This document discusses principles of effective management and execution from Peter Drucker's book The Effective Executive. It discusses that effectiveness is more important than intelligence alone, and requires insight combined with hard work. It emphasizes managing one's time effectively, focusing on results rather than tasks, building on strengths, concentrating on major priorities, and developing people. Key aspects include recording time use, minimizing meetings and distractions, delegating tasks, developing specialists, and focusing on contributions rather than job titles or authority.
The document summarizes Peter Drucker's views on executive effectiveness from his work "Effective Executive". It discusses that effective executives focus on contribution, make strengths productive, and concentrate on major areas that will produce outstanding results. They also know where their time goes, build on strengths rather than weaknesses, and make effective decisions by focusing on opportunities rather than problems.
The document provides an overview of time management skills for public administrators. It discusses understanding time management and the importance of controlling how one uses time as the most valuable resource. It identifies common misconceptions around time such as thinking one does not have enough time or that time management is simple. It also outlines some symptoms of poor time management like constant rushing or frustration. The document provides strategies for effective time management such as identifying time thieves, different time styles, and approaches like using a time inventory chart or the "six D's" to prioritize tasks.
Peter Drucker was an influential management writer who coined the term "knowledge worker". He argued that effectiveness can be learned through practices like time management, focusing on contribution, making strengths productive, prioritizing tasks, and effective decision-making. In modern organizations, all knowledge workers are essentially executives responsible for results. Drucker outlined realities executives face and how focusing outward on contribution rather than inward can increase effectiveness. Effectiveness is needed by organizations and improves executive performance.
David Ryan Polgar , Humanizing Tech | Center for Internet and Technology Addi...Investnet
The document discusses the issue of workplace distractions and how to create a healthier and more productive work environment. It notes that on average, workers are interrupted every 3 minutes, costing businesses thousands per employee annually in lost productivity. Distractions come both from external sources like emails and messages, as well as internal factors like mobile phone and social media designs that hijack our dopamine reward system. A distracted workplace has negative impacts on employee mental, emotional, and physical health. In order to address this, workplaces need to reduce external distractions and empower workers internally by reassessing what is desired from knowledge workers and establishing ideal conditions to maximize productivity and well-being. Taking a mindful tech approach and keeping focus on human values can
Project Manager/Business Analyst friction and how to overcome it by Penny PullanMaking Projects Work Ltd.
This was a presentation for the IIBA UK Chapter in London on 28th May 2015, based on research presented at the PMI Global Congress earlier in the month.
It looks at the friction that exists between project managers and business analysts, explores why this is so and looks at how to overcome the issues.
Taking regular breaks from repetitive office work provides benefits such as reduced stress and increased productivity. A job analysis identifies priorities and allows even distribution of tasks. Regular breaks, prioritizing tasks, and reducing waste can significantly lower work-related stress. Soft skills like communication, teamwork, and problem solving are also important for effectiveness and should be regularly developed along with technical skills. Maintaining work-life balance through proper time management, communication, and attitude helps individuals and organizations continuously improve.
How to implement meeting decisions successfullyibrahimkoncak
This presentation is on implementing meeting decisions at institutions of any kind. It answers two fundamental questions; Why are some decisions not implemented and How can this be reversed?
The document summarizes Peter Drucker's views on executive effectiveness from his work "Effective Executive". It discusses that effective executives focus on contribution, make strengths productive, and concentrate on major areas that will produce outstanding results. They also know where their time goes, build on strengths rather than weaknesses, and make effective decisions by focusing on opportunities rather than problems.
The document provides an overview of time management skills for public administrators. It discusses understanding time management and the importance of controlling how one uses time as the most valuable resource. It identifies common misconceptions around time such as thinking one does not have enough time or that time management is simple. It also outlines some symptoms of poor time management like constant rushing or frustration. The document provides strategies for effective time management such as identifying time thieves, different time styles, and approaches like using a time inventory chart or the "six D's" to prioritize tasks.
Peter Drucker was an influential management writer who coined the term "knowledge worker". He argued that effectiveness can be learned through practices like time management, focusing on contribution, making strengths productive, prioritizing tasks, and effective decision-making. In modern organizations, all knowledge workers are essentially executives responsible for results. Drucker outlined realities executives face and how focusing outward on contribution rather than inward can increase effectiveness. Effectiveness is needed by organizations and improves executive performance.
David Ryan Polgar , Humanizing Tech | Center for Internet and Technology Addi...Investnet
The document discusses the issue of workplace distractions and how to create a healthier and more productive work environment. It notes that on average, workers are interrupted every 3 minutes, costing businesses thousands per employee annually in lost productivity. Distractions come both from external sources like emails and messages, as well as internal factors like mobile phone and social media designs that hijack our dopamine reward system. A distracted workplace has negative impacts on employee mental, emotional, and physical health. In order to address this, workplaces need to reduce external distractions and empower workers internally by reassessing what is desired from knowledge workers and establishing ideal conditions to maximize productivity and well-being. Taking a mindful tech approach and keeping focus on human values can
Project Manager/Business Analyst friction and how to overcome it by Penny PullanMaking Projects Work Ltd.
This was a presentation for the IIBA UK Chapter in London on 28th May 2015, based on research presented at the PMI Global Congress earlier in the month.
It looks at the friction that exists between project managers and business analysts, explores why this is so and looks at how to overcome the issues.
Taking regular breaks from repetitive office work provides benefits such as reduced stress and increased productivity. A job analysis identifies priorities and allows even distribution of tasks. Regular breaks, prioritizing tasks, and reducing waste can significantly lower work-related stress. Soft skills like communication, teamwork, and problem solving are also important for effectiveness and should be regularly developed along with technical skills. Maintaining work-life balance through proper time management, communication, and attitude helps individuals and organizations continuously improve.
How to implement meeting decisions successfullyibrahimkoncak
This presentation is on implementing meeting decisions at institutions of any kind. It answers two fundamental questions; Why are some decisions not implemented and How can this be reversed?
This document provides information on office and time management. It discusses what time management is, why it is important, and tips for effective time management. Specifically, it defines time management as allocating time to tasks productively and efficiently through planning, goals, and priorities. Good time management can help meet deadlines, improve mental health by reducing stress, and make one a more dependable employee. It also provides tips for time management such as starting on most important tasks, avoiding distractions, taking breaks, and using a calendar.
3. Time Management.pdf for education in managementEsraa364333
This document discusses time management. It begins by defining time and time management. It then outlines objectives of time management and lists benefits such as less stress, increased productivity and better work-life balance. It identifies two main types of time wasters: internal wasters like procrastination and external wasters like interruptions. Strategies are provided for controlling time waste, like planning, prioritizing and avoiding distractions. An example of procrastination is described in detail. The document concludes by asking students to identify time wasters and develop plans to overcome them in their clinical settings.
Mintzberg identified 10 roles that managers fulfill, categorized into informational, interpersonal, and decisional roles. An engineering manager's responsibilities fulfill many of these roles. As an informational role, the engineering manager is responsible for training staff and disseminating information within the organization. As an interpersonal role, the manager leads their department and maintains external contacts. Decisional roles include initiating improvement projects, resolving issues, allocating resources, and participating in negotiations. Effective management requires balancing these various roles.
Mastering the art of delegating requires a big leap of faith but it is necessary if you want to see your startup grow and become profitable.
An element of trust needs to exist between the business owner and its employees for the act of delegating to work. Having the right team in place and learning to work well together can help make it more effective.
1.Which of the following is a desirable strategy for managers aimi.docxhyacinthshackley2629
This syllabus outlines the structure and requirements for an English technical writing course focused on writing within a student's own major or profession. The course consists of three formal papers that build upon each other to form a semester-long project on a topic of the student's choosing. Paper 1 is a proposal and feasibility report that defines a problem and proposed solution. Paper 2 is an annotated bibliography that summarizes sources related to the solution. Paper 3 is a final report that demonstrates workable solutions through integrating the previous papers. The workshop format provides intensive one-on-one support through critique days to develop multiple drafts. Papers are graded individually and combined for a final course grade. Academic integrity is strictly enforced, and plagiarism can
The document summarizes key points from Chapter 1 of an exam on management. It discusses definitions of management, the functions of management including planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. It covers different levels of management from first-line to middle to top management. It also discusses theories on what makes a successful manager versus an effective manager.
This document discusses the importance of awareness in management. It argues that awareness is an elusive but important concept that goes beyond simple understanding. While business schools aim to teach management skills and knowledge, they cannot guarantee a student's success, as human beings are unpredictable. True awareness implies change and is a key competitive advantage for managers. The document proposes 10 attributes that could help anticipate a good manager's success, including initiative, discipline, communication skills, and ability to build networks. Developing one's awareness abilities is important for improving these attributes.
Continuous improvement tools are not limited to a manufacturing environment. Linking together CI and business is not easy but as always the idea is to start with a concept and pilot until it becomes a working usable tool
This document provides guidance on time management and delegation. It examines different views of time, reviews processes for using time effectively, and identifies elements of empowering work environments. The document outlines steps for successful delegation, including establishing desired results, guidelines, accountability, and consequences. It also discusses managing meetings, emails, interruptions, and common time consumers effectively.
Vworkbench – The best time management software.vworkbench
Vworkbench, the finest time management software contains a lot of features that is beneficial in everyday use like Priority Matrix, Timeboxing, Getting Things Done, etc. Get to know about Vworkbench – time management software online through our E-book.
This document discusses ways to build accountable teams. It defines accountability as taking responsibility for one's actions and their consequences. It notes there are three meanings: accountability, responsibility, and commitment. It then outlines six tracks to develop accountability: 1) extending the perimeter of accountability; 2) developing empowerment; 3) developing a results-oriented culture; 4) encouraging innovation and risk-taking; 5) developing agility; and 6) redefining the manager's role to focus on communication, confidence, creation, and competency development through coaching. The overall message is that accountability is a process that requires empowering teams and focusing on collective goals and mutual accountability.
This document provides guidance on how to effectively complete an in-tray or e-tray exercise. It recommends prioritizing tasks based on importance and urgency, delegating less important tasks to others, and monitoring delegated tasks. It also suggests reading all documents before prioritizing to understand interrelationships, and provides sample exercises and questions to practice these skills. The goal is to demonstrate efficient time management and decision-making under pressure.
The document discusses 7 important management practices that are often ignored:
1. Conduct regular in-progress reviews of projects to ensure goals are understood, problems are addressed, and plans are adjusted if needed.
2. Include blank space in project timelines to allow for improvements or task overruns without delaying the whole project.
3. Follow up on all communications and actions to confirm understanding and collect feedback to improve performance.
4. Consider potential risks and unexpected events, not just historical data, by asking "what if" questions.
5. Understand the data used for decisions by requiring clear explanations of how it was collected and analyzed.
6. Don't assume responsibility for problems always lies with subordinates;
1. The document discusses multitasking by managers and provides arguments both for and against the practice. It notes that while multitasking allows managers to seem busy, research shows humans are poor at multitasking and lose productivity when frequently switching between tasks.
2. Good reasons for some multitasking include allocating senior staff part-time to multiple junior staff or handling intermittent tasks, but scheduling multiple ongoing tasks concurrently is generally inefficient.
3. The document advocates scheduling tasks sequentially without overlap to avoid lost productivity from context switching and ensure work products are completed and benefits realized without undue risk.
The document is a term paper submitted by Salman Bin Firoz to Mohammad Atiqul Basher at BRAC University, Bangladesh. The paper focuses on developing a time management training program for students. It includes an introduction, literature review on time management and its importance. It also details a training needs analysis conducted through student surveys. The paper then proposes a time management training program using the game "Habitica" and outlines its development based on Gagne's 9 steps of instructional design. It concludes with a time management matrix and recommendations.
This document discusses Robert Katz's three managerial skills - conceptual skills, human relations skills, and technical skills. It provides details about each skill type, including that conceptual skills are most important for top-level managers, human relations skills are required at all levels, and technical skills are most important for low-level managers. The document also lists additional managerial skills like administrative skills and analytical skills.
FDSeminar Meer doen met minder | 17 maart | BMW Group BeluxFDMagazine
Johan Bohyn (CFO RecoMatics)
Ontdek hoe het digitaliseren van processen en hun papierstroom uw efficiëntie kunnen verhogen en centralisatie in de hand werken. Johan Bohyn legt uit hoe organisaties het evenwicht kunnen bewaren tussen het nieuwe werken en slim werken met een papierarm kantoor en een digitale workflow.
These are the slides (including the exercises) from a 1-day workshop I designed, which covered a range of skills and tools to help managers cope with an increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) world.
Job design involves determining the duties, responsibilities, and relationships involved in a job. It provides information on qualifications and rewards. Key factors in job design include the scope of work, ensuring the job is challenging yet matches the employee's skills, and balancing organizational and individual needs. Techniques for job design include work simplification, job rotation, job enlargement, and job enrichment. The goal is to reduce boredom and monotony while increasing motivation and satisfaction.
CTC refers to the total cost to a company for employing an individual. It includes the gross salary plus mandatory contributions to funds like PF and gratuity. CTC is always higher than the employee's take-home salary due to deductions like income tax. The document outlines various components of CTC like basic salary, HRA, allowances, PF contributions, ESI contributions, bonus, LTA and perquisites. It provides details on the tax treatment and calculation of these different components to arrive at the net salary.
Cost to company (CTC) refers to the total salary package of an employee, including gross salary, allowances, and employer contributions to funds like PF. It does not equal take-home salary due to deductions. CTC is calculated as gross salary plus PF, gratuity, and other employer contributions. Key components that make up gross salary and are taxable include basic salary, DA, HRA, allowances, and bonuses. Deductions include income tax, employee contributions to PF, and other policies to arrive at net take-home salary. Form 16 issued by the employer provides details of income and taxes to file tax returns.
This document provides information on office and time management. It discusses what time management is, why it is important, and tips for effective time management. Specifically, it defines time management as allocating time to tasks productively and efficiently through planning, goals, and priorities. Good time management can help meet deadlines, improve mental health by reducing stress, and make one a more dependable employee. It also provides tips for time management such as starting on most important tasks, avoiding distractions, taking breaks, and using a calendar.
3. Time Management.pdf for education in managementEsraa364333
This document discusses time management. It begins by defining time and time management. It then outlines objectives of time management and lists benefits such as less stress, increased productivity and better work-life balance. It identifies two main types of time wasters: internal wasters like procrastination and external wasters like interruptions. Strategies are provided for controlling time waste, like planning, prioritizing and avoiding distractions. An example of procrastination is described in detail. The document concludes by asking students to identify time wasters and develop plans to overcome them in their clinical settings.
Mintzberg identified 10 roles that managers fulfill, categorized into informational, interpersonal, and decisional roles. An engineering manager's responsibilities fulfill many of these roles. As an informational role, the engineering manager is responsible for training staff and disseminating information within the organization. As an interpersonal role, the manager leads their department and maintains external contacts. Decisional roles include initiating improvement projects, resolving issues, allocating resources, and participating in negotiations. Effective management requires balancing these various roles.
Mastering the art of delegating requires a big leap of faith but it is necessary if you want to see your startup grow and become profitable.
An element of trust needs to exist between the business owner and its employees for the act of delegating to work. Having the right team in place and learning to work well together can help make it more effective.
1.Which of the following is a desirable strategy for managers aimi.docxhyacinthshackley2629
This syllabus outlines the structure and requirements for an English technical writing course focused on writing within a student's own major or profession. The course consists of three formal papers that build upon each other to form a semester-long project on a topic of the student's choosing. Paper 1 is a proposal and feasibility report that defines a problem and proposed solution. Paper 2 is an annotated bibliography that summarizes sources related to the solution. Paper 3 is a final report that demonstrates workable solutions through integrating the previous papers. The workshop format provides intensive one-on-one support through critique days to develop multiple drafts. Papers are graded individually and combined for a final course grade. Academic integrity is strictly enforced, and plagiarism can
The document summarizes key points from Chapter 1 of an exam on management. It discusses definitions of management, the functions of management including planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. It covers different levels of management from first-line to middle to top management. It also discusses theories on what makes a successful manager versus an effective manager.
This document discusses the importance of awareness in management. It argues that awareness is an elusive but important concept that goes beyond simple understanding. While business schools aim to teach management skills and knowledge, they cannot guarantee a student's success, as human beings are unpredictable. True awareness implies change and is a key competitive advantage for managers. The document proposes 10 attributes that could help anticipate a good manager's success, including initiative, discipline, communication skills, and ability to build networks. Developing one's awareness abilities is important for improving these attributes.
Continuous improvement tools are not limited to a manufacturing environment. Linking together CI and business is not easy but as always the idea is to start with a concept and pilot until it becomes a working usable tool
This document provides guidance on time management and delegation. It examines different views of time, reviews processes for using time effectively, and identifies elements of empowering work environments. The document outlines steps for successful delegation, including establishing desired results, guidelines, accountability, and consequences. It also discusses managing meetings, emails, interruptions, and common time consumers effectively.
Vworkbench – The best time management software.vworkbench
Vworkbench, the finest time management software contains a lot of features that is beneficial in everyday use like Priority Matrix, Timeboxing, Getting Things Done, etc. Get to know about Vworkbench – time management software online through our E-book.
This document discusses ways to build accountable teams. It defines accountability as taking responsibility for one's actions and their consequences. It notes there are three meanings: accountability, responsibility, and commitment. It then outlines six tracks to develop accountability: 1) extending the perimeter of accountability; 2) developing empowerment; 3) developing a results-oriented culture; 4) encouraging innovation and risk-taking; 5) developing agility; and 6) redefining the manager's role to focus on communication, confidence, creation, and competency development through coaching. The overall message is that accountability is a process that requires empowering teams and focusing on collective goals and mutual accountability.
This document provides guidance on how to effectively complete an in-tray or e-tray exercise. It recommends prioritizing tasks based on importance and urgency, delegating less important tasks to others, and monitoring delegated tasks. It also suggests reading all documents before prioritizing to understand interrelationships, and provides sample exercises and questions to practice these skills. The goal is to demonstrate efficient time management and decision-making under pressure.
The document discusses 7 important management practices that are often ignored:
1. Conduct regular in-progress reviews of projects to ensure goals are understood, problems are addressed, and plans are adjusted if needed.
2. Include blank space in project timelines to allow for improvements or task overruns without delaying the whole project.
3. Follow up on all communications and actions to confirm understanding and collect feedback to improve performance.
4. Consider potential risks and unexpected events, not just historical data, by asking "what if" questions.
5. Understand the data used for decisions by requiring clear explanations of how it was collected and analyzed.
6. Don't assume responsibility for problems always lies with subordinates;
1. The document discusses multitasking by managers and provides arguments both for and against the practice. It notes that while multitasking allows managers to seem busy, research shows humans are poor at multitasking and lose productivity when frequently switching between tasks.
2. Good reasons for some multitasking include allocating senior staff part-time to multiple junior staff or handling intermittent tasks, but scheduling multiple ongoing tasks concurrently is generally inefficient.
3. The document advocates scheduling tasks sequentially without overlap to avoid lost productivity from context switching and ensure work products are completed and benefits realized without undue risk.
The document is a term paper submitted by Salman Bin Firoz to Mohammad Atiqul Basher at BRAC University, Bangladesh. The paper focuses on developing a time management training program for students. It includes an introduction, literature review on time management and its importance. It also details a training needs analysis conducted through student surveys. The paper then proposes a time management training program using the game "Habitica" and outlines its development based on Gagne's 9 steps of instructional design. It concludes with a time management matrix and recommendations.
This document discusses Robert Katz's three managerial skills - conceptual skills, human relations skills, and technical skills. It provides details about each skill type, including that conceptual skills are most important for top-level managers, human relations skills are required at all levels, and technical skills are most important for low-level managers. The document also lists additional managerial skills like administrative skills and analytical skills.
FDSeminar Meer doen met minder | 17 maart | BMW Group BeluxFDMagazine
Johan Bohyn (CFO RecoMatics)
Ontdek hoe het digitaliseren van processen en hun papierstroom uw efficiëntie kunnen verhogen en centralisatie in de hand werken. Johan Bohyn legt uit hoe organisaties het evenwicht kunnen bewaren tussen het nieuwe werken en slim werken met een papierarm kantoor en een digitale workflow.
These are the slides (including the exercises) from a 1-day workshop I designed, which covered a range of skills and tools to help managers cope with an increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) world.
Job design involves determining the duties, responsibilities, and relationships involved in a job. It provides information on qualifications and rewards. Key factors in job design include the scope of work, ensuring the job is challenging yet matches the employee's skills, and balancing organizational and individual needs. Techniques for job design include work simplification, job rotation, job enlargement, and job enrichment. The goal is to reduce boredom and monotony while increasing motivation and satisfaction.
CTC refers to the total cost to a company for employing an individual. It includes the gross salary plus mandatory contributions to funds like PF and gratuity. CTC is always higher than the employee's take-home salary due to deductions like income tax. The document outlines various components of CTC like basic salary, HRA, allowances, PF contributions, ESI contributions, bonus, LTA and perquisites. It provides details on the tax treatment and calculation of these different components to arrive at the net salary.
Cost to company (CTC) refers to the total salary package of an employee, including gross salary, allowances, and employer contributions to funds like PF. It does not equal take-home salary due to deductions. CTC is calculated as gross salary plus PF, gratuity, and other employer contributions. Key components that make up gross salary and are taxable include basic salary, DA, HRA, allowances, and bonuses. Deductions include income tax, employee contributions to PF, and other policies to arrive at net take-home salary. Form 16 issued by the employer provides details of income and taxes to file tax returns.
Headhunting involves attracting particular experts or employees from other organizations for a position without a public job posting. It is a complex process that should aim to fill long-term skills gaps, not just temporary jobs. Headhunting is commonly used to recruit mid-to-senior level professionals aged 30-40 with specialized expertise. Newspaper ads carry a risk of missing qualified candidates, so recruitment agents also directly target individuals through networking and references. Dissatisfaction with a current boss or lack of skills development/career growth opportunities are common reasons professionals may be open to considering a new role. Effective headhunting for senior roles involves proactive networking, seeking references, tracking professionals' careers online, and building trust through
The document discusses different types of interviews. It describes face-to-face interviews, behavioral interviews, phone interviews, panel interviews, exit interviews, stress interviews, and technical interviews. For behavioral interviews, it provides examples of common behavioral interview questions that ask candidates to describe how they handled past situations and challenges. It also explains the purpose and structure of different interview types like panel, exit, stress, and technical interviews.
How to increase executive's effectiveness.pptx1141SumanHalder
The document provides steps for increasing executive team effectiveness. It discusses that executive teams have two crucial responsibilities - providing business leadership and shaping organizational culture. High performing executive teams are strategic oriented and take a collaborative, corporate-wide perspective. Five steps are outlined to create a highly successful executive team: make a proper diagnosis, establish a sound leadership model, adopt the proper attitude of growth, achieve appropriate interactions, and follow diffusion laws correctly. Effectiveness turns knowledge and insight into outcomes through hard, systematic work.
The scope of jobs for workers over 45 in India has changed significantly over time. In the past, older workers faced age discrimination and a lack of opportunities, often being forced into early retirement or menial jobs. However, as the Indian economy grew, more jobs were created and age discrimination decreased. Now, older Indian workers can find employment across many industries, including government, teaching, healthcare, administration, and volunteering. While ageism and lack of new technical skills pose challenges, overall the job market for older Indians has expanded greatly compared to previous decades.
The document discusses various career options available to students after graduation. It outlines 11 options including careers in digital marketing, post-graduate management programs like MBA and PGDM, event management with PGDEMA, technology fields like M.Tech, human resources with PGDHRM, hotel management, mobile app development, machine learning, computer applications, and becoming a chartered accountant. Each career option is briefly described in terms of eligibility, course duration, roles and responsibilities, earning potential, and demand to help students identify suitable paths based on their interests.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
3. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 3
Little correlation between
a man’s effectiveness,
and his intelligence,
imagination, and knowledge!
Brilliant men are often strikingly
ineffectual!?
Brilliant insight is not by itself an
achievement, and definitely not the
effectiveness.
Mind Impact
4. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 4
Effectiveness <=
Insight + Hard Systematic Work
Frenzy rush around and think that they are creative;
Plodders put on foot in front of the other, and get there first.
Effectiveness is what converts intelligence, imagination, and
knowledge into results!
5. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 5
Types of Work (1)
Manual work => efficiency – ability to do things right.
Knowledge work => effectiveness – ability to get the right things done!
Manual worker can be judged based on
quantity and quality of a defined discrete output.
Producing a lot is what makes the manual worker effective!
Knowledge work can be judged based on
the direction of the output generating activity.
Working on the right things is what makes
the knowledge worker effective!
6. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 6
Types of Work (2)
In the past,
manual workers predominated
in every organization.
Now,
the center of gravity has shifted to
the knowledge worker!
Every knowledge worker is an executive,
and most, but not all, managers are executives.
7. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 7
A non-effective knowledge
worker has a tendency
to become a manual worker,
and
to rush around w/o much
thinking.
Philosophy
8. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 8
In every organization, there are four realities over which the executive
has no control, and has to “cooperate with the inevitable”:
a. The executive’s time
tends to belong to everybody else.
b. The executive has to keep on operating,
unless they take positive action to change the reality.
c. The executive is effective only when
other people make use of what he produces.
d. The executive’s view of outside is limited, as much as
his subordinates tell him.
Important Realities
9. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 9
Effectiveness Can Be Learned!
Effectiveness is a series of practices.
Practices can be learned.
10. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 10
The Five Major Practices of
Effective Management:
1. Effective executives know where their times goes,
and they manage carefully the little time that is under their control.
2. Effective executives focus on “What results are expected of me?”
rather than on “What I have to do?”.
3. Effective executives build on the strengths (on what they can do),
and not on the weaknesses (what they can not do).
4. Effective executives concentrate on the few major areas
where superior performance will produce outstanding results.
5. Effective executives judge based on options,
which are defined carefully.
11. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 11
Effective Executives (1)
- Do not start with their tasks, but with their time!
- Do not start with their plans, they start with where their time actually goes.
Then they cut back the unproductive demands on their time.
- Plans always remain on paper, always remain good intentions.
They seldom turn into achievements!
12. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 12
Effective Executives (2)
Time is the most critical resource of an Effective Executive.
If we rely on our memory, we do not know how our time was spent.
Consequently, an Effective Executive must record his time,
to know where it actually goes,
in order to be able to rationalize its future time spending.
Every executive has to spend a great deal of its time
on things that do not contribute at all
(e.g. official dinners or when the best customer calls).
People around us are time consumers,
and most people are time wasters.
13. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 13
Effective Executives (3)
On the other hand, things get done if one dedicates
non-trivial amounts of time to them.
If executive wants to get to the point where he wants to have an impact,
he needs to spend at least an hour in a meeting with his subordinates.
If one wants to establish a human relationship, one needs infinitely more time!
Relationships with other knowledge workers are especially time consuming.
Without this, knowledge workers loose their enthusiasm, and either become
time servers, or they direct their talents to activities outside the company.
14. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 14
Several hours of continued
and uninterrupted thought – the main
prerequisite for right decision making
(e.g., Sloan says,
“The first thought is always wrong”).
15. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 15
Time Influence (1)
Time has to be recorded in real-time, not from memory.
Only when one records time, one can become
aware of the fact that most of it leaked away on trivia.
Systematic managing of time implies that one gets rid
of time-wasting activities, if one possibly can.
16. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 16
Time Influence (2)
This requires asking oneself a number of diagnostic questions:
a. What would happen if this were not done at all?
This is a way to identify things that need not be done!
One has to learn how to say NO!
Often, people expect you to say no when they invite you.
b. Which activity in my time log could be done by someone else just as well or better?
This is a way to move the burden onto someone else’s shoulder.
Do not forget that delegation exists in management, too.
c. What do I do that wastes your time, without contributing to your effectiveness?
This is a way to determine what and how much of the time of our subordinates we waste.
Very few executives dare to ask this question, because they are afraid of the truth.
17. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 17
Time Influence (3)
Much of the time loss results from poor management and deficient organization
Poor management wastes everybody’s time, but above all, it wastes the manager’s time.
How to identify time-wasters that follow from lack of system or look-ahead?
The first symptom to look for is the recurrent crisis
(a crisis that comes back time after time).
As soon as it happens, mechanisms have to be established,
which make it manageable by a low level clerk
(so it becomes a routine job).
Routine is what makes unskilled people without judgment able to do
what it took a near-genius to do before.
However, to turn such a job into a step-by-step procedure
often times needs an almost-genius.
18. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 18
A clear sign of overstaffing is when management
spends more than 10% of its time on HR issues!
Do not bring in a specialist unless
he is used day in and day out.
Otherwise, he better stays outside!
Tips!
19. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 19
Malorganization
Symptom – excess of meetings!
One either meets or one works. Can not do both at the same time.
It is not brainstorming or asking for help.
In a good organization, there would be no meetings.
Meetings have to be purposely directed.
An undirected meeting is not just a time sink. It is a danger!
Meetings have to be an exception, rather than the rule.
Organization in which one meets all the time is an organization
in which no one gets any work done.
If the time log tells that more than 10% of time
was spent in meetings, one has to start thinking.
20. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 20
Malfunction of Information
It is the best if there is only one item on the agenda of the meeting.
90 minutes (Why)?
Attention span is that long and serious meters
can not be explained/considered in less time!
An Effective Executive never allows an interrupt within these
90 minutes. Why?
Secretary holds each call for 90 minutes,
and the boss schedules 30 minutes of free time, after each
90 minute meeting slot, to respond to all calls and emails.
21. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 21
How to Get Rid of Nuisance?
One day per week, work from home invisible till 10am.
Wake up hours before work, to study important issues!
Time is the scarcest resource, and unless it is managed,
nothing else can be managed.
22. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 22
How Can I Contribute? (1)
Most executives tend to concentrate on the efforts,
rather then on the results.
To give my managers the right info,
so they can make right decisions!
To find out what products will our customers need tomorrow!
23. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 23
How Can I Contribute? (2)
What is the right answer to the following question:
What do you do to justify being on the payroll?
1. I run the accounting department!
2. I have 800 people working under me!
Wrong!
The man who focuses on his position (1st answer)
and on his downward authority (2nd answer)
is not an Effective Executive, and is a subordinate,
no matter how exalted his title and rank!
To ask “What can I contribute?”
is to look for unused potential of the job.
24. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 24
How Can I Contribute? (3)
Effective Executive can contribute in three different areas:
1. Building direct results, mostly profit (before all, profit).
2. Building of values and their reaffirmation
(e.g., family farm versus industrial agriculture).
3. Building and developing people for tomorrow
(people adjust to the level of demand made on them).
The most common cause of executive failure is
inability or unwillingness to change
with the demands of a new position.
25. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 25
How to Make
the Specialist Effective?
- For the knowledge worker to be effective, he has to be specialist.
- Generalists are those who are specialized in several areas,
and know how to generate synergistic effects.
- Most specialists in several areas are not generalists!
26. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 26
Impact of Human Relationship (1)
The right human relationship.
If a good human relationship is developed in a company,
this is because the executive focuses on his contribution,
and not because he has a “talent for people”.
Warm feelings and pleasant words are meaningless,
if there is no achievement!
27. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 27
Impact of Human Relationship (2)
Four basic requirements
of effective human relations:
a. Communications
b. Teamwork
c. Self-development
d. Development of others
28. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 28
Communications
Typical questions that induce a strong
bottom-up communication:
- What is the best utilization of your knowledge and ability?
- What should we expect of you?
- How can I be useful to you?
29. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 29
Teamwork
The more sophisticated the knowledge work,
the more is the teamwork needed.
Remember, one bad apple can spoil all good apples!
So, the more sophisticated the knowledge work,
the more carefully one has to select team members!
30. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 30
Self-Development
If one asks himself:
- What is the most important contribution I can make
to the performance of the organization I belong to?
He is actually asking himself:
- What self-development do I need?
31. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 31
Development of Others
If employees demand little of themselves,
they will remain stunted.
If they demand a good deal of themselves,
they will grow to a giant stature
(with not much more effort than expected by non-achievers)!
32. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 32
The Effective Meeting (1)
Each meeting/presentation/report has a goal/purpose:
1. Decision
2. Giving information or getting informed
3. Making clear to ourselves what we should be doing
The goal/purpose of the meeting
has to be thought through
and spelled out before
the meeting is called,
a presentation is organized,
or a report is asked for.
33. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 33
The Effective Meeting (2)
If the intention was to make things clear to ourselves,
it is a “brainstorming” and the more bright ideas the participants have,
the more successful the meeting is.
If the intention was something else and it turns into everybody having
“bright” ideas, it is called a “bull meeting”,
and the more “bright” ideas the participants have,
the less successful the meeting is!
At the end of each meeting, one must go again
to the “opening statement”, to double-check
if the final conclusions are in-line with original intentions!
34. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 34
Meetings - Rules of Importance
- You either come to listen to important things being said,
or you come and take part and you talk; you can not do both!
- You must have a wider view!
- You must keep the focus from the start to the end!
This is the cardinal rule!
If a meeting turns into chaos, the top level man is to be blamed!
35. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 35
Making Strength Productive
One can not build on weaknesses of the organization;
one can build only on the strengths of the organization!
Make the weaknesses irrelevant.
Make the strength productive.
Do not hire because of the lack of weaknesses;
hire because of an important strength!
The first approach staffs you with mediocrity;
the second one with a winning team!
36. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 36
Strong People Always Have
Strong Weaknesses, too!
People with no weaknesses are often incompetent!
No executive has ever suffered because his subordinates
were stronger than him.
Only very strong men dare to think that way!
Effective Executive knows that his subordinates are paid to perform,
and not to please their superiors!
37. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 37
Of course, everyone knew that these men were better in the following sense:
For each activity, Carnegie was able to find a person by far better than him, an the
was the master who combined all these activities into a great success story.
On the tombstone of Andrew Carnegie
(the father of US steal):
“Here lies a man who knew how to bring into his
service men better than he was himself”.
38. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 38
Important Questions
Effective Executive never asks himself:
“How does he get along with me?”
He asks: “What does he contribute?”
Each person can contribute in only one area!
Universal geniuses do not exist!
Effective Executive always checks first what a man can do well,
and then demands that to be done.
39. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 39
Why Executives Pick
a Wrong Associate?
The main reason is that the immediate task of the executive
is not to place a man, but to fill a job;
then they place the “least misfit” or they
change the job description – both wrong!
Another frequent reason: Hiring friends – wrong!
Even worse to turn colleagues into friends!
Successful men like Roosevelt, Sloan, Lincoln
had no “friend” in their Cabinet, although they were warm men
in need of close human relationships, but they keep it off the job.
A rare reason: because they follow the above rules inflexible!
Exceptions always exist!
40. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 40
How to Pick a Right Associate?
1. Do not start with the assumption that jobs are created by nature of God;
instead they have been designed by fallible men.
Often they look logical on paper, but can not be filled.
Typical for jobs created to match a person.
Symptom: Several hires did not succeed.
The Effective Executive first must make sure that the job is well designed.
2. Make big and demanding jobs.
Divide and conquer applies only to non-sophisticated jobs.
Only such jobs enable men to rise to the new demands of a changed situation
(job requirements keep changing).
3. Effective Executive starts with a what a man can do, and not with what a job requires.
Be positive! Work changes people. Work brings health!
4. In order to get strength, one has to put up weaknesses!
41. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 41
How Do I Manage My Boss?
If the boss is not promoted, you will be bottled behind him.
If the boss is fired, it is rarely a young man behind him
who comes to his position.
If the boss is promoted, you go up, too.
Tell him what is wrong,
in a way that will not hurt his feelings!
42. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 42
People are Either
Readers or Listeners
Do not waste your time trying to talk to a reader,
or to send email to a listener!
Note that some people learn
while they talk (Roosevelt, Churchill);
so, make them talk about their improvements!
All of us are “experts” on other people,
so changing your boss is doable;
only, make sure that you attack strengths,
and not weaknesses!
43. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 43
Making Yourself Effective
People are always aware of what they are not allowed
or supposed to do! As a result, they waste time
by complaining about what they can not do.
Effective Executive tries to improve on what he can do!
Be positive!
44. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 44
Some People Work the Best
Under Pressure
Others work better if they have great deal of time,
and can finish the job well before the deadline!
Know yourself and adapt your work policies to that!
It is easier to rise performance of one leader,
then of a whole mass.
45. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 45
If There is One Secret to Effectiveness,
it is Concentration
Effective executives do the first thing first,
and they do one thing at the time.
- Why?
There is always more contributions to do,
then the time available, so you can not do all;
if you can not do all, you must do the highest rank first!
46. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 46
The Major Problem is:
What is the Right Ranking?
That depends on the general strategy,
and the criteria within that strategy.
Example:
NL is typically awarded to an absent minded prof!
Always ask yourself: “Is this worth Doing?”
47. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 47
Multitasking
Some people are the best in one task at the time!
Others like two at the time, timesharing.
Three, only if single-minded concentration on
one task at a time!
This is the secret of those who do so many things successfully!
48. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 48
How Much Time to Assign?
More than expected,
because unexpected always happens;
the unexpected is indeed the only thing
that one can confidently expect.
49. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 49
Priorities and Posteriorities
What tasks to tackle, and what not?
Know how to forget!
Setting posteriorities in not easy,
because every posteriori is someone’s priority!
50. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 50
Priorities
Courage rather than analysis
dictates the truly important rules
for identifying priorities:
1. Pick the future as against the past.
2. Focus on opportunity rather than a problem.
3. Choose your own direction,
rather then climbing on the bandwagon.
4. Aim high, rather than on something
easy and “safe”.
51. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 51
The Elements of Decision Making
Effective Executives do not make great many decisions;
they concentrate on the few important ones;
they think about strategic and generic,
rather than problem solving.
The most time consuming step in the process
is not to make the decision, but to put it into effect.
52. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 52
Elements
of the Decision Making Process
1. Clear realization that the problem was generic,
and could be solved only by establishing a rule or a principle.
2. Definition of the boundary conditions of the solution.
3. Thinking about what is right.
4. Building onto the decision of the action to carry it out.
5. Feedback.
53. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 53
Effective Decisions
Decision is a choice between alternatives.
It is rarely a choice between right and wrong.
It is typically a choice between alternatives
of which none is provably better.
54. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 54
Many Books State That
One Has to Start with Facts
Actually, one has to start with opinions
(untested hypotheses).
Often the method is: Producing disagreement!
Disagreement is needed to stimulate imagination!
So, the effective decision maker organizes disagreement.
55. /56 Elektrotehnicki fakultet, Beograd 55
Decision Making and
the Computer
The computer will force executives to make, as true decisions,
what is today made mostly as on-the-spot adaptations.
The greatest impact of the computer lies in its limitations.
95