Wars can occur between states, governments, or paramilitary groups and are generally defined as violent armed conflicts between nations or states. Wars happen for a variety of reasons, such as competition over land and resources, religious conflicts, nationalism, imperialism, racism, and slavery. A war is typically fought by countries or groups of countries against opposing countries or groups with the aim of achieving an objective through force.
Slide 9 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
Slide 9 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
This is all about peace education for catch friday lesson. The aim of peace education is to draw out, enrich, deepen and place in context students’ thinking about the concept of peace. There are many approaches to peace education, many of which are based on ideology, practical experience, and good intentions. Peace may depend on educating future generations into the competencies, perspectives, attitudes, values, and behavioral patterns that will enable them to build and maintain peace in 21st century.
Religious Conflicts in the CongoMansour AlhussainIntrodu.docxsodhi3
Religious Conflicts in the Congo
Mansour Alhussain
Introduction
Religion is one of the most powerful and destructive tools that can be used in warfare, because it reinforces the ethnicity of the people thus making it a cruel and intractable line to use to divide people
In most cases, religion is not the reason for the conflict, but plays a key role in the promotion of the conflict.
Examples of conflicts where religion has played a major role includes the Shia-Sunni conflict, and the 30 years war. A common one that has happened in different parts of the world is the Islamic Jihad.
2
Introduction
Religion is powerful because it reinforces the ethnicity of different groups of people. While religion is not as simple as ethnicity, as it can not be used as a reason for any conflicts or war. It fuels the motive for the conflict.
In the Shia- Sunni conflict for instance, both parties were from the Islamic backgrounds, but the differences resulted from differences in the spirituality. Political differences then made part of the package after Muhammad died and the successor of the Islam faith had not yet been chosen.
3
Religious Conflicts
The biggest and most influential religions, that is Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, have the following similarities.
They are all monotheistic (That is they all believe one God)
They are all part of Abraham’s genealogy
They accept sin, value praying, and see the need to seek forgiveness from God
Find meaning in life through having a profound and personal relationship with God
4
Religion as a source of conflicts
Religion is therefore used as a source of Conflict because:
Belief that a specific religion is of a chosen people
Belief that choosing the right religion can be by force
Religion being seen from history as a point of conflict
Religion can play a pivotal role such that those involved in the conflict cannot identify the issue anymore, because it could overlap an array of reasons.
5
Religious Conflicts in the Congo
In the Congo, the real reason behind the conflict is a number of issues, needs and grievances that affects a big part of the countries that are found around the central parts of the African continent.
These reasons can be further broken down into political, economic, and even military reasons, but because there are two religions of Islam and Christianity, the conflict tends to be seen as a religious one.
Turning the conflict into a religious one is the surest way for the people to turn against each other as then wed have only two conflicting sides.
6
Beginning of the Conflict
The Congo Conflict, also known as the World War of Africa broke out in 1998 and officially ended in the month of July, 1998. It involved about 9 countries from Africa and 20 militia groups from these 9 countries.
The war caused the death of 5 more than 5 million people in those 5 years, few of which died from the conditions that are presented by the aftermath of the war, especi ...
What Underlying Factors Led Liberia and Ivory Coas.docxalanfhall8953
What Underlying Factors Led Liberia and Ivory Coast into Civil Wars?
Submitted By: Amie Mendscole
Professor: Dr. Stevenson
Submitted For: Senior seminar paper
Abstract
The civil wars witnessed in Liberia and Ivory Coast had causative factors. Most of these factors are the usual and obvious factor that rock such countries. However, there was more to the wars than the common causes. For example, in Liberia, Charles Tailor who represented the population of the former slaves brought in towards the end of Slavery in America, was opposed to Doe, who represented the indigenous communities in the country. Liberia had been used to a rule by people who were slaves but Doe, an indigenous person rose to the top seat in the early 1980s. This did not go well with the likes of Charles Taylor and they started an armed rebellion to his rule.
In Ivory Coast, almost the same script happened. The technocrats were opposed to be ruled by people they considered outsiders. This pitted Alassane Ouattara against Laurent Gbagbo because they considered Ouatarra an outsider. Together with other immigrants, they were targeted and several people were killed as a result. Comment by Linda Stevenson: In a civil war, usually the numbers are more accurately described as “thousands” or “tens of thousands.”
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract……………………………………………..……………………………………….. 2
Executive Summary…………………………………….…………………………………….4
Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………………...6
Chapter 2: Social Disputes……………………………………………………………………7
Chapter 3: Government and Rebellion Movement………………….…………………….12
Chapter 4: Religious Affairs………………………………………...………………………14
Chapter 5: Literature Review……...…………………………………………………………16
Chapter 6: Research Design…….………….………….……………………………………..18
6.1. Research Questions…………………………………………………………….....19
Chapter 7: Findings………….………………………………….……….…………………...24
Chapter 8: Conclusions………………………………………………………………………33
References....………………………………………………………………..…………..…….35
Executive Summary
Civil wars have occurred in many countries in the world. While the starting of the wars is seemingly spontaneous, many civil wars are caused by various factors that come at play either deliberately or as a result of the war itself. The civil wars in Africa particularly are caused by many factors. These factors range from differences in political background, poor economies, intolerance among members of different communities among others. There is even blame on their former colonial masters and other Western countries. The result of these wars is a dilapidated country, infrastructure, loss of lives, increased number of refugees and internally displaced persons among others. What could be the cause of the wars in Africa? What is the way forward to stopping these wars? The paper particularly focuses on two countries, Liberia and Ivory Coast. What is the estimated cost of the wars in the two countries and the estimated number of people who died? The figures a.
Liberalism internationalism in the American Foreign PolicyIssa Adeli
Liberalism internationalism is similar to liberalism in the US foreign policy. So, it is important to understand nuances. Patrick Callahan's book, "Logics of American Foreign Policy, Theories of America’s World Role" is helpful in this regard.
Realism is a buzzword in US foreign policy. Patrick Callahan's definition in his book, Logics of American Foreign Policy, Theories of America’s World Role, helps to understand it better
CH 9 Riemer, Science, and RomanceThe Political Values of Poli.docxcravennichole326
CH 9: Riemer, Science, and Romance
The Political Values of Political Actors
Key Terms
Political values are important beliefs about which goals, principles, and policies are worthwhile in public affairs.
A goal is an objective. (may be peace, security, and order or war, domination, and power; may be liberty, equality, justice, and fraternity or slavery, subordination, tyranny, and enmity. May be positive or negative goals.)
A principle is a basic truth or belief that is used as a basis of reasoning or a guide to behavior. May also be positive or negative (peaceful change or violent change).
A policy is a course or general plan of action designed to solve problems or achieve specified goals; help determine whether certain standards are being met; serve as important guideposts in politics.
Where do political values come from? Whose goals, principles, and policies are actually being observed?
A political actor is the individual or group that expresses and shapes political values, struggles for power, and decides issues of public policy; governmental, economic, social and military elites, political parties, interest groups, the mass media, and nation-states are all examples of political actors.
Individual citizens are also political actors.
Level-of-analysis problem
With so many different political actors, who do we focus on: the national government as the primary actors or the decision-makers who lead the government? The international system itself?
What level do we operate on to really understand what is going on?
Guiding Hypothesis in studying political values
1) political values of political actors are rooted in their vital needs, fundamental interests, and perceived desires.
2) the struggle over political values is conditioned by the differing interpretations of needs, interests, and desires by diverse political actors and by the historical distribution of power (make for both conflict and consensus).
Guiding Hypothesis in studying political values
3) the world of politics frequently contains serious gaps between professed values and actual behaviors. The gaps exist because political actors are unable to break out of parochial, rigidly ideological patterns of thought and behavior. Difficult to narrow these gaps because human resources and capabilities are limited.
4) the future will probably include a major constitutional and democratic struggle between what we might call broad values and narrow values; will require a realistic understanding of vital needs, of compatible fundamental interests, and of modest and prudent desires.
The Values of Nations as Political Actors
Nations (national leaders, ruling elites, or governing parties) generally profess and seek to protect the national interest in foreign affairs and public interest in domestic affairs.
National interest is the vital needs and fundamental interests of the nation as a whole, security, liberty, justice and welfare, which are es ...
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is all about peace education for catch friday lesson. The aim of peace education is to draw out, enrich, deepen and place in context students’ thinking about the concept of peace. There are many approaches to peace education, many of which are based on ideology, practical experience, and good intentions. Peace may depend on educating future generations into the competencies, perspectives, attitudes, values, and behavioral patterns that will enable them to build and maintain peace in 21st century.
Religious Conflicts in the CongoMansour AlhussainIntrodu.docxsodhi3
Religious Conflicts in the Congo
Mansour Alhussain
Introduction
Religion is one of the most powerful and destructive tools that can be used in warfare, because it reinforces the ethnicity of the people thus making it a cruel and intractable line to use to divide people
In most cases, religion is not the reason for the conflict, but plays a key role in the promotion of the conflict.
Examples of conflicts where religion has played a major role includes the Shia-Sunni conflict, and the 30 years war. A common one that has happened in different parts of the world is the Islamic Jihad.
2
Introduction
Religion is powerful because it reinforces the ethnicity of different groups of people. While religion is not as simple as ethnicity, as it can not be used as a reason for any conflicts or war. It fuels the motive for the conflict.
In the Shia- Sunni conflict for instance, both parties were from the Islamic backgrounds, but the differences resulted from differences in the spirituality. Political differences then made part of the package after Muhammad died and the successor of the Islam faith had not yet been chosen.
3
Religious Conflicts
The biggest and most influential religions, that is Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, have the following similarities.
They are all monotheistic (That is they all believe one God)
They are all part of Abraham’s genealogy
They accept sin, value praying, and see the need to seek forgiveness from God
Find meaning in life through having a profound and personal relationship with God
4
Religion as a source of conflicts
Religion is therefore used as a source of Conflict because:
Belief that a specific religion is of a chosen people
Belief that choosing the right religion can be by force
Religion being seen from history as a point of conflict
Religion can play a pivotal role such that those involved in the conflict cannot identify the issue anymore, because it could overlap an array of reasons.
5
Religious Conflicts in the Congo
In the Congo, the real reason behind the conflict is a number of issues, needs and grievances that affects a big part of the countries that are found around the central parts of the African continent.
These reasons can be further broken down into political, economic, and even military reasons, but because there are two religions of Islam and Christianity, the conflict tends to be seen as a religious one.
Turning the conflict into a religious one is the surest way for the people to turn against each other as then wed have only two conflicting sides.
6
Beginning of the Conflict
The Congo Conflict, also known as the World War of Africa broke out in 1998 and officially ended in the month of July, 1998. It involved about 9 countries from Africa and 20 militia groups from these 9 countries.
The war caused the death of 5 more than 5 million people in those 5 years, few of which died from the conditions that are presented by the aftermath of the war, especi ...
What Underlying Factors Led Liberia and Ivory Coas.docxalanfhall8953
What Underlying Factors Led Liberia and Ivory Coast into Civil Wars?
Submitted By: Amie Mendscole
Professor: Dr. Stevenson
Submitted For: Senior seminar paper
Abstract
The civil wars witnessed in Liberia and Ivory Coast had causative factors. Most of these factors are the usual and obvious factor that rock such countries. However, there was more to the wars than the common causes. For example, in Liberia, Charles Tailor who represented the population of the former slaves brought in towards the end of Slavery in America, was opposed to Doe, who represented the indigenous communities in the country. Liberia had been used to a rule by people who were slaves but Doe, an indigenous person rose to the top seat in the early 1980s. This did not go well with the likes of Charles Taylor and they started an armed rebellion to his rule.
In Ivory Coast, almost the same script happened. The technocrats were opposed to be ruled by people they considered outsiders. This pitted Alassane Ouattara against Laurent Gbagbo because they considered Ouatarra an outsider. Together with other immigrants, they were targeted and several people were killed as a result. Comment by Linda Stevenson: In a civil war, usually the numbers are more accurately described as “thousands” or “tens of thousands.”
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract……………………………………………..……………………………………….. 2
Executive Summary…………………………………….…………………………………….4
Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………………...6
Chapter 2: Social Disputes……………………………………………………………………7
Chapter 3: Government and Rebellion Movement………………….…………………….12
Chapter 4: Religious Affairs………………………………………...………………………14
Chapter 5: Literature Review……...…………………………………………………………16
Chapter 6: Research Design…….………….………….……………………………………..18
6.1. Research Questions…………………………………………………………….....19
Chapter 7: Findings………….………………………………….……….…………………...24
Chapter 8: Conclusions………………………………………………………………………33
References....………………………………………………………………..…………..…….35
Executive Summary
Civil wars have occurred in many countries in the world. While the starting of the wars is seemingly spontaneous, many civil wars are caused by various factors that come at play either deliberately or as a result of the war itself. The civil wars in Africa particularly are caused by many factors. These factors range from differences in political background, poor economies, intolerance among members of different communities among others. There is even blame on their former colonial masters and other Western countries. The result of these wars is a dilapidated country, infrastructure, loss of lives, increased number of refugees and internally displaced persons among others. What could be the cause of the wars in Africa? What is the way forward to stopping these wars? The paper particularly focuses on two countries, Liberia and Ivory Coast. What is the estimated cost of the wars in the two countries and the estimated number of people who died? The figures a.
Liberalism internationalism in the American Foreign PolicyIssa Adeli
Liberalism internationalism is similar to liberalism in the US foreign policy. So, it is important to understand nuances. Patrick Callahan's book, "Logics of American Foreign Policy, Theories of America’s World Role" is helpful in this regard.
Realism is a buzzword in US foreign policy. Patrick Callahan's definition in his book, Logics of American Foreign Policy, Theories of America’s World Role, helps to understand it better
CH 9 Riemer, Science, and RomanceThe Political Values of Poli.docxcravennichole326
CH 9: Riemer, Science, and Romance
The Political Values of Political Actors
Key Terms
Political values are important beliefs about which goals, principles, and policies are worthwhile in public affairs.
A goal is an objective. (may be peace, security, and order or war, domination, and power; may be liberty, equality, justice, and fraternity or slavery, subordination, tyranny, and enmity. May be positive or negative goals.)
A principle is a basic truth or belief that is used as a basis of reasoning or a guide to behavior. May also be positive or negative (peaceful change or violent change).
A policy is a course or general plan of action designed to solve problems or achieve specified goals; help determine whether certain standards are being met; serve as important guideposts in politics.
Where do political values come from? Whose goals, principles, and policies are actually being observed?
A political actor is the individual or group that expresses and shapes political values, struggles for power, and decides issues of public policy; governmental, economic, social and military elites, political parties, interest groups, the mass media, and nation-states are all examples of political actors.
Individual citizens are also political actors.
Level-of-analysis problem
With so many different political actors, who do we focus on: the national government as the primary actors or the decision-makers who lead the government? The international system itself?
What level do we operate on to really understand what is going on?
Guiding Hypothesis in studying political values
1) political values of political actors are rooted in their vital needs, fundamental interests, and perceived desires.
2) the struggle over political values is conditioned by the differing interpretations of needs, interests, and desires by diverse political actors and by the historical distribution of power (make for both conflict and consensus).
Guiding Hypothesis in studying political values
3) the world of politics frequently contains serious gaps between professed values and actual behaviors. The gaps exist because political actors are unable to break out of parochial, rigidly ideological patterns of thought and behavior. Difficult to narrow these gaps because human resources and capabilities are limited.
4) the future will probably include a major constitutional and democratic struggle between what we might call broad values and narrow values; will require a realistic understanding of vital needs, of compatible fundamental interests, and of modest and prudent desires.
The Values of Nations as Political Actors
Nations (national leaders, ruling elites, or governing parties) generally profess and seek to protect the national interest in foreign affairs and public interest in domestic affairs.
National interest is the vital needs and fundamental interests of the nation as a whole, security, liberty, justice and welfare, which are es ...
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. Wars
• War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or
paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias.
• What is the concept of war?
• War is generally defined as violent conflict between states or nations.
Nations go to war for a variety of reasons. It has been argued that a nation
will go to war if the benefits of war are deemed to outweigh the
disadvantages, and if there is a sense that there is not another mutually
agreeable solution.
3.
4. Why wars are happened?
• War is caused by many different things, including competition over land,
religious conflicts, and nationalism. Imperialism, racism, and slavery have
also been causes of armed conflict.
• War is caused by many different things, including competition over land,
religious conflicts, and nationalism. Imperialism, racism, and slavery have
also been causes of armed conflict.
5. Causes & Factors
• War is caused by many different things, including competition over land,
religious conflicts, and nationalism. Imperialism, racism, and slavery have
also been causes of armed conflict.
• A war is typically fought by a country or group of countries against an
opposing country or group with the aim of achieving an objective through
the use of force. Wars can also be fought within a country in the form of a
civil or revolutionary war.
6. Harmony
• It practices pacifism and refrains from expanding its boundaries, even when
nationally strong. In a path-breaking study traversing six centuries of
Chinese ...
