Discuss about the water networking and water distribution system

1. Water Networking , Water
Distribution Systems
PRESENTED BY :
DARSH SHAH (22000976)

2. INTRODUCTION TO WATER NETWORKING,
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
•Overview of water distribution systems as critical
infrastructure.
•Explanation of the components involved: pipes,
pumps, valves, etc.
•Importance of water distribution for supplying potable
water to consumers.
•Discussion on the challenges and considerations in
designing and managing these systems.
•Emphasis on the significance of water quality
assurance and maintenance.

3. Water
Networking
Water
Distribution
Systems
Data
Monitoring
and
Management
Communication
and
Collaboration
Technology
Integration
Policy and
Regulation
Resilience
and
Adaptation
Public
Education
and
Outreach

4. • Water Distribution Systems :
i. Infrastructure for delivering potable water.
ii. Network of pipes, valves, pumps, and tanks.
iii. Maintains pressure for consistent flow.
iv. Ensures water quality through treatment and
monitoring.
v. Requires regular maintenance for optimal
performance.
• Data Monitoring and Management :
i. Data collection from various sources.
ii. Real-time monitoring for insights.
iii. Analysis to identify patterns and trends.
iv. Utilization of data for decision-making.
v. Implementation of strategies for optimization.

5. • Technology Integration :
i. IoT sensors for real-time monitoring of
water flow and quality.
ii. SCADA systems for centralized control and
management.
iii. GIS technology for spatial analysis and
infrastructure planning.
iv. Predictive analytics for proactive
maintenance and problem detection.
v. Smart metering for accurate consumption
tracking and billing.
• Communication and Collaboration :
i. Clear channels for information exchange
among stakeholders.
ii. Collaborative decision-making processes.
iii. Coordination between water management
entities, stakeholders, and communities.
iv. Regular communication to address
challenges and implement solutions.
v. Utilization of technology for efficient
collaboration and data sharing.

6. • Resilience and Adaptation :
i. Integration of resilience measures to withstand
and recover from extreme events.
ii. Adaptation strategies to address changing climate
patterns and population growth.
iii. Implementation of redundant infrastructure for
backup and alternative water sources.
iv. Deployment of emergency response plans for rapid
recovery during disruptions.
v. Collaboration with stakeholders to enhance
resilience and adaptability in water networking.
• Policy and Regulation :
i. Establishment of water quality standards and
regulations.
ii. Implementation of policies for equitable water
distribution.
iii. Regulation of water usage to ensure
sustainability.
iv. Enforcement of measures to prevent pollution
and ensure conservation.
v. Collaboration with stakeholders for policy
development and implementation.

7. • Public Education and Outreach :
• Educational campaigns on water conservation and
sustainability.
• Outreach programs to raise awareness about water
quality and safety.
• Community engagement initiatives for involvement in
water management decisions.
• Distribution of educational materials and resources on
water networking.
• Collaboration with schools, local organizations, and
media for effective outreach efforts.

8. Water
Distribution
System
Water
Supply
Water
Treatment
Plants
Storage
Facilities
Pumping
Stations
Distribution
Pipes
Valves and
Hydrants
Meters
Monitoring
and
Control
Systems

9. • Water Supply :
i. Extraction from natural sources like rivers, lakes,
or groundwater.
ii. Treatment processes to remove impurities and
ensure safety.
iii. Distribution through pipes, pumps, and storage
tanks.
iv. Monitoring for quality assurance and compliance
with regulations.
v. Demand management and conservation efforts to
ensure sustainability.
• Water Treatment Plant :
• Intake: Water is extracted from natural sources such
as rivers, lakes, or groundwater.
• Pre-treatment: Initial processes like screening and
sedimentation to remove large particles and debris.
• Coagulation and Flocculation: Addition of chemicals
to clump together smaller particles for easier
removal.
• Filtration: Passage through layers of sand, gravel,
and activated carbon to remove remaining
impurities.
• Disinfection: Addition of chlorine or other chemicals
to kill bacteria and pathogens.
• pH Adjustment: Balancing the acidity or alkalinity of
the water for safe consumption.
• Distribution: Treated water is pumped into the
distribution network for supply to consumers.

10. • Storage Facilities :
i. Reservoirs: Large storage basins that hold treated
water for distribution.
ii. Elevated Tanks: Tall structures that store water at
a height to create pressure for distribution.
iii. Ground-level Tanks: Underground or surface-level
tanks that store water for local distribution.
iv. Pumping Stations: Facilities equipped with pumps
to move water into and out of storage structures.
v. Valves and Controls: Mechanisms to regulate flow
and pressure within storage facilities and the
distribution network.
• Pumping Stations :
i. Pumps: Equipment used to increase water
pressure and facilitate movement within the
distribution network.
ii. Suction Pipes: Pipes that draw water from its
source into the pumping station.
iii. Discharge Pipes: Pipes that carry pressurized
water from the pumping station into the
distribution network.
iv. Control Systems: Automated systems that regulate
pump operation based on demand and system
conditions.
v. Monitoring Equipment: Sensors and gauges to
track water flow, pressure, and pump performance
for efficient operation.

11. • Distribution Pipes :
i. Network of interconnected pipes distributing
water to consumers.
ii. Various materials used such as PVC, ductile
iron, or HDPE.
iii. Diverse sizes and diameters to accommodate
different flow rates and demands.
iv. Equipped with valves for flow control and
maintenance access points.
v. Regular maintenance essential for leak
prevention and system integrity.
• Valves & Hydrants :
i. Valves: Control flow and pressure in distribution
pipes.
ii. Types: Include gate, butterfly, ball valves, etc.
iii. Functions: Regulation, isolation for maintenance,
pressure control.
iv. Hydrants: Access points for firefighting.
v. Types: Wet barrel (pressurized) and dry barrel
(non-pressurized).

12. • Monitoring & Control System :
• Monitoring: Continuous surveillance of water
distribution network parameters such as flow rates,
pressure levels, and water quality.
• Control: Ability to adjust system parameters in real-
time based on monitoring data, ensuring optimal
operation and response to changing conditions.
• Sensors: Deployment of various sensors (e.g., flow
meters, pressure sensors, water quality sensors)
throughout the network for data collection.
• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition):
Centralized system for monitoring, controlling, and
managing the distribution network, enabling remote
operation and data analysis.
• Automation: Implementation of automated processes
for efficient control and response to operational
events or emergencies.
• Optimization: Utilization of monitoring data to
optimize system performance, minimize energy
consumption, and reduce water losses through
proactive management strategies.
• Meters :
• Devices used to measure the volume of water passing
through a specific point in the distribution network.
• Types: Include mechanical meters (e.g., turbine,
displacement) and digital meters (e.g.,
electromagnetic, ultrasonic).
• Installation: Typically placed at consumer
connections or strategic points in the network for
billing purposes and leakage detection.
• Accuracy: Calibration and maintenance ensure
accurate measurement of water consumption.
• Data Collection: Meters may be integrated into smart
systems for remote monitoring and management of
water usage.

13. Types & Uses of Water Distribution System
• Dead-End System :
i. Pipe in a Dead-End System don’t loop back,
creating dead-end branches.
ii. Prone to problems with water quality because
standing water encourages the spread of
microorganisms.
iii. Has to be maintained and flushed frequently to
reduce issues with water quality.
iv. Vulnerable to problems with low flow and
pressure, particularly at the terminus of dead-end
branches.
v. Frequently seen in older cities with less advanced
water delivery systems.
.

14. • Grid-Iron System :
• Utilizes pipes laid out in perpendicular intersecting
lines resembling a grid.
• Ensures uniform water distribution with multiple
pathways for flow.
• Facilitates efficient navigation and maintenance
due to its organized layout.
• Commonly implemented in urban areas with
planned infrastructure and regular street grids.
• Offers scalability and adaptability to accommodate
growth and changes in demand over time.

15. • Circular Or Ring System :
• Features a looped network of pipes where water
circulates continuously.
• Provides redundancy, ensuring multiple pathways for
water flow and enhancing system reliability.
• Reduces the risk of water stagnation and improves
water quality by minimizing dead-end branches.
• Offers flexibility for system expansion and
maintenance without disrupting water supply to
consumers.
• Commonly used in modern water distribution
designs, especially in urban areas with high demand
and stringent reliability requirements.

16. • Radial System :
• Consists of pipes radiating outward from a central
point or source.
• Simple and easy to design, especially for small to
medium-sized communities.
• May result in uneven water pressure and flow rates
across the network, with lower pressure at the
periphery.
• Requires careful planning to ensure adequate
pressure and flow for all consumers, especially those
far from the source.
• Commonly used in rural or suburban areas with
dispersed populations and fewer connections.

17. Detection Of Leakage
Direct observation:
• Observing a wet soft spot on the unpaved ground we can detect the leakage. This is possible only in
clayey and loamy soils and is difficult in case of sandy soils.
By using sounding rod:
• A sharp pointed metal rod is thrust into ground along the pipeline and pulled up for inspection. Its
moist or muddy point will preliminarily indicate the presence of leakage. The sound of escaping water
can also be heard by placing the ear on the top of the inserted rod.
By plotting the hydraulic gradient line:
• The pressure at various points along a suspected pipeline are measured and the hydraulic gradient is
plotted. The appearance of the change in slope of HGL will indicate the location of a leak in the pipeline.
By using waste detection meters:
• These meter measure any unusually high flow passing through a water main during the period of low
consumption such as during night or early morning, this unnatural excess flow from a portion of the
pipe will indicate the leakage of the water through that section of pipe.

18. Network analysis of water distribution system in rural areas using EPANET Dr. G.
Venkata Ramanaa * , Ch. V. S. S. Sudheerb , B.Rajasekharc
• The document discusses the effective design and distribution of water distribution
networks in rural areas using the EPANET tool.
• It emphasizes the significance of ensuring sufficient quantity and good quality of
water to various sections of the community, highlighting the challenges in computing
flows and pressures in complex networks.
• The study area, the Chowduru network in YSR Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh,
India, is considered for the analysis.
• The methodology involves collecting imagery, generating a base map, and extracting
the layout of the distribution network using the EPANET tool.
• The results include nodal demands, pressure vs. flow, head vs. flow, and base
demand vs. flow, along with conclusions related to the network's ability to withstand
population increases and the efficiency of using tools like EPANET for analysis.

19. How EPANET TOOL Is Used ?
• EPANET creates digital models of water distribution networks.
• Performs hydraulic analysis to simulate water flow, pressure, and other
parameters.
• Enables water quality analysis to track contaminants and disinfectants.
• Supports scenario evaluation to assess system performance under different
conditions.
• Facilitates optimization studies to improve system design and operation.
• Provides visualization tools for displaying simulation results effectively.
• Essential for engineers, planners, and water utility professionals.

20. DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY USING TREE/DEAD END
SYSTEM Bhagyashri K. Chavhan*1, Pragati A. Ramteke*2, Avani S. Kulkarni*3,
Tarun A. Khandare*4, Shubham S. Biswas*5, Saurav D. Jambhulkar*6, Prof.
Divyani D. Harpal*7
• The document focuses on the design of a water distribution system for the Yavatmal
district of Jamshetpur, highlighting the significance of giving the population access
to clean, safe drinking water, especially in rural regions where there are problems
with water scarcity and pollution. It talks on the problems with the current water
delivery systems, such leaks, bad upkeep, and low water quality, and suggests
updating the system to solve these problems.
• The study emphasizes the necessity for systematic design based on particular
features by thoroughly evaluating the area's water supplies, population, and need for
water distribution. The report also discusses the problems with the current water
delivery systems, including leaks, upkeep problems, and low water quality,
emphasizing how critical it is to update the system in order to solve these problems.
• In order to reduce the danger of waterborne diseases, the report finishes by
highlighting the crucial role that water distribution plays in infrastructure and by
outlining a comprehensive strategy that unifies man-made and natural water sources
into a single network.

21. Reliability of Water Distribution Networks Alaa Hisham Naguib, Mohamed
Hassan Abdel Razik, Mohamed Ali Fergala, Sherien Ali Elagroudy Public Works
Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
• A process for evaluating and improving water distribution networks' dependability is created. To improve
network dependability, upgrade possibilities are presented. The best upgrade scenario is then chosen through
optimization analysis.
• Hydraulic availability and dependability are necessary for component reliability. Hydraulic and component
reliability are also considered in mechanical reliability. The minimal mechanical reliability of every system
component is known as network/system reliability.
• Pipe failure models are statistical models that forecast the likelihood of future failures based on past failure data.
While probabilistic models explicitly take variables into account to forecast future breakage rates, deterministic
models use previous data to determine failure rates.
• The approach is demonstrated with a case study of the Monshaat Al Qanater water network in Egypt. After an
initial assessment of the network's dependability, upgrade scenarios are developed and examined in order to
increase reliability.
• By identifying goals like maximum reliability and restrictions like money, optimization analysis helps determine
which upgrade scenarios are most likely to be achievable. Reducing working/standby pumps, eliminating single
supply pipes, and balancing loops are important components that have been shown to increase dependability.