The project is operated at 220V AC and then by using 12-0-12 transformer it will convert to 12V AC supply. After that there is rectifier section where it will convert 12V AC in 5V DC supply that will be regulated by using 7805 regulator and by using capacitors to remove ripples. Then the 5V supply will be given to Microcontroller AT89S52 with which the LCD screen, MQ2 (gas Sensor) & IR sensor are connected. IR sensor and MQ2 sensor are placed inside the dustbin. When the dustbin is filled with garbage then IR Sensor will send command to MAX232 IC which acts as a compatible device between sensors and microcontroller. Then microcontroller will display the condition of dustbin on LCD screen. Also the information of MQ2 gas sensor will also be transmitted. And send command to ZigBee Transmitter to send data to the Municipal corporation office. At dustbin section there are 4 switches which will help in emergency condition: Switch 1 is used for Dustbin is Full Switch 2 is used for Dustbin is Dirty Switch 3 is used for Emergency Switch 4 is used for Other issues Here after receiving the information ZigBee will transfer information to microcontroller through MAX232 IC’s. Then microcontroller will give command to buzzer to ring and also it will call to driver if dustbin will be full. If there will be any smelly substance then on buzzer will beep and then authority will decide what further steps should be taken. There are three Darlington pairs from that one is connected with hands free system to call the truck driver & other one is connected with buzzer. And there is one extra pair also that will be used when anyone of the working pair will get damaged. At MCD Section there are two switches: Switch 1 is used for Don’t Use Dustbin If there will be some difficulties in management system that this massage will be displayed. Switch 2 is used for Service Waiting If the garbage truck is busy somewhere else and will take time than this massage can be displayed.

2. Waste management means collection, transportation, processing of
waste materials to ensure hygienic eco system for mankind.
In this 21st century, tons of waste being generated daily due to rapid
population growth and urbanization. Lack of public awareness and
limited funding for garbage management programs, it is turning to be the
global problem.
The traditional method in India is to empty the garbage containers
placed around the city in a periodic interval. It is found that majority of
the time these containers are unmasked. It is also observed that they
overflow many times. This makes the city untidy and unhygienic,
destroying its beauty.

3. In the proposed system, the Smart containers are connected to the
internet to obtain its real-time status. This is realizable through IoT .
Sensors are deployed everywhere and these sensors convert raw
physical data into digital signals and are transmitted to the control centre.
The architecture is based on the context of operations and processes in
real-time scenarios.
The objective of the proposed system is to detect the filled status of the
container and transfer it wirelessly through ZigBee network. A
Communication link is established between node and server using light-
weight protocol MQTT.
To notify the truck drivers using Telegram messaging application .

4. This section discusses the proposed system architecture, required
hardware and software modules.
The proposed architecture consists of three modules such as Data
acquisition, Data processing and Notification.

5. The first module produces data related to the filling status of the
container with the aid of sensors. Sensed data is then transferred
wirelessly through ZigBee network. It detects the status of the
container using ultrasonic sensors.
The second module process the sensed data and compute optimal
path for the pickup points. It also has the MQTT server and Telegram
server to take care of the communication between the node and the
main server.
The third module notifies the truck drivers about the filled
containers.

7. 1. Data Acquisition1. Data Acquisition
Every node is equipped with a pair of Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino board,
ZigBee device and power supply. Ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the
level of garbage filled in the container. The sensors periodically emits
ultrasonic waves into the container and the waves reflect back within a
time interval. If the container is full, the waves reflect back in a shorter
interval.
The container is sensed for a periodic interval. If the distance computed
from the samples are lesser than 25% of the container height, then the
controller sends the filled status to the coordinator. Every container has a
unique ID. The filled status is denoted by ‘1’. The sent data has the
following format,
Data sent: {‘id’:1,’STATUS’:1}

8. 2. Data Processing2. Data Processing
Whenever the container is found full, the status field is changed to 1.
3. Notification3. Notification
The location of the containers to be picked is notified to the truck driver
through Telegram mobile application on demand basis. A Bot is a
predefined program that responds to user requests. It resides in the server
and listens for any request from the driver. When the truck is ready for
pickup, a request is sent to the bot asking for the pickup points. The bot
replies the truck driver with the optimal path for collection. The driver
requests the bot using a predefined command. The request is forwarded
by the Telegram server to the Main server where the bot script runs.
Based on the rules, the bot replies the driver with the optimal path.

9. The setup includes a 100 litres container to hold the garbage. Two
ultrasonic sensors (HCSR04) are placed on top in order to provide
maximum coverage. There are only four pins in the HC-SR04: VCC
(Power), Trig (Trigger), Echo (Receive), and GND (Ground). The sensor
is interfaced to Arduino board using the pin connection. Echo, Trigger
pins of sensor 1 and 2 are connected to 3, 2 and 9, 10 of Arduino
respectively. ZigBee device is connected serial through TX and RX pins
of the Arduino. Both the sensors and the ZigBee are powered from the
Arduino board. MySQL database is used to store all the information
about the containers.

10. MQTT is a simple light-
weight protocol that works
on publish/subscribe
architecture. It has a minimal
overhead which makes it
perfect for constrained
resources with limited
resources. There are two
types of clients, Publishers
and Subscribers. A common
channel is used where
publishers post the data and
clients subscribed to that channel receive it. MQTT broker
is the heart of this protocol which is responsible for
relaying the messages to all subscribed clients.

12. This section discuss results such as calibration of sensor, ZigBee range
test, validation of protocol, database model and notification of optimal
path.
In LoS (Line of Sight), nodes can communicate successfully up to
80m. After 80m the signal decades and leads to packet loss.
When the container is full, the controller sends the filled status as a
message to the coordinator.
The message is received in a key-value pair format. The key ‘id’
represents the container uniquely and the key ‘Status’ denotes the filled
status of the container. A filled container sends a status of ‘1’.
Gateway publishes the data to the channel in the broker.
Broker forwards the data to the subscribed Server. Both the
Gateway and Server uses the topic city/ smartbins. The
published message once received at the server updates the
status of the record having that ‘id’ in its database.

13. An IoT enabled waste management system has been developed in this
research. Smart containers are developed using ultrasonic sensors for
detection and ZigBee modules for low-power communication.
MQTT enabled gateway provides lower bandwidth and faster
transmission of updates.
Using the optimal path for collection reduces the fuel and time. A
database is designed to store information of the containers and events
that occur.
Telegram bot is developed to provide a user-friendly and inexpensive
method of communication between server and truck drivers.
The future work involves the integration of street maps for real-time
MQTT enabled gateway can be used as a heterogeneous
gateway for different wireless networks enabling Smart
cities. Better optimization algorithm can be used for faster
response. Low power boards can be used for better battery
life.
mapping of filled containers.