BY FRK NIAZI https://web.facebook.com/faisalurrehmankhanniazi

1. “Waiting for Godot”: Realism
“Waiting for Godot” occupies a prominent place in the annals of English literature for
highlighting the basic truths of human beings belonging to any age or religion. The play can be
interpreted by various ways. It is a play in which fact and fancy, illusion and reality are
mingled together. In “Waiting for Godot” man’s sufferings, whether physical or metaphysical,
are shown in such a way that we feel them as our own suffering. The play is a mirror of our
age because it shows the inner hollowness, helplessness and meaninglessness of modern
man’s life.
The theme of the play has a universal appeal. The tramps represent all humanity. Their
sufferings are the sufferings of all human beings; no matter in which country they live in or
what religious beliefs they have. They reflect modern man’s loneliness, absurdity,
forgetfulness, illusions, waiting condition, deferred hope, physical suffering, mental anguish,
death wish and isolation.
The main subject of the play is waiting and the act of waiting is an essential aspect of the
human condition. Vladimir says:
“We’re waiting for Godot”
And the sentence is repeated in the course of the play like a refrain. It is not clear in the play
who or what Godot is. The tramps themselves have only a vague idea of who Godot is. They
wait for him in a state of ignorance or helplessness. The play thus depicts waiting, ignorance
and boredom and all these things are directly experienced by us in life, wait is essential – the
offer of a job, the possibility of promotion, the return of a long-lost friend, a love letter etc.
Thus we discover a common ground between ourselves and the two tramps who are waiting
for Godot.
The play highlights the theme of habit, boredom and “the suffering of being”. The play is a
fable about a kind of life that has no longer any point. Godot may stand for God. Or for a
mythical human being or for a meaning of life or for death but the play is a representation of
stagnant life. The heroes or anti-heroes are merely alive but a life without action and purpose.
In our world millions of people do not act but are acted. The tramps, in spite of their inaction
and pointlessness of their existence, still want to go on. The million of people today do not

2. give up living when their life becomes pointless. Thus the plight of two tramps is no different
than that of an average man and that’s why people are able to respond to the play. It is not
without reason that Estragon suggests hanging as a remedy. Under the condition in which we
live, most of us have subconsciously thought of hanging ourselves. The mood of despair is not
limited but has become a general attitude of the people.
Lucky and Pozzo represent master slave relationship through centuries. The pathetic and
miserable condition of Lucky represents the exploited class of all ages and Pozzo the exploiter.
Pozzo is a capitalist of our times who suck the blood of the poor and then throw them away
like the peel of banana. But even then both the classes are interdependent upon each other.
The play is valid for all those who can assimilate the general anguish into their particular
experience and thus translate it into their own terms. “Nothing to be done” is the main
dilemma of our life. In spite of having got marvelous progress in all fields of life, man is still in
confusion and perplexity of mind. His moral scruples prevent him doing something wrong but
at the same time his worldly lust incites him to do the same wrong. Beckett makes us realize
that man is the main cause of the sufferings of man. The contrast between the relationships of
the two pairs of characters becomes an important clue for the understanding of the play and
produces certain echoes in us.
In nutshell we may say “Waiting for Godot” is a mirror in which everyone can see his own face
because Vladimir and Estragon’s problems of everyman. We are all waiting for the reality of
our existence. Everyday we turn the page of our life with this hope that perhaps today the
reality will out but in the end we still remain unknown. That’s why the play touches the apex
of appreciation by an audience of prisoners at San Quentin in the USA because they were
confronted with their own experience of time, waiting, hope and despair. Thus the play is a
mirror of our times and there is enough in the play, which can be called the echo of our own
mind and heart.