IMPROn järjestämässä Paikkatieto sote-uudistuksen tukena seminaarissa 8.10.2019 Helsingin yliopiston Digital Geography Labin tohtorikoulutettava Elias Willberg esitteli matka-aikojen optimointia. Tutkimuksessaan hän keskittyy palveluiden saavutettavuuteen pyöräilyn ja kävelyn näkökulmasta.

1. WALKING AND CYCLING IN
ACCESSIBILITY RESEARCH
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

2. DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB
Department of Geosciences and Geography
University of Helsinki
Elias Willberg
2.10.2019
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB

3. ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab
OUR DAILY MOBILITY CHOICES HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN OUR HEALTH

4. ROLE OF ACTIVE TRAVEL IS
GROWING IN CITIES
HS 22.6.2015
Aims of transportation planning in Helsinki (2018)
Yle 7.4.2019
Guardian 7.2.2016
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

5. TRADITIONAL APPROACH IN
ACCESSIBILITY RESEARCH
 Often either or both are neglected altogether
 Focus mostly on travel time only
 When applied, cycling is seen as speeded walking
 Constant speed assumed for both
e.g. 5km/h
e.g. 18km/h
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

6. BIG DATA CAN PROVIDE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEW
APPROACHES
Pyöräilyn reitit ja sujuvuus (2017)
https://www.hel.fi/static/liitteet/kaupunkiymparisto/jul
kaisut/julkaisut/julkaisu-16-17.pdf
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

7. IN TRAVEL TIME
MATRIX 2018
Cycling was added as a new travel mode
1. Travel speeds by road segment derived from Strava data
2. Constant speeds (12kmh & 19km/h) calibrated with segment-
level information
3. Separate network used for cycling and walking
4. Time for taking and leaving the bike added to the travel time
Travel time matrix for the Helsinki region available here:
https://blogs.helsinki.fi/saavutettavuus/paakaupunkiseudun-matka-aikamatriisi/
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

8. BUT, EVEN IF
SPEEDS VARY AT
SEGMENT-LEVEL,
AT AREA-LEVEL
DIFFERENCES
EVEN OUT (EXCEPT
THE CITY CENTER)
Tarnanen (2017)
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

9. WHO ARE WE STUDYING?
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab
https://unsplash.com/photos/DMlGp-eYP-o
https://www.flickr.com/photos/12344526@N00/49068808

10. INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES AND
PREFERENCES
ARE CRUCIAL TO
ACKNOWLEDGE…
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab
https://unsplash.com/photos/jyd1S0QLpfE
https://bit.ly/35dD6vM

11. 19KM/H
12KM/H
…BECAUSE THE CONCLUSION
CAN DEPEND ON IT
CYCLING VS PUBLIC TRANSPORT
TO HELSINKI RAILWAY STATION
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

12. …ALSO BY WALKING
Walking speed = 4 KM/H Walking speed = 7 KM/H
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

13. AFTER ALL, A CONSTANT SPEED
MIGHT BE A SUFFICIENT TO USE
FOR TRAVEL TIME AS LONG AS
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ARE
TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT…
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

14. …BUT IS IT MEANINGUL TO
ONLY LOOK AT TRAVEL TIME
WITH CYCLING AND WALKING?
WHAT ABOUT OTHER
MEASURES?
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

15. HEALTH BENEFITS?
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab
https://unsplash.com/photos/NrlHjNUqqgM

16. BENEFICIAL EXPOSURE FROM
CYCLING AND WALKING
POSITIVE EXPOSURE?
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

17. ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab
Physical activity – OD analysis of commuting trips

18. Exposure - Green exposure of commuting trips
Toikka (2019)
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

19. CONCLUSION
• Novel approaches and big data allow fine-scale modelling of active travel
modes in accessibility research.
• Yet the improvement to traditional constant speed approach might not be
very large at area-level.
• More important is to account individual differences. Travel times can vary
significantly depending on who we assume to represent general cyclist.
• Travel time is not the only meaningful measure. Walking and cycling can
provide mental and physical health benefits that are important to
consider.
• Novel data sources can also provide opportunities to study these
measures.
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

20. THANK YOU!
helsinki.fi/digital-geography
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab

21. REFERENCES
Tarnanen, A. (2017) Pyöräilyn nopeuksien ja matka-aikojen paikkatietopohjainen
mallinnus pääkaupunkiseudulla. Master’s thesis. University of Helsinki. Available
at: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/228530.
Tarnanen, A., Salonen, M., Willberg, E. and Toivonen, T. (2017) Pyöräilyn reitit ja
sujuvuus. Helsingin kaupunki, kaupunkiympäristön toimiala.
Toikka, A. (2019) Helsingin vihernäkymien kartoitus Googlen katunäkymäkuvista.
University of Helsinki. Available at: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/302224.
Toivonen, T., M. Salonen, H. Tenkanen, P. Saarsalmi, T. Jaakkola & J. Järvi (2014).
Helsinki Region Travel Time Matrix 2014. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2159.3683
ELIAS WILLBERG
PHD CANDIDATE
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHY LAB / HY
@EliasW_
@digigeolab