The picture above is the fringes of th staphylococcus in the amino plasmal fluid magnified X
3000 stained in H-E stain. Harmful for the human beings causes pulmonary deseases even faltal
for the infants below 1 years.
The above picture shown is the protozoan found in the water present in the pond, and
some other accumulated water bodies magnified X 1000 stained in Giemsa Stain. Causes
gastro-intestinal disorder in the human beings (especially in the young peoples)