Visual Studio Code is a lightweight but full-featured code editor. It supports many programming languages through language servers, including the Java Language Server. The document discusses VS Code's history and rise in popularity. It explains how language servers allow languages like Java to integrate with any code editor using the Language Server Protocol. The presentation demonstrates setting up a Java project in VS Code and interacting with the Java Language Server for features like auto-completion and goto definition. It also provides instructions for building a sample language server to understand how they work.