In the recent era of computer electronic communication we are currently facing the critical impact of Deception which plays its vital role in the mode of affecting efficient information sharing system. Identifying Deception in any mode of communication is a tedious process without using the proper tool for detecting those vulnerabilities. This paper deals with the efficient tools of Deception detection in which combined application implementation is our main focus rather than with its individuality. We propose a research model which comprises Fuzzy logic, Uncertainty and Randomization. This paper deals with an experiment which implements the scenario of mixture application with its revealed results. We also discuss the combined approach rather than with its individual performance.
1. Multivariate analyses can examine responses that are jointly encoded in multiple voxels, unlike univariate analyses which look at individual voxels.
2. Multivariate approaches can utilize hidden quantities such as coupling strengths between neural signals that cannot be observed with univariate methods.
3. Classification models aim to predict a categorical variable from features, while regression predicts a continuous variable. Multivariate models consider responses across multiple voxels.
A Multimedia Interface For Facilitating Comparisons Of Opinions (Thesis Prese...Lucas Rizoli
Slide deck used to present and defend my master's thesis project. The project is detailed in a paper published in the Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1502650.1502696).
The document discusses research design and different types of research designs. It covers exploratory research, descriptive research including cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, and causal research. Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics or functions, while causal research determines cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables. Exploratory research provides insights and understanding to define problems or generate hypotheses. Descriptive research such as surveys and panels can estimate behaviors or determine perceptions. Causal research uses experiments to test hypotheses by controlling variables. Cross-sectional designs collect one-time data from samples, while longitudinal designs track the same samples over time.
Based on the outputs given, state the assumptions made and interpret the results. Also
comment on the suitability of additional analysis that could have been performed.
(Total 20 Marks)
5. A random sample of 20 observations was taken to study the fat content in milk. The
observations are given below:
3.5, 4.0, 3.8, 4.2, 3.7, 4.1, 3.9, 4.0, 3.6, 4.3, 3.4, 4.2, 3.9, 4.0, 3.5, 4.1, 3.8, 4.0, 3.7, 4.2
Required
Predicting performance in Recommender Systems - PosterAlejandro Bellogin
This document discusses predicting the performance of recommender systems. It proposes that data commonly available to recommender systems could enable estimating the success of recommendations. Specifically, it aims to 1) define a performance prediction theory for recommender systems, 2) adapt query performance techniques from information retrieval to recommendations, and 3) evaluate appropriate performance metrics. The research also explores applying these models when combining multiple recommendation strategies or hybrid recommender systems.
GenESeSS is an algorithm that learns causal models of stochastic processes by first quantizing continuous dynamics into a symbolic domain and then inferring probabilistic finite state automata (PFSAs). It works by first estimating symbolic derivatives from observed data to identify hidden states and causal structure, even for processes with long memory. The algorithm is efficient in the PAC learning sense, allowing it to learn good models of complex stochastic processes from limited data.
The document discusses formalizing a theory of truth degrees in the framework of axiomatic truth theory PAŁTr2 over Łukasiewicz infinite-valued predicate logic. It defines a degree theoretic ordering ≤ and ordering of truthhood ≺ based on the truth predicate Tr. However, PAŁTr2 provides a counterexample showing that ≤ and ≺ are not identical due to ω-inconsistency, failing the formalized truth degree theory. This means axiomatic and semantic analyses can differ on relating degrees to truth.
Movie Sentiment Analysis using Deep Learning RNNijtsrd
Sentimental analysis or opinion mining is the process of obtaining sentiments about a given textual data using various methods of deep learning algorithms. The analysis is used to determine the polarity of the data as either positive or negative. This classifications can help automate data representation in various sectors which has a public feedback structure. In this paper, we are going to perform sentiment analysis on the infamous IMDB database which consists of 50000 movie reviews, in which we perform training on 25000 instances and test it on 25000 to determine the performance of the model. The model uses a variant of RNN algorithm which is LSTM Long Short Term Memory which will help us a make a model which will decide the polarity between 0 and 1. This approach has an accuracy of 88.04 Nirsen Amal A | Vijayakumar A "Movie Sentiment Analysis using Deep Learning - RNN" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42414.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/other/42414/movie-sentiment-analysis-using-deep-learning--rnn/nirsen-amal-a
1. Multivariate analyses can examine responses that are jointly encoded in multiple voxels, unlike univariate analyses which look at individual voxels.
2. Multivariate approaches can utilize hidden quantities such as coupling strengths between neural signals that cannot be observed with univariate methods.
3. Classification models aim to predict a categorical variable from features, while regression predicts a continuous variable. Multivariate models consider responses across multiple voxels.
A Multimedia Interface For Facilitating Comparisons Of Opinions (Thesis Prese...Lucas Rizoli
Slide deck used to present and defend my master's thesis project. The project is detailed in a paper published in the Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1502650.1502696).
The document discusses research design and different types of research designs. It covers exploratory research, descriptive research including cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, and causal research. Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics or functions, while causal research determines cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables. Exploratory research provides insights and understanding to define problems or generate hypotheses. Descriptive research such as surveys and panels can estimate behaviors or determine perceptions. Causal research uses experiments to test hypotheses by controlling variables. Cross-sectional designs collect one-time data from samples, while longitudinal designs track the same samples over time.
Based on the outputs given, state the assumptions made and interpret the results. Also
comment on the suitability of additional analysis that could have been performed.
(Total 20 Marks)
5. A random sample of 20 observations was taken to study the fat content in milk. The
observations are given below:
3.5, 4.0, 3.8, 4.2, 3.7, 4.1, 3.9, 4.0, 3.6, 4.3, 3.4, 4.2, 3.9, 4.0, 3.5, 4.1, 3.8, 4.0, 3.7, 4.2
Required
Predicting performance in Recommender Systems - PosterAlejandro Bellogin
This document discusses predicting the performance of recommender systems. It proposes that data commonly available to recommender systems could enable estimating the success of recommendations. Specifically, it aims to 1) define a performance prediction theory for recommender systems, 2) adapt query performance techniques from information retrieval to recommendations, and 3) evaluate appropriate performance metrics. The research also explores applying these models when combining multiple recommendation strategies or hybrid recommender systems.
GenESeSS is an algorithm that learns causal models of stochastic processes by first quantizing continuous dynamics into a symbolic domain and then inferring probabilistic finite state automata (PFSAs). It works by first estimating symbolic derivatives from observed data to identify hidden states and causal structure, even for processes with long memory. The algorithm is efficient in the PAC learning sense, allowing it to learn good models of complex stochastic processes from limited data.
The document discusses formalizing a theory of truth degrees in the framework of axiomatic truth theory PAŁTr2 over Łukasiewicz infinite-valued predicate logic. It defines a degree theoretic ordering ≤ and ordering of truthhood ≺ based on the truth predicate Tr. However, PAŁTr2 provides a counterexample showing that ≤ and ≺ are not identical due to ω-inconsistency, failing the formalized truth degree theory. This means axiomatic and semantic analyses can differ on relating degrees to truth.
Movie Sentiment Analysis using Deep Learning RNNijtsrd
Sentimental analysis or opinion mining is the process of obtaining sentiments about a given textual data using various methods of deep learning algorithms. The analysis is used to determine the polarity of the data as either positive or negative. This classifications can help automate data representation in various sectors which has a public feedback structure. In this paper, we are going to perform sentiment analysis on the infamous IMDB database which consists of 50000 movie reviews, in which we perform training on 25000 instances and test it on 25000 to determine the performance of the model. The model uses a variant of RNN algorithm which is LSTM Long Short Term Memory which will help us a make a model which will decide the polarity between 0 and 1. This approach has an accuracy of 88.04 Nirsen Amal A | Vijayakumar A "Movie Sentiment Analysis using Deep Learning - RNN" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42414.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/other/42414/movie-sentiment-analysis-using-deep-learning--rnn/nirsen-amal-a
EEG Based Classification of Emotions with CNN and RNNijtsrd
Emotions are biological states associated with the nervous system, especially the brain brought on by neurophysiological changes. They variously cognate with thoughts, feelings, behavioural responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure and it exists everywhere in daily life. It is a significant research topic in the development of artificial intelligence to evaluate human behaviour that are primarily based on emotions. In this paper, Deep Learning Classifiers will be applied to SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset SEED to classify human emotions from EEG using Python. Then the accuracy of respective classifiers that is, the performance of emotion classification using Convolutional Neural Network CNN and Recurrent Neural Networks are compared. The experimental results show that RNN is better than CNN in solving sequence prediction problems. S. Harshitha | Mrs. A. Selvarani "EEG Based Classification of Emotions with CNN and RNN" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30374.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30374/eeg-based-classification-of-emotions-with-cnn-and-rnn/s-harshitha
T4 Introduction to the modelling and verification of, and reasoning about mul...EASSS 2012
This document provides an overview of a course on modelling, verification, and reasoning in multi-agent systems. The course is divided into 6 lectures covering topics such as linear and branching time, cooperative agents, comparing semantics of alternating-time temporal logic, reasoning with examples, and complexity analysis of verification and reasoning problems. It also lists required background knowledge and recommended reading materials on related logics, automata theory, and specification and verification of multi-agent systems.
IRJET- Facial Emotion Detection using Convolutional Neural NetworkIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for facial emotion detection using convolutional neural networks. The system uses Haar cascade classifiers to detect faces in images and then applies a convolutional neural network to recognize seven basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise, contempt) from facial expressions. The convolutional neural network architecture includes convolutional layers to extract features, ReLU layers for non-linearity, pooling layers for dimensionality reduction, and fully connected layers for emotion classification. The system is described as having potential applications in security systems, driver monitoring systems, and other real-time emotion detection use cases.
Neural mechanisms of decision making - emotion vs. cognitionKyongsik Yun
1. The document summarizes research on the neural mechanisms underlying decision making, specifically how emotion and cognition interact.
2. Key areas discussed include the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in processing fairness valuation and reward anticipation.
3. Computational models are proposed to formally describe how fairness is computed within the brain based on expected rewards and rewards of others through temporal difference learning.
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter about intelligence:
- It describes different theories of intelligence including general intelligence (g) proposed by Spearman, multiple intelligences proposed by Thurstone and Gardner, and emotional intelligence.
- It discusses intelligence testing and controversies, such as whether intelligence is a single ability or made up of multiple abilities. It also discusses research locating intelligence in the brain.
- The document summarizes different views of intelligence including general intelligence (g), multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence, and intelligence as proposed by theorists like Spearman, Thurstone, Gardner, and Sternberg.
This document summarizes the second lecture in an introduction to machine learning course. The lecture discusses the definition of machine learning as improving performance on a task through experience. It also covers why machine learning is increasingly appealing due to growing data and computational power. Examples of applying machine learning to data mining tasks like medical prediction are provided. The lecture concludes by discussing emerging areas for machine learning like semantic networks and individual recommender systems.
This chapter introduces agent-oriented programming (AOP) as a new programming paradigm based on a cognitive view of computation. AOP models agents as having mental states consisting of beliefs, capabilities, commitments, and choices. Agents communicate through speech acts like informing, requesting, and promising. Two example scenarios illustrate AOP concepts like reasoning about beliefs and coordinating commitments between agents. The chapter outlines the key components of an AOP system, including a language for describing mental states, an agent programming language, and a way to turn devices into programmable agents.
HIS'2008: New Crossover Operator for Evolutionary Rule Discovery in XCSAlbert Orriols-Puig
This document proposes a new crossover operator called BLX crossover for use in XCS, an evolutionary learning classifier system. BLX crossover combines the innovation power of two-point crossover with local search by allowing the boundaries of classifier rules to move during crossover. Experiments on 12 real-world datasets show that BLX crossover enables XCS to more accurately fit complex decision boundaries compared to two-point crossover, and may prevent overfitting. The work demonstrates the importance of further research on genetic algorithm operators for evolutionary rule discovery.
Substructrual surrogates for learning decomposable classification problems: i...kknsastry
This paper presents a learning methodology based on a substructural classification model to solve decomposable classification problems. The proposed method consists of three important components: (1) a structural model that represents salient interactions between attributes for a given data, (2) a surrogate model which provides a functional approximation of the output as a function of attributes, and (3) a classification model which predicts the class for new inputs. The structural model is used to infer the functional form of the surrogate and its coefficients are estimated using linear regression methods. The classification model uses a maximally-accurate, least-complex surrogate to predict the output for given inputs. The structural model that yields an optimal classification model is searched using an iterative greedy search heuristic. Results show that the proposed method successfully detects the interacting variables in hierarchical problems, group them in linkages groups, and build maximally accurate classification models. The initial results on non-trivial hierarchical test problems indicate that the proposed method holds promise and have also shed light on several improvements to enhance the capabilities of the proposed method.
This document reviews three perspectives on theories of human behavior according to Milton Friedman, Daniel Kahneman, and Daniel McFadden. It also summarizes Kahneman's view that people make judgments intuitively and display biases, and McFadden's perspective that people aim to optimize utility subject to perceptual biases. The rest of the document discusses theories and models of perception, judgment, decision-making, and how the brain processes information efficiently.
Modeling XCS in class imbalances: Population sizing and parameter settingskknsastry
This paper analyzes the scalability of the population size required in XCS to maintain niches that are infrequently activated. Facetwise models have been developed to predict the effect of the imbalance ratio—ratio between the number of instances of the majority class and the minority class that are sampled to XCS—on population initialization, and on the creation and deletion of classifiers of the minority class. While theoretical models show that, ideally, XCS scales linearly with the imbalance ratio, XCS with standard configuration scales exponentially.
The causes that are potentially responsible for this deviation from the ideal scalability are also investigated. Specifically, the inheritance procedure of classifiers’ parameters, mutation, and subsumption are analyzed, and improvements in XCS’s mechanisms are proposed to effectively and efficiently handle imbalanced problems. Once the recommendations are incorporated to XCS, empirical results show that the population size in XCS indeed scales linearly with the imbalance ratio.
This document discusses various machine learning classifiers that have been used for emotion recognition from speech, including neural networks, Gaussian mixture models, linear regression, and decision trees. Neural networks are identified as the most suitable classifier for this complex problem due to their ability to learn patterns from data and model complex nonlinear relationships. The document provides details on different neural network architectures and training methods that have been employed for emotion recognition from speech in previous studies.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This document provides an introduction to three soft computing technologies: fuzzy systems, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. It begins with an overview comparing and contrasting how these three technologies can model complex nonlinear input-output relationships. It then focuses on fuzzy systems, explaining fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and how fuzzy controllers use fuzzy rules and reasoning. It also discusses different types of fuzzy system models and the design of antecedent and consequent parts. Finally, it provides a brief overview of neural networks and how they are analogous to biological neural networks.
In this presentation, I address two major questions:
1. What is Intelligent Agent Perception?
2. How do Intelligent Agents Perceive?
In addressing the meaning of agent perception, I highlight impediments to the perceptual process and the process of situation assessment.
In addressing how agents perceive, I highlight traditional approaches to robotic perception and then the next step after sensor input, which is how sensor data (vision sensor, tactile, olfactory, haptic, etc.) is interpreted. Methods for interpretation include solutions based on Bayes' Theorem, the underpinning of many robotics algorithms; Probabilistic Algorithms; and Artificial Neural Networks.
I also discuss a current system for robotic perception, designed to accommodate more robust and complex robotic needs: using sensors in tandem with machine learning. This method is closer to mimicking the human perceptual process than previous methods. I discuss some examples of this: 1) a study in which researchers used visual sensors and an artificial neural network (ANN) for robotic perception; 2) a study in which researchers used haptic sensors and a classification algorithm, called a boosting algorithm for robotic perception; and 3) a study in which researchers used pressure sensors, an ANN, and intended to add pre-programmed models in order to facilitate robotic perception.
Dave snowden practice without sound theory will not scaleAGILEMinds
This document discusses complexity theory and its application to organizational management. It argues that traditional systems thinking has limitations and a new approach is needed that is informed by complexity science and cognitive science. It presents key concepts from complexity theory like emergence and phase transitions. It also emphasizes the importance of narratives, rituals, and networks between groups.
This document provides an overview of uncertainty and probability theory concepts for artificial intelligence. It discusses acting under uncertainty, utility theory, basic probability notation, and the axioms of probability. Key concepts covered include prior and conditional probability, propositions, atomic events, random variables, joint probability distributions, and the probability axioms. The document is intended to introduce foundational probability and decision theory concepts for agents operating with uncertain knowledge.
The document discusses research on how valuation is computed in decision making from both neuroeconomic and neurobiological perspectives. It summarizes key findings from two chapters: 1) Valuation and choice are separable processes computed in different brain regions. Valuation involves computing expected reward and risk. 2) The striatum, particularly the ventral striatum, represents anticipated and outcome values to inform choices. The ventral striatum encodes anticipated gains while the dorsal striatum encodes outcome values.
Detection of Replica Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network: A SurveyIOSR Journals
This document summarizes research on detecting replica nodes in wireless sensor networks. It first discusses how adversaries can create replica nodes by compromising sensor nodes and stealing their keying materials. It then reviews various approaches for replica node detection, including using tamper-resistant hardware, randomized efficient distributed protocols, and leveraging knowledge of sensor deployment locations. The document proposes a new scheme using sequential probability ratio testing to detect mobile replica nodes based on analyzing the speeds between consecutive location claims from sensor nodes. This approach aims to quickly detect replica nodes compared to existing techniques.
This document summarizes research on detecting replica nodes in wireless sensor networks. It first discusses how adversaries can create replica nodes by compromising sensor nodes and stealing their keying materials. It then reviews various approaches for replica node detection, including using tamper-resistant hardware, randomized efficient distributed protocols, and leveraging knowledge of sensor deployment locations. The document proposes a new scheme using sequential probability ratio testing to detect mobile replica nodes based on analyzing the speeds between consecutive location claims from sensor nodes. This approach aims to quickly detect replica nodes compared to existing techniques.
Studying the Impact of Ubiquitous Monitoring Technology on Office Worker Beha...sipcworkshop
Here are some potential discussion questions based on the document:
- How can researchers address privacy and ethical concerns to facilitate greater data sharing?
- What policies or guidelines could encourage collaboration and data sharing between different disciplines?
- How might simulation and predictive modeling be combined with qualitative analysis to develop a more holistic understanding of user behavior?
- What opportunities exist to leverage location/flow data to improve workplace efficiency, while also considering potential unintended social/behavioral impacts?
- How can researchers effectively communicate uncertainties and limitations in their findings to practitioners considering real-world deployment of monitoring technologies?
The document highlights both the value of cross-disciplinary collaboration through data sharing, as well as important open questions around privacy,
Soft computing is an emerging approach to computing that aims to model human-like decision making through techniques like fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. It allows for imprecision, uncertainty, and approximation to achieve practical and robust solutions. Soft computing deals with problems that are too complex or undefined to model mathematically. It is well-suited for real-world problems where ideal solutions do not exist.
EEG Based Classification of Emotions with CNN and RNNijtsrd
Emotions are biological states associated with the nervous system, especially the brain brought on by neurophysiological changes. They variously cognate with thoughts, feelings, behavioural responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure and it exists everywhere in daily life. It is a significant research topic in the development of artificial intelligence to evaluate human behaviour that are primarily based on emotions. In this paper, Deep Learning Classifiers will be applied to SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset SEED to classify human emotions from EEG using Python. Then the accuracy of respective classifiers that is, the performance of emotion classification using Convolutional Neural Network CNN and Recurrent Neural Networks are compared. The experimental results show that RNN is better than CNN in solving sequence prediction problems. S. Harshitha | Mrs. A. Selvarani "EEG Based Classification of Emotions with CNN and RNN" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30374.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30374/eeg-based-classification-of-emotions-with-cnn-and-rnn/s-harshitha
T4 Introduction to the modelling and verification of, and reasoning about mul...EASSS 2012
This document provides an overview of a course on modelling, verification, and reasoning in multi-agent systems. The course is divided into 6 lectures covering topics such as linear and branching time, cooperative agents, comparing semantics of alternating-time temporal logic, reasoning with examples, and complexity analysis of verification and reasoning problems. It also lists required background knowledge and recommended reading materials on related logics, automata theory, and specification and verification of multi-agent systems.
IRJET- Facial Emotion Detection using Convolutional Neural NetworkIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for facial emotion detection using convolutional neural networks. The system uses Haar cascade classifiers to detect faces in images and then applies a convolutional neural network to recognize seven basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise, contempt) from facial expressions. The convolutional neural network architecture includes convolutional layers to extract features, ReLU layers for non-linearity, pooling layers for dimensionality reduction, and fully connected layers for emotion classification. The system is described as having potential applications in security systems, driver monitoring systems, and other real-time emotion detection use cases.
Neural mechanisms of decision making - emotion vs. cognitionKyongsik Yun
1. The document summarizes research on the neural mechanisms underlying decision making, specifically how emotion and cognition interact.
2. Key areas discussed include the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in processing fairness valuation and reward anticipation.
3. Computational models are proposed to formally describe how fairness is computed within the brain based on expected rewards and rewards of others through temporal difference learning.
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter about intelligence:
- It describes different theories of intelligence including general intelligence (g) proposed by Spearman, multiple intelligences proposed by Thurstone and Gardner, and emotional intelligence.
- It discusses intelligence testing and controversies, such as whether intelligence is a single ability or made up of multiple abilities. It also discusses research locating intelligence in the brain.
- The document summarizes different views of intelligence including general intelligence (g), multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence, and intelligence as proposed by theorists like Spearman, Thurstone, Gardner, and Sternberg.
This document summarizes the second lecture in an introduction to machine learning course. The lecture discusses the definition of machine learning as improving performance on a task through experience. It also covers why machine learning is increasingly appealing due to growing data and computational power. Examples of applying machine learning to data mining tasks like medical prediction are provided. The lecture concludes by discussing emerging areas for machine learning like semantic networks and individual recommender systems.
This chapter introduces agent-oriented programming (AOP) as a new programming paradigm based on a cognitive view of computation. AOP models agents as having mental states consisting of beliefs, capabilities, commitments, and choices. Agents communicate through speech acts like informing, requesting, and promising. Two example scenarios illustrate AOP concepts like reasoning about beliefs and coordinating commitments between agents. The chapter outlines the key components of an AOP system, including a language for describing mental states, an agent programming language, and a way to turn devices into programmable agents.
HIS'2008: New Crossover Operator for Evolutionary Rule Discovery in XCSAlbert Orriols-Puig
This document proposes a new crossover operator called BLX crossover for use in XCS, an evolutionary learning classifier system. BLX crossover combines the innovation power of two-point crossover with local search by allowing the boundaries of classifier rules to move during crossover. Experiments on 12 real-world datasets show that BLX crossover enables XCS to more accurately fit complex decision boundaries compared to two-point crossover, and may prevent overfitting. The work demonstrates the importance of further research on genetic algorithm operators for evolutionary rule discovery.
Substructrual surrogates for learning decomposable classification problems: i...kknsastry
This paper presents a learning methodology based on a substructural classification model to solve decomposable classification problems. The proposed method consists of three important components: (1) a structural model that represents salient interactions between attributes for a given data, (2) a surrogate model which provides a functional approximation of the output as a function of attributes, and (3) a classification model which predicts the class for new inputs. The structural model is used to infer the functional form of the surrogate and its coefficients are estimated using linear regression methods. The classification model uses a maximally-accurate, least-complex surrogate to predict the output for given inputs. The structural model that yields an optimal classification model is searched using an iterative greedy search heuristic. Results show that the proposed method successfully detects the interacting variables in hierarchical problems, group them in linkages groups, and build maximally accurate classification models. The initial results on non-trivial hierarchical test problems indicate that the proposed method holds promise and have also shed light on several improvements to enhance the capabilities of the proposed method.
This document reviews three perspectives on theories of human behavior according to Milton Friedman, Daniel Kahneman, and Daniel McFadden. It also summarizes Kahneman's view that people make judgments intuitively and display biases, and McFadden's perspective that people aim to optimize utility subject to perceptual biases. The rest of the document discusses theories and models of perception, judgment, decision-making, and how the brain processes information efficiently.
Modeling XCS in class imbalances: Population sizing and parameter settingskknsastry
This paper analyzes the scalability of the population size required in XCS to maintain niches that are infrequently activated. Facetwise models have been developed to predict the effect of the imbalance ratio—ratio between the number of instances of the majority class and the minority class that are sampled to XCS—on population initialization, and on the creation and deletion of classifiers of the minority class. While theoretical models show that, ideally, XCS scales linearly with the imbalance ratio, XCS with standard configuration scales exponentially.
The causes that are potentially responsible for this deviation from the ideal scalability are also investigated. Specifically, the inheritance procedure of classifiers’ parameters, mutation, and subsumption are analyzed, and improvements in XCS’s mechanisms are proposed to effectively and efficiently handle imbalanced problems. Once the recommendations are incorporated to XCS, empirical results show that the population size in XCS indeed scales linearly with the imbalance ratio.
This document discusses various machine learning classifiers that have been used for emotion recognition from speech, including neural networks, Gaussian mixture models, linear regression, and decision trees. Neural networks are identified as the most suitable classifier for this complex problem due to their ability to learn patterns from data and model complex nonlinear relationships. The document provides details on different neural network architectures and training methods that have been employed for emotion recognition from speech in previous studies.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This document provides an introduction to three soft computing technologies: fuzzy systems, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. It begins with an overview comparing and contrasting how these three technologies can model complex nonlinear input-output relationships. It then focuses on fuzzy systems, explaining fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and how fuzzy controllers use fuzzy rules and reasoning. It also discusses different types of fuzzy system models and the design of antecedent and consequent parts. Finally, it provides a brief overview of neural networks and how they are analogous to biological neural networks.
In this presentation, I address two major questions:
1. What is Intelligent Agent Perception?
2. How do Intelligent Agents Perceive?
In addressing the meaning of agent perception, I highlight impediments to the perceptual process and the process of situation assessment.
In addressing how agents perceive, I highlight traditional approaches to robotic perception and then the next step after sensor input, which is how sensor data (vision sensor, tactile, olfactory, haptic, etc.) is interpreted. Methods for interpretation include solutions based on Bayes' Theorem, the underpinning of many robotics algorithms; Probabilistic Algorithms; and Artificial Neural Networks.
I also discuss a current system for robotic perception, designed to accommodate more robust and complex robotic needs: using sensors in tandem with machine learning. This method is closer to mimicking the human perceptual process than previous methods. I discuss some examples of this: 1) a study in which researchers used visual sensors and an artificial neural network (ANN) for robotic perception; 2) a study in which researchers used haptic sensors and a classification algorithm, called a boosting algorithm for robotic perception; and 3) a study in which researchers used pressure sensors, an ANN, and intended to add pre-programmed models in order to facilitate robotic perception.
Dave snowden practice without sound theory will not scaleAGILEMinds
This document discusses complexity theory and its application to organizational management. It argues that traditional systems thinking has limitations and a new approach is needed that is informed by complexity science and cognitive science. It presents key concepts from complexity theory like emergence and phase transitions. It also emphasizes the importance of narratives, rituals, and networks between groups.
This document provides an overview of uncertainty and probability theory concepts for artificial intelligence. It discusses acting under uncertainty, utility theory, basic probability notation, and the axioms of probability. Key concepts covered include prior and conditional probability, propositions, atomic events, random variables, joint probability distributions, and the probability axioms. The document is intended to introduce foundational probability and decision theory concepts for agents operating with uncertain knowledge.
The document discusses research on how valuation is computed in decision making from both neuroeconomic and neurobiological perspectives. It summarizes key findings from two chapters: 1) Valuation and choice are separable processes computed in different brain regions. Valuation involves computing expected reward and risk. 2) The striatum, particularly the ventral striatum, represents anticipated and outcome values to inform choices. The ventral striatum encodes anticipated gains while the dorsal striatum encodes outcome values.
Detection of Replica Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network: A SurveyIOSR Journals
This document summarizes research on detecting replica nodes in wireless sensor networks. It first discusses how adversaries can create replica nodes by compromising sensor nodes and stealing their keying materials. It then reviews various approaches for replica node detection, including using tamper-resistant hardware, randomized efficient distributed protocols, and leveraging knowledge of sensor deployment locations. The document proposes a new scheme using sequential probability ratio testing to detect mobile replica nodes based on analyzing the speeds between consecutive location claims from sensor nodes. This approach aims to quickly detect replica nodes compared to existing techniques.
This document summarizes research on detecting replica nodes in wireless sensor networks. It first discusses how adversaries can create replica nodes by compromising sensor nodes and stealing their keying materials. It then reviews various approaches for replica node detection, including using tamper-resistant hardware, randomized efficient distributed protocols, and leveraging knowledge of sensor deployment locations. The document proposes a new scheme using sequential probability ratio testing to detect mobile replica nodes based on analyzing the speeds between consecutive location claims from sensor nodes. This approach aims to quickly detect replica nodes compared to existing techniques.
Studying the Impact of Ubiquitous Monitoring Technology on Office Worker Beha...sipcworkshop
Here are some potential discussion questions based on the document:
- How can researchers address privacy and ethical concerns to facilitate greater data sharing?
- What policies or guidelines could encourage collaboration and data sharing between different disciplines?
- How might simulation and predictive modeling be combined with qualitative analysis to develop a more holistic understanding of user behavior?
- What opportunities exist to leverage location/flow data to improve workplace efficiency, while also considering potential unintended social/behavioral impacts?
- How can researchers effectively communicate uncertainties and limitations in their findings to practitioners considering real-world deployment of monitoring technologies?
The document highlights both the value of cross-disciplinary collaboration through data sharing, as well as important open questions around privacy,
Soft computing is an emerging approach to computing that aims to model human-like decision making through techniques like fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. It allows for imprecision, uncertainty, and approximation to achieve practical and robust solutions. Soft computing deals with problems that are too complex or undefined to model mathematically. It is well-suited for real-world problems where ideal solutions do not exist.
Data Mining In Support Of Fraud ManagementScattareggia
Data mining is a superposition of rapidly evolving disciplines, including statistics and
artificial intelligence which are the two most emerging among many others. This article
clarifies the meaning of the main technical terms which can make it more difficult to
understand the methods of analysis, and in particular, those used for the prediction of the
phenomena of interest and the construction of appropriate predictive models. Fraud
management, as well as other industrial applications, relies on data mining techniques to
perform fast decision making according to the scoring of the fraud risks. The concepts
contained in this article come from the work done by the author, during the preparation of
the workshop on data mining and fraud management, held in Rome in the auditorium of
Telecom Italia on September 13, 2011.
This document discusses techniques for building predictive fraud detection models using data mining. It provides context on key concepts like inductive reasoning, Bayesian probability, and evaluating predictive models. The document aims to clarify technical terms to better understand fraud prediction methods and model construction. It emphasizes balancing model precision and recall to optimize fraud detection while controlling costs.
Data Allocation Strategies for Leakage DetectionIOSR Journals
This document summarizes data allocation strategies for detecting data leakage when sensitive data is distributed through trusted agents. It proposes injecting "fake but genuine-looking" data along with real data to improve the ability to detect if leakage occurs and identify the agent responsible. Various allocation algorithms are presented, including random selection and maximizing the difference between agents' probabilities of guilt. Empirical results show the average detection metric is improved when fake data is used compared to no fake data. The strategies aim to detect leakage without modifying the original data, unlike traditional watermarking techniques.
Exploring the role of DSA in Zero Knowledge Proof22f2000330
Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) allow a party to prove possession of information without revealing that information. They use data structures like Merkle trees and polynomial commitments to optimize proof generation and verification. Merkle trees provide efficient proof of data membership while polynomial commitments enable succinct verification of computations. ZKPs see increasing use for privacy in applications like blockchain transactions, voting, and medical records by verifying validity without disclosing sensitive details.
In sequence Polemical Pertinence via Soft Enumerating RepertoireIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of soft computing techniques in image forensics. It begins by defining soft computing as a multi-disciplinary field involving fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, and probabilistic reasoning. It then discusses several soft computing techniques - fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms - and how they can help address challenges in image forensics by dealing with imprecision and uncertainty. The document concludes that soft computing tools show promise for analyzing the large amounts of data involved in supply chain management problems and aiding managers' decision making. It identifies several areas, such as customer demand management, that have not been extensively explored but could benefit from additional research applying soft computing.
IRJET-In sequence Polemical Pertinence via Soft Enumerating RepertoireIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of soft computing techniques in image forensics. It begins by defining soft computing as a multi-disciplinary field involving fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, and probabilistic reasoning. It then discusses several soft computing techniques - fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms - and how they can help address challenges in image forensics by dealing with imprecision and uncertainty. The document concludes that soft computing tools show promise for analyzing the large amounts of data involved in supply chain management problems and aiding managers' decision making in complex environments. It identifies several areas where further research could help improve solutions or develop new approaches by integrating additional algorithms.
Skin Infection Detection using Dempster-Shafer TheoryAndino Maseleno
Skin infections still remain common in many rural communities in developing countries, with serious economic and social consequences as well as health implications. Directly or indirectly, skin infections are responsible for much disability (and loss of economic potential), disfigurement, and distress due to symptoms such as itching or pain. In this research, we built a Skin Infection Expert System for detecting skin infections and displaying the result of detection process. We describe five symptoms as major symptoms which include blister, itch, scaly skin, fever, and pain in the rash. Dempster-Shafer theory to quantify the degree of belief as inference engine in expert system, our approach uses Dempster-Shafer theory to combine beliefs under conditions of uncertainty and ignorance, and allows quantitative measurement of the belief and plausibility in our identification result.
A Vague Sense Classifier for Detecting Vague Definitions in OntologiesPanos Alexopoulos
The document summarizes a study on developing a classifier to detect vague definitions in ontologies. It describes training a naive Bayes classifier on 2000 WordNet senses labeled as vague or not vague. The classifier achieved 84% accuracy on a test set. It was then used to classify relations in the CiTO ontology, correctly identifying 82% as vague or not vague. While a subjectivity classifier only identified 40% of the same relations accurately. Future work involves improving the classifier and incorporating it into an ontology analysis tool.
This document provides lecture notes on soft computing techniques. It covers four modules:
1) Introduction to neurofuzzy and soft computing, including fuzzy sets, fuzzy rules, fuzzy inference systems
2) Neural networks, including single layer networks, multilayer perceptrons, unsupervised learning networks
3) Genetic algorithms and derivative-free optimization
4) Evolutionary computing techniques like simulated annealing and swarm optimization.
The document discusses key concepts in soft computing like fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms and their applications in areas like control systems and pattern recognition. It also provides references for further reading.
This document provides an overview of a project on data leakage detection. A group of 4 students - Nisha Jain, Ankita Patil, Yogita Patil, and Vidya Shelke - are working on the project under the guidance of Prof. Shilpa Kolte at Saraswati College of Engineering. The project aims to develop algorithms and strategies to distribute data to third parties in a way that improves the ability to identify guilty parties if data is leaked, without modifying the original data. The strategies involve intelligently allocating real and fake data objects to third parties based on their data requests.
SURVEY PAPER ON OUT LIER DETECTION USING FUZZY LOGIC BASED METHODIJCI JOURNAL
Fuzzy logic can be used to reason like humans and can deal with uncertainty other than randomness. Outlier detection is a difficult task to be performed, due to uncertainty involved in it. The outlier itself is a fuzzy concept and difficult to determine in a deterministic way. fuzzy logic system is very promising, since they exactly tackle the situation associated with outliers. Fuzzy logic that addresses the seemingly conflicting goals (i) removing noise, (ii) smoothing out outliers and certain other salient feature. This paper provides a detailed fuzzy logic used for outlier detection by discussing their pros and cons. Thus this is a very helpful document for naive researchers in this field.
Similar to Unification Of Randomized Anomaly In Deception Detection Using Fuzzy Logic Under Uncertainty (20)
Help the Genetic Algorithm to Minimize the Urban Traffic on IntersectionsIJORCS
This document summarizes a research paper that uses genetic algorithms to optimize traffic light timing at intersections to minimize traffic. It first describes modeling traffic light intersections using Petri nets. It then explains how genetic algorithms can be used for optimization by coding the problem variables in chromosomes, defining a fitness function to evaluate populations over generations, and using operators like mutation and crossover. The fitness function aims to minimize average traffic light cycle times based on 14 parameters related to light timing and vehicle wait times at two intersections. The genetic algorithm optimization of traffic light timing parameters is found to improve traffic flow at intersections.
Welcoming the research scholars, scientists around the globe in the Open Access Dimension, IJORCS is now accepting manuscripts for its next issue (Volume 4, Issue 4). Authors are encouraged to contribute to the research community by submitting to IJORCS, articles that clarify new research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in field of computer science.
All paper submissions (http://www.ijorcs.org/submit-paper) are received and managed electronically by IJORCS Team. Detailed instructions about the submission procedure are available on IJORCS website (http://www.ijorcs.org/author-guidelines)
License plate recognition system is one of the core technologies in intelligent traffic control. In this paper, a new and tunable algorithm which can detect multiple license plates in high resolution applications is proposed. The algorithm aims at investigation into and identification of the novel Iranian and some European countries plate, characterized by both inclusion of blue area on it and its geometric shape. Obviously, the suggested algorithm contains suitable velocity due to not making use of heavy pre-processing operation such as image-improving filters, edge-detection operation and omission of noise at the beginning stages. So, the recommended method of ours is compatible with model-adaptation, i.e., the very blue section of the plate so that the present method indicated the fact that if several plates are included in the image, the method can successfully manage to detect it. We evaluated our method on the two Persian single vehicle license plate data set that we obtained 99.33, 99% correct recognition rate respectively. Further we tested our algorithm on the Persian multiple vehicle license plate data set and we achieved 98% accuracy rate. Also we obtained approximately 99% accuracy in character recognition stage.
FPGA Implementation of FIR Filter using Various Algorithms: A RetrospectiveIJORCS
This Paper is a review study of FPGA implementation of Finite Impulse response (FIR) with low cost and high performance. The key observation of this paper is an elaborate analysis about hardware implementations of FIR filters using different algorithm i.e., Distributed Arithmetic (DA), DA-Offset Binary Coding (DA-OBC), Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) and sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) with less resources and without affecting the performance of the original FIR Filter.
Using Virtualization Technique to Increase Security and Reduce Energy Consump...IJORCS
An approach has been presented in this paper in order to generate a secure environment on internet Based Virtual Computing platform and also to reduce energy consumption in green cloud computing. The proposed approach constantly checks the accuracy of stored data by means of a central control service inside the network environment and also checks system security through isolating single virtual machines using a common virtual environment. This approach has been simulated on two types of Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) Quick EMUlator (Qemu), HVM (Hardware Virtual Machine) Xen and outputs of the simulation in VMInsight show that when service is getting singly used, the overhead of its performance will be increased. As a secure system, the proposed approach is able to recognize malicious behaviors and assure service security by means of operational integrity measurement. Moreover, the rate of system efficiency has been evaluated according to the amount of energy consumption on five applications (Defragmentation, Compression, Linux Boot Decompression and Kernel Boot). Therefore, this has been resulted that to secure multi-tenant environment, managers and supervisors should independently install a security monitoring system for each Virtual Machines (VMs) which will come up to have the management heavy workload of. While the proposed approach, can respond to all VM’s with just one virtual machine as a supervisor.
Algebraic Fault Attack on the SHA-256 Compression FunctionIJORCS
The cryptographic hash function SHA-256 is one member of the SHA-2 hash family, which was proposed in 2000 and was standardized by NIST in 2002 as a successor of SHA-1. Although the differential fault attack on SHA-1compression function has been proposed, it seems hard to be directly adapted to SHA-256. In this paper, an efficient algebraic fault attack on SHA-256 compression function is proposed under the word-oriented random fault model. During the attack, an automatic tool STP is exploited, which constructs binary expressions for the word-based operations in SHA-256 compression function and then invokes a SAT solver to solve the equations. The simulation of the new attack needs about 65 fault injections to recover the chaining value and the input message block with about 200 seconds on average. Moreover, based on the attack on SHA-256 compression function, an almost universal forgery attack on HMAC-SHA-256 is presented. Our algebraic fault analysis is generic, automatic and can be applied to other ARX-based primitives.
Enhancement of DES Algorithm with Multi State LogicIJORCS
The principal goal to design any encryption algorithm must be the security against unauthorized access or attacks. Data Encryption Standard algorithm is a symmetric key algorithm and it is used to secure the data. Enhanced DES algorithm works on increasing the key length or complex S-BOX design or increased the number of states in which the information is to be represented or combination of above criteria. By increasing the key length, the number of combinations for key will increase which is hard for the intruder to do the brute force attack. As the S-BOX design will become the complex there will be a good avalanche effect. As the number of states increases in which the information is represented, it is hard for the intruder to crack the actual information. Proposed algorithm replace the predefined XOR operation applied during the 16 round of the standard algorithm by a new operation called “Hash function” depends on using two keys. One key used in “F” function and another key consists of a combination of 16 states (0,1,2…13,14,15) instead of the ordinary 2 state key (0, 1). This replacement adds a new level of protection strength and more robustness against breaking methods.
Hybrid Simulated Annealing and Nelder-Mead Algorithm for Solving Large-Scale ...IJORCS
This paper presents a new algorithm for solving large scale global optimization problems based on hybridization of simulated annealing and Nelder-Mead algorithm. The new algorithm is called simulated Nelder-Mead algorithm with random variables updating (SNMRVU). SNMRVU starts with an initial solution, which is generated randomly and then the solution is divided into partitions. The neighborhood zone is generated, random number of partitions are selected and variables updating process is starting in order to generate a trail neighbor solutions. This process helps the SNMRVU algorithm to explore the region around a current iterate solution. The Nelder- Mead algorithm is used in the final stage in order to improve the best solution found so far and accelerates the convergence in the final stage. The performance of the SNMRVU algorithm is evaluated using 27 scalable benchmark functions and compared with four algorithms. The results show that the SNMRVU algorithm is promising and produces high quality solutions with low computational costs.
Welcoming the research scholars, scientists around the globe in the Open Access Dimension, IJORCS is now accepting manuscripts for its next issue (Volume 4, Issue 2). Authors are encouraged to contribute to the research community by submitting to IJORCS, articles that clarify new research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in field of computer science.
To view complete list of topics coverage of IJORCS, Aim & Scope, please visit, www.ijorcs.org/scope
Welcoming the research scholars, scientists around the globe in the Open Access Dimension, IJORCS is now accepting manuscripts for its next issue (Volume 4, Issue 1). Authors are encouraged to contribute to the research community by submitting to IJORCS, articles that clarify new research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in field of computer science.
Voice Recognition System using Template MatchingIJORCS
It is easy for human to recognize familiar voice but using computer programs to identify a voice when compared with others is a herculean task. This is due to the problem that is encountered when developing the algorithm to recognize human voice. It is impossible to say a word the same way in two different occasions. Human speech analysis by computer gives different interpretation based on varying speed of speech delivery. This research paper gives detail description of the process behind implementation of an effective voice recognition algorithm. The algorithm utilize discrete Fourier transform to compare the frequency spectra of two voice samples because it remained unchanged as speech is slightly varied. Chebyshev inequality is then used to determine whether the two voices came from the same person. The algorithm is implemented and tested using MATLAB.
Channel Aware Mac Protocol for Maximizing Throughput and FairnessIJORCS
The proper channel utilization and the queue length aware routing protocol is a challenging task in MANET. To overcome this drawback we are extending the previous work by improving the MAC protocol to maximize the Throughput and Fairness. In this work we are estimating the channel condition and Contention for a channel aware packet scheduling and the queue length is also calculated for the routing protocol which is aware of the queue length. The channel is scheduled based on the channel condition and the routing is carried out by considering the queue length. This queue length will provide a measurement of traffic load at the mobile node itself. Depending upon this load the node with the lesser load will be selected for the routing; this will effectively balance the load and improve the throughput of the ad hoc network.
A Review and Analysis on Mobile Application Development Processes using Agile...IJORCS
This document provides a review and analysis of mobile application development processes using agile methodologies. It begins with an introduction to agile software development and discusses how agile principles are a natural fit for mobile application development given the dynamic environment. The document then reviews several proposed mobile application development processes that combine agile and non-agile techniques, including Mobile-D, RaPiD7, a hybrid methodology, MASAM, and a Scrum and Lean Six Sigma integration approach. It concludes by noting that while agile methodologies show promise for mobile development, further empirical validation is still needed.
Congestion Prediction and Adaptive Rate Adjustment Technique for Wireless Sen...IJORCS
In general, nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are equipped with limited battery and computation capabilities but the occurrence of congestion consumes more energy and computation power by retransmitting the data packets. Thus, congestion should be regulated to improve network performance. In this paper, we propose a congestion prediction and adaptive rate adjustment technique for Wireless Sensor Networks. This technique predicts congestion level using fuzzy logic system. Node degree, data arrival rate and queue length are taken as inputs to the fuzzy system and congestion level is obtained as an outcome. When the congestion level is amidst moderate and maximum ranges, adaptive rate adjustment technique is triggered. Our technique prevents congestion by controlling data sending rate and also avoids unsolicited packet losses. By simulation, we prove the proficiency our technique. It increases system throughput and network performance significantly.
A Study of Routing Techniques in Intermittently Connected MANETsIJORCS
A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless. These are a kind of wireless Ad hoc Networks that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer Ad hoc Network. The routing approach in MANET includes mainly three categories viz., Reactive Protocols, Proactive Protocols and Hybrid Protocols. These traditional routing schemes are not pertinent to the so called Intermittently Connected Mobile Ad hoc Network (ICMANET). ICMANET is a form of Delay Tolerant Network, where there never exists a complete end – to – end path between two nodes wishing to communicate. The intermittent connectivity araise when network is sparse or highly mobile. Routing in such a spasmodic environment is arduous. In this paper, we put forward the indication of prevailing routing approaches for ICMANET with their benefits and detriments
Improving the Efficiency of Spectral Subtraction Method by Combining it with ...IJORCS
In the field of speech signal processing, Spectral subtraction method (SSM) has been successfully implemented to suppress the noise that is added acoustically. SSM does reduce the noise at satisfactory level but musical noise is a major drawback of this method. To implement spectral subtraction method, transformation of speech signal from time domain to frequency domain is required. On the other hand, Wavelet transform displays another aspect of speech signal. In this paper we have applied a new approach in which SSM is cascaded with wavelet thresholding technique (WTT) for improving the quality of speech signal by removing the problem of musical noise to a great extent. Results of this proposed system have been simulated on MATLAB.
An Adaptive Load Sharing Algorithm for Heterogeneous Distributed SystemIJORCS
This summarizes a research paper that proposes an adaptive load sharing algorithm for heterogeneous distributed systems. The algorithm aims to balance load across nodes by migrating tasks from overloaded nodes to underloaded nodes, taking into account factors like node processing capacities, link capacities, and communication delays. It formulates mathematical models to represent changes in waiting times as tasks are added, completed or migrated between nodes. The goal is to minimize overall response times through decentralized load balancing decisions made locally at each node.
The Design of Cognitive Social Simulation Framework using Statistical Methodo...IJORCS
Modeling the behavior of the cognitive architecture in the context of social simulation using statistical methodologies is currently a growing research area. Normally, a cognitive architecture for an intelligent agent involves artificial computational process which exemplifies theories of cognition in computer algorithms under the consideration of state space. More specifically, for such cognitive system with large state space the problem like large tables and data sparsity are faced. Hence in this paper, we have proposed a method using a value iterative approach based on Q-learning algorithm, with function approximation technique to handle the cognitive systems with large state space. From the experimental results in the application domain of academic science it has been verified that the proposed approach has better performance compared to its existing approaches.
An Enhanced Framework for Improving Spatio-Temporal Queries for Global Positi...IJORCS
This document proposes a framework to improve the processing of spatio-temporal queries for global positioning systems. The framework employs a new indexing algorithm built on SQL Server 2008 that avoids the overhead of R-Tree indexing. It utilizes dynamic materialized views and an adaptive safe region to reduce communication costs and update loads. Caching is used to enhance performance. The notification engine processes concurrent queries using publish/subscribe to group similar queries. Experiments showed the framework outperformed R-Tree indexing.
A PSO-Based Subtractive Data Clustering AlgorithmIJORCS
There is a tremendous proliferation in the amount of information available on the largest shared information source, the World Wide Web. Fast and high-quality clustering algorithms play an important role in helping users to effectively navigate, summarize, and organize the information. Recent studies have shown that partitional clustering algorithms such as the k-means algorithm are the most popular algorithms for clustering large datasets. The major problem with partitional clustering algorithms is that they are sensitive to the selection of the initial partitions and are prone to premature converge to local optima. Subtractive clustering is a fast, one-pass algorithm for estimating the number of clusters and cluster centers for any given set of data. The cluster estimates can be used to initialize iterative optimization-based clustering methods and model identification methods. In this paper, we present a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization, Subtractive + (PSO) clustering algorithm that performs fast clustering. For comparison purpose, we applied the Subtractive + (PSO) clustering algorithm, PSO, and the Subtractive clustering algorithms on three different datasets. The results illustrate that the Subtractive + (PSO) clustering algorithm can generate the most compact clustering results as compared to other algorithms.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
2. Information Sharing System
Test for uncertainty Combining Uncertainty &
Fuzzy Logic
Combining Implementing Randomization technique
Uncertainty &
Randomization Applying Fuzzy Logic
Combining Randomization
& Fuzzy Logic Combining Uncertainty, Fuzzy Logic and Uncertainty
Figure1: Basic Proposed Model
Actual Datum Probable Legitimacy
Fuzzy Membership Value Interviewer
Probableness Level 3 Allocation
Predictability
Systematic Operation Rules Authority
Expectation Allocation
Uncertainty Uncertain
Randomized Fuzzified
Entropy Enviornment Level 2 Assumption Fuzzified
Enviornment
Randomization Assumption Random Fuzzy-Anomaly Neutrality
Uncertainty
Uncertainty Classification Level 1 Categorization
Interviewee Uniformity
Proposed Datum Condition Condition
Figure2: Expanded Proposed Model
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY iii. Probing the assumptions
A. Fuzzified Anomalies for Our Proposed Research It is a critical thought of identifying the associations
Model: based on assumptions towards a competitor by the
corresponding recruiter.
The interception of fuzzified anomaly in the field of
Recruiters selection process can be analyzed as, For example
Base
0 ≤ 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝜇𝜇 𝑡𝑡 (𝑥𝑥) ≤ 1
Association
i. Specify the range of conditions Platform Independent Correspondent
Polymorphism Application of
Candidate Answer at the time‘t’ holds the membership Features of Java Encapsulation Base Features
function. Inheritance
ii. Classification and categorization Classes and Objects
Table I: Membership value assignments Abstractness
Factor-X Membership value μt (x) Figure3: Association Rules sample
Fully knowledged* 0.900 to 1.000
Recruiter Selection
Maximized knowledge 0.800 to 0.899
Desired knowledge 0.700 to 0.799 Assumption Deceiver
Sufficient knowledge 0.600 to 0.699 =>Association of the following
Average knowledge 0.500 to 0.599 ∗ cues identification (verbal and non verbal)
Partial knowledge 0.400 to 0.499 ∗ Test mode –self explanation
Show-off knowledge 0.300 to 0.399
∗ Critical questions
∗ Concentration on each counter output
Minimized knowledge 0.200 to 0.299
∗ Usage of Ranking / comparison
Poor knowledge 0.100 to 0.199
Null knowledge* 0.000 to 0.099 iv. Operational rules
* Null and fully knowledge of values 0.000 & 1.000 If (More Quantified Data) Then
are subject to constraints of Ideal machine. If (Gestural Deception) Then
If (Verbal DD) Then
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3. 10 S.Rajkumar, V.Narayani, Dr.S.P.Victor
lim 𝑝𝑝 log 𝑝𝑝 = 0
𝑝𝑝→0
If (Non-verbal/modal DD) Then
If (Contradictory Results) Then
The proof of this limit can be quickly obtained
Deception Detection= true
𝑛𝑛
applying LHospital’s rule.
𝐻𝐻(𝑥𝑥) = − � 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 ) log 𝑏𝑏 𝑝𝑝( 𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 )
v. Allocation of Boolean sets
𝑁𝑁 𝑁𝑁
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴(𝑥𝑥) = 𝜋𝜋 � �𝛼𝛼 𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥)𝛽𝛽𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥)�
𝑖𝑖=1
𝑖𝑖=1 𝑗𝑗 =1
C. Randomness-Entropy for Our Proposed Research
𝑁𝑁 𝑁𝑁
+ 𝜋𝜋 � �𝛼𝛼 𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥)𝛾𝛾𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥)� /2𝑁𝑁
Model:
ii) Las vegas Algorithm
𝑖𝑖=1 𝑘𝑘=1 Las Vegas algorithm is a randomized algorithm that
always gives correct results; that is, it always produces
N = Number of testing components/ Questions the correct result or it informs about the failure. The
αi = Assumption for an candidate with an initial setting usual definition of a Las Vegas algorithm includes the
of α1(x) =1 as a deceiver restriction that the expected run time always be finite,
βj = Non verbal communication when the expectation is carried out over the space of
γk = verbal communication random information, or entropy, used in the algorithm.
0 <= Alloc(x) = μt (x) <= 1 The complexity class of decision problems that have
Las Vegas algorithms with expected polynomial
Where Alloc(x) =1 represents deceiver and Alloc(x) =
runtime is ZPP.(Zero-error Probabilistic Polynomial
0 represents non deceiver.
Time) It turns out that
𝑍𝑍𝑍𝑍𝑍𝑍 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 � 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 −1
vi. Statistical probability
Deceivers most probably use the recurrence
strategic tokens during their responses. Let us class. RP-Randomized Polynomial complexity class
consider the collection of sentences CR(s) consisting and its inverse as CO-(RP) or RP-1 which is intimately
of a sequence of N words such as (r1, r2, …, rN), then connected with the way Las Vegas algorithms are
the probability for the occurrence of CR(s) can be sometimes constructed. Namely the class RP is
𝑁𝑁
computed as randomized polynomial time consists of all decision
𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝑅 (𝑠𝑠) = 𝜋𝜋 𝑃𝑃 (𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 /𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖−𝑛𝑛+1 , … . , 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖−1 )
problems for which a randomized polynomial-time
𝑖𝑖 = 1
algorithm exists that always answers correctly when
the correct answer is "no", but is allowed to be wrong
where 𝑃𝑃(𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 /𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖−𝑛𝑛+1 , … . , 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖−1 ) = frequency (𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖−𝑛𝑛+1 , … . , 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 ) /
with a certain probability bounded away from one
frequency (𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖−𝑛𝑛+1 , … . , 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖−1 )
when the answer is "yes". Thus Las vegas plays its
vital role in decision making.
B. Randomness-Entropy for Our Proposed Research D. Random Uncertainty Evaluation for Our Proposed
Model: Research Model
Shannon denoted the entropy H of a discrete The uncertainty has a probabilistic basis and
𝐻𝐻(𝑋𝑋) = 𝐸𝐸(𝐼𝐼(𝑋𝑋))
random variable X with possible values {x1, ..., xn} as, reflects incomplete knowledge of the quantity. All
measurements are subject to uncertainty and a
measured value is only complete if it is accompanied
Here E is the expected value, and I is by a statement of the associated uncertainty .The
the Information content of X. I(X) is itself a random output quantity denoted by Z is often related to input
variable. If p denotes the probability mass quantities denoted by X1, X2,…,XN in which the true
function of X then the entropy can explicitly be written values of X1, X2,…,XN are unknown. Then the
as. uncertainty measurement function Z(x) = f(X1, X2, …,
1
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛
𝐻𝐻(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 )𝐼𝐼(𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 ) = � 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 ) log 𝑏𝑏 = − � 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 ) log 𝑏𝑏 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 )
XN) Consider estimates X1, X2, …, XN respectively
𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖 ) towards X1, X2,…, XN based on certificates, reports,
𝑖𝑖=1 𝑖𝑖=1 𝑖𝑖=1
references, alarms and assumptions. Each Xi ~
where b is the base of the logarithm used. Common prob. Distribution
values of b are 2, Euler's number e, and 10, and the
unit of entropy is bit for b = 2, nat for b = e, and dit (or X1 _ Z(x) = X1+X2
digit) for b = 10.[3] X2 __ _
In the case of pi = 0 for some i, the value of the
corresponding summand 0 logb 0 is taken to be 0,
which is consistent with the limit:
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4. 10 S.Rajkumar, V.Narayani, Dr.S.P.Victor
The standard uncertainty value for Z(xi) can be Dissatisfied: F-0.5,E-0.75,D-0.99,C to A->1.0
approximated as standard deviation for prob(xi)
Nullified: E -0.5,D-0.75,C-0.99,B to A ->1.0
Table 2: Probability Rating
iii. Explicit / Easier Questionnaire
Knowledge
Interval Rating for a Prob. Expert: J-0.75 I -0.99 H-A -> 1.0
candidate Above average: I-0.75,H-0.99,G-A->1.0
0 – 10 NULL-A 0.0 to 0.1
Average:H-0.75,G-0.99,F-A->1.0
11 – 20 POOR-B 0.1 to 0.2
21 - 30 MINIMIZED-C 0.2 to 0.3 Below average:G-0.75,F-0.99,E-A->1.0
31 - 40 SHOW-OFF-D 0.3 to 0.4 Dissatisfied: F-0.75,E-0.99,D-A->1.0
41 - 50 PARTIAL-E 0.4 to 0.5 Nullified: E-0.75,D-0.99,C-A->1.0
51 – 60 AVERAGE-F 0.5 to 0.6
61 – 70 SUFFICIENT-G 0.6 to 0.7
IV. EXPERIMENT
71 – 80 DESIRED-H 0.7 to 0.8
81 – 90 MAXIMIZED-I 0.8 to 0.9 The research methodology is a combination or a
fusion of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Randomized
91 – 100 FULLY-J 0.9 to 1.0
nature. We want to test the integrity with various
application domains for evaluation and comparison.
i. Standard / Critical Questionnaire The Domain needed for the focusing are as follows,
Expert–.25,I–.5,H-.75,G–.99,F to A – 1.0
1. Matrimonial Centre/Site.
Above AVG–I-.25,H-.5,G-.75,F–.99,E to A – 1.0 2. Spam Mail
3. Jobsite.
Average–H-.25,G–.5,F-0.75, E-0.99, Dto A – 1.0
4. Social Network.
Below AVG–G-.25,F-.5,E-.75,D-.99,Cto A – 1.0 5. SMS system.
6. Advertisements.
Dissatisfied– F-.25,E–.5,D-.75,C-.99,Bto A – 1.0
Nullified–E-0.25, D-0.5, C-0.75 ,B – 0.99 ,A-1.0 DOMAIN 1: Matrimonial Centre / Site
ii. Optimal / Normal Questionnaire Referring a qwer centre at Tirunelveli district,
Tamilnadu, India .A sample of 60 profiles is taken and
Expert: J-0.5 ,I-0.75, H-0.99, G to A -> 1.0 the results are in Table 3.
Above AVG: I-0.5,H-0.75,G-0.99, F to A->1.0 Fuzzy classification implementation derives several
Average:H-0.5,G-0.75,F-0.99, E to A->1.0 components Such as Name, Parent, Image, DOB,Job
Description, Salary, Marital status, qualification, extra
Below AVG: G-0.5,F-0.75,E-0.99,D to A->1.0 curricular activities etc. Based on Uncertainty
measurements we focus on the key factors as follows,
Table-3: Matrimonial Profile Assessment
Deception Possibilities Using Uncertainty Using Fuzzification Using Randomness
Deception
(Expected/ Warnedby owner) Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation
Image >80 % 49/60 9/11 2/2
DOB >70% 38/60 18/22 4/4
Job Description >80% 39/60 18/21 3/3
Salary >90% 52/60 6/8 2/2
Marital status >20% 52/60 8/8 Nil
Qualification >50% 25/60 30/35 5/5
DOMAIN 2: Spam Mail Online commercial, subscription, Entertainment,
Sympathy, donation, softwares, marketing etc. Based
We took a sample of 100 mails. Fuzzy on Uncertainty measurements and randomized datum
classification implementation derives several analysis we focuses on the key factors as follows,
components Such as Attraction, Affection, Intimation,
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5. 10 S.Rajkumar, V.Narayani, Dr.S.P.Victor
Table-4: SPAM MAIL Assessment
Deception Using Using
Using Uncertainty
Deception component Possibilities Fuzzification Randomness
Evaluation
(Expected) Evaluation Evaluation
Prize/Lottery/Travel trip 11 1/11 0/11 -
Friend Invitation 13 1/13 0/13 -
Love/Marriage/Sex 12 2/12 0/12 -
E-shopping 8 3/8 0/8 -
Magazines/Club/Subscription 4 1/4 0/4 -
Movie/Songs/Video/File 6 1/6 0/6 -
downloads
Help self/Others/Sympathy 3 1/3 1/3 0/3
Charity/Welfare/Disaster 3 2/3 1/3 0/3
donation
Games/Play or Download 6 5/6 0/6 -
Advertisements/Marketing 21 10/21 5/21 0/21
Genuine Mails: 13/100
DOMAIN 3: Job Site salary, Expertise, skills, reasons for quit the past job,
organizing capability etc. Based on Uncertainty
We collected some data from ABCD Softech ltd
measurements and randomized datum analysis we
coimbatore-software company where we used HR
focuses on the key factors and implementing the
manager datum for our research purpose. Fuzzy
Fuzzy, Uncertainty and randomness evaluation as
classification implementation derives several
follows,
components Such as Qualification, Experience, Past
Table-5: JOB SITE Profile Assessment
Deception Possibilities Using Uncertainty Using Fuzzification Using Randomness
Deception component
(Expected / Warned by owner) Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation
Qualification >60% 63/100 32/63 32/32
Experience >90% 91/100 15/91 15/15
Drawn salary >80% 86/100 40/86 30/40
Expertise >75% 72/100 21/72 21/21
Reasons for quit prior Job >90% 95/100 80/95 60/80
Genuineness in jobsite datum is of 5 % in all the aspects.
DOMAIN 4: Social Network Fuzzy classification implementation derives several
components such as Qualification, Experience, Age,
Here the datum are organized from 10 of my well
Sex, Location etc. Based on Uncertainty measurements
known friends circle,10 of my third party relation
and randomized datum analysis we focuses on the key
circle,10 of random sample of asdf engg college
factors and implementing the Fuzzy, Uncertainty and
students with initial awareness of our research concept.
randomness evaluation as follows,
Table-6: Social Network Profile Assessment
Deception Possibilities Using Uncertainty Using Fuzzification Using Randomness
Deception component
(Expected) Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation
Age >90 % 17/30 9/17 6/9
Sex >75% 5/30 3/5 3/3
Location >90 % 6/30 3/6 3/3
Job& Qualification >90 % 13/30 4/13 4/4
Name >95 % 28/30 14/28 14/14
DOMAIN 5: SMS-Short Messaging Service classification implementation derives several
components Such as Message length, frequency and
Here the datum are organized from our mobile, well
type etc. Based on Uncertainty measurements and
known friends circle, third party relation circle,
randomized datum analysis we focuses on the key
random sample of asdf engg college students with
factors and implementing the Fuzzy, Uncertainty and
initial awareness of our research concept. Fuzzy
randomness evaluation as follows,
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6. 12 S.Rajkumar, V.Narayani, Dr.S.P.Victor
Table-7: SMS Strategies Assessment
Deception Possibilities Using Uncertainty Using Fuzzification Using Randomness
Deception component
(Expected/Warned by owner) Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation
Message Frequency Often/Rare/Normal OK OK OK
Message length Short maximum ---- OK OK
Message Sender
Forbidden OK OK ----
Age/Sex/Location
Interruption/Interception/
Message Type OK OK OK
Modification/ Fabrication
Fallacy/Attraction/Threat/
Message Motive Trap/ Emotional/Sensitive/ --- OK OK
Informative
Message Multimedia
Audio/ Image/ Video/ Text OK OK ------
content
Regional/Good English/Lazy
Message Language OK OK OK
typist
Message Time Day/Night/Midday/Midnight OK ---- OK
Message Standard Format/
OK OK OK
Model/Prototype Predefined/Customized
Message Mobile
Internal/External OK OK OK
Network
OK- represents deception identification possibility.
DOMAIN 6: Advertisements Advt type, Mode, Pitch, Motive, categorization etc.
Based on Uncertainty measurements and randomized
In this domain the datum are organized from our
datum analysis we focuses on the key factors and
TV, Internet, and Newspapers etc. Fuzzy classification
implementing the Fuzzy, Uncertainty and randomness
implementation derives several components Such as
evaluation as follows,
Table-8: Advertisement Assessment
Deception Possibilities Using Using Using
Deception component (Expected/Warned by Uncertainty Fuzzification Randomness
owner) Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation
Events/Exhibition/Park 20 % 5% 10% 5%
Consumer-Products 30 % 5% 20% 5%
Medicines & Cosmetics 70 % 30% 30% 10%
Land/Real-estate related 90 % 20% 60% 10%
Medicine-Private/Secret disease 90 % 15% 65% 10%
cures
Travel & tourism 20 % 5% 10% 5%
Education related 50 % 10% 30% 10%
Food Related 20 % 4% 10% 6%
Cloth Related 30 % 10% 12% 8%
Government sectors Related 3% 1% 1% 1%
deception detection. At first we applied the
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Randomness towards the Matrimonial site, spam mail,
Our experiment comprises three levels and seven jobsite, social network, and short messaging service
stages which are revealed as follows, and advertisement domains. It identifies the least
At Level-1 we applied the concept of Fuzziness, deception detections but filtering the fair sided datum
Uncertainty and Randomness towards several from our spool of research items. Second we applied
domains; we faced lot of diverging factors which leads the Uncertainty tools for identifying the deception
us to unpredictable characteristics for identifying the detection towards Matrimonial site, spam mail, jobsite,
www.ijorcs.org
7. Unification of Randomized Anomaly in Deception Detection using Fuzzy Logic under Uncertainty 13
social network, and short messaging service and implementation to towards the Matrimonial site, spam
advertisement domains. It provides us tolerable mail, jobsite, social network, short messaging service
detections of deception; third we applied the Fuzziness and advertisement domains. Here Randomness &
concept for identifying the deception detection towards uncertainty produces 50% to 60 % efficiency,
Matrimonial site, Spam mail, jobsite, social network, Randomness & Fuzziness produces 61% to 75 %
and short messaging service and advertisement Fuzziness & uncertainty produces 76% to 90% for
domains. detecting deceptions.
Then at Level -2 we implement the mixture of two Then at Level-3 we implement the Full-fledged
components at a time such that the output filtering combination of Randomness, Uncertainty and
results of first component will be the input for the Fuzziness to towards the Matrimonial site, spam mail,
second component, taking Randomness & Uncertainty, jobsite, social network, and short messaging service
Randomness & Fuzziness and Fuzziness & and advertisement domains. It produces more than 95
Uncertainty are the three stages for this level of % efficiency in detecting deceptions successfully.
Table-9: Performance Assessment
Matrimonial Spam Social Advertise-
Level Stage Success Rate Jobsite SMS
Site Mail Network ment
1 Randomness 20 % 18 % 26 % 31 % 24 % 18 %
1 2 Uncertainty 35 % 36 % 32 % 36 % 34 % 30 %
3 Fuzziness 45 % 44 % 48 % 46 % 43 % 40 %
1 Randomness & Uncertainty 56 % 53 % 53 % 52 % 57 % 56 %
2 2 Randomness & Fuzziness 68 % 71 % 66 % 67 % 63 % 66 %
3 Fuzziness & Uncertainty 79 % 86 % 83 % 87 % 86 % 90 %
Randomness, Uncertainty and
3 1 93 % 92 % 94 % 93 % 96 % 96 %
Fuzziness
VI. CONCLUSION deceptive keywords. In future we will try with experts
in this same area. We suggested this technique for the
Deception detection is an art or a fashion which
police department to use it in their deep core
itself act as a separate course in our new trends of life.
investigations for deception detection.
We consider three major concepts of decision making
components such as fuzzy logic, Uncertainty and Deception is always availabe as an vital part in our
Randomness for our implementation strategies to daily life. But individuals and organizations need not
towards the Matrimonial site, spam mail, jobsite, to be powerless to detect its use against them. This
social network, and short messaging service and paper reflects our computational effort in identifying
advertisement domains. We implement the strategies Deception in its deep core. In future we will
individually, then taking two at time and finally with implement the mixture of Neuro fuzzy, Genetic
all the three components and identifies several results. algorithm,Automata theory and NP-Completeness with
All the components mixture produces excellent results its deep impact.
than taking two at a time moreover taking two at a
time is better than applying in its individual nature. In VII. REFERENCES
This research paper we acquire several information
[1] Alan Ryan -Professional liars - Truth-Telling, Lying
concepts, modality which leads us to vast science of and Self-Deception Social Research, Fall, 1996.
deception detection. So we include the facts which
[2] Bond,c.,F. “A world of lies: the global deception
relates to our concept are identified for processing in
research team”, JournalofCrossculturePsychology
our research. 2006Vol.37(1)60-74.
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Direct communication mode can be analyzed with the Deceptive Verbal Communication”. Journal of
gestures feeling the waves of opponent in an Language and Social Psychology, 2006, vol25(1), 1-22.
exact/accurate mode, whereas video conference can be [4] Gupta, Bina (1995). Perceiving in Advaita Vedanta:
handled with proper care [4].The repetitive plays Epistemological Analysis and Interpretation . Delhi:
varying the speed of presentation analysis is an Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 197. ISBN 81-208-1296-4.
additional skill present in video conference while [5] Pennebaker,J.W,Mehl,M.R.&Niederhoffer,K.
audio chat focuses on the pitch stress and pause time ”Psychological aspects of natural language use: our
gaps of communication response as its primary factors words, ourselves”. Annual Review of Psychology,
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[2]. SMS or Email is blind folded in detecting
deceptions. Subjects in our case ABCD students are [6] Steve Woznaik,L.Simon, 2002. “The art of deception:
unaware of few technically advanced psychometric controlling the human element of security”. Wiley; 1
edition.
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[7] Whissell,C., Fournier,M.,Pelland,R., Weir, D.,&
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[8] Zuckerman, M.,DePaulo, B.M. and Rosenthal,
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