The article lists the results of investigation of mistakes made by programmers using C++ and OpenMP. Static analysis is offered for automatic detection of these errors. The description of VivaMP analyzer integrating into Visual Studio environment and implementing the set task is described.
The article describes a new direction in development of static code analyzers - verification of parallel programs. The article reviews several static analyzers which can claim to be called "Parallel Lint".
Debugging and optimization of multi-thread OpenMP-programsPVS-Studio
The task of familiarizing programmers with the sphere of developing parallel applications is getting more and more urgent. This article is a brief introduction into creation of multi-thread applications based on OpenMP technology. The approaches to debugging and optimization of parallel applications are described.
This document discusses exception handling in .NET. It defines what exceptions are, how they are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks, and common exception types in .NET like IndexOutOfRangeException and NullReferenceException. It explains that exceptions allow error handling code to be separated from the main program logic and that finally blocks ensure cleanup code is always executed.
There are three types of errors in programming: syntax errors, run-time errors, and logic errors. Syntax errors occur when code violates rules and prevent programs from running. Run-time errors are unpredictable and can be trapped using error handling. Logic errors produce unexpected results and are hardest to find, requiring debugging tools. Visual Basic provides debugging aids like breakpoints, stepping, and watch expressions to help locate logic errors.
Tracking my face with matlab ws word formatGaspard Ggas
This document summarizes the development of a face tracking technique using video processing and the Kalman filter in MATLAB. The author captured a video of their face moving, then developed code to segment the face from each frame, recognize it as a blob, represent it with bounding box coordinates, and track its position over time using Kalman filtering. Key steps included background subtraction segmentation, blob detection recognition, extracting bounding box representation, and implementing Kalman filtering for tracking within MATLAB's tracking framework. The results showed the tracker successfully following the face as it moved in and out of frames.
This document discusses debugging basics, including the types of errors that can occur (syntax vs semantic), common debugging tools in Visual Studio like breakpoints and stepping through code, differences between debug and release builds, and using conditional attributes and blocks to include debugging code only in debug builds. It also mentions just-in-time debugging and new tools like BrowserStack for cross-browser debugging.
Solutions manual for absolute java 5th edition by walter savitchAlbern9271
Solutions manual for absolute java 5th edition by walter savitch
Full clear download( no error formatting) at:
https://goo.gl/Aic8JR
absolute java 5th edition pdf free
absolute java 5th edition by walter savitch pdf
absolute java 5th edition solutions pdf
absolute java 6th edition solutions pdf
absolute java programming projects solutions
pearson absolute java 5th ed walter savitch 2012 pdf
walter savitch absolute java 4th edition or newer addison wesley 3rd edition is also fine
When developing web applications with PHP and MySQL, errors can occur in the HTML, PHP code, SQL queries, or MySQL. To debug issues, first determine the problem area. Common PHP errors include logical errors, runtime errors, and syntactical errors. SQL errors are usually due to incorrect syntax. Debugging techniques include checking that the correct page is being run, saving changes, using the URL to run PHP pages, displaying PHP errors, logging errors to files, and commenting out lines of code.
The article describes a new direction in development of static code analyzers - verification of parallel programs. The article reviews several static analyzers which can claim to be called "Parallel Lint".
Debugging and optimization of multi-thread OpenMP-programsPVS-Studio
The task of familiarizing programmers with the sphere of developing parallel applications is getting more and more urgent. This article is a brief introduction into creation of multi-thread applications based on OpenMP technology. The approaches to debugging and optimization of parallel applications are described.
This document discusses exception handling in .NET. It defines what exceptions are, how they are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks, and common exception types in .NET like IndexOutOfRangeException and NullReferenceException. It explains that exceptions allow error handling code to be separated from the main program logic and that finally blocks ensure cleanup code is always executed.
There are three types of errors in programming: syntax errors, run-time errors, and logic errors. Syntax errors occur when code violates rules and prevent programs from running. Run-time errors are unpredictable and can be trapped using error handling. Logic errors produce unexpected results and are hardest to find, requiring debugging tools. Visual Basic provides debugging aids like breakpoints, stepping, and watch expressions to help locate logic errors.
Tracking my face with matlab ws word formatGaspard Ggas
This document summarizes the development of a face tracking technique using video processing and the Kalman filter in MATLAB. The author captured a video of their face moving, then developed code to segment the face from each frame, recognize it as a blob, represent it with bounding box coordinates, and track its position over time using Kalman filtering. Key steps included background subtraction segmentation, blob detection recognition, extracting bounding box representation, and implementing Kalman filtering for tracking within MATLAB's tracking framework. The results showed the tracker successfully following the face as it moved in and out of frames.
This document discusses debugging basics, including the types of errors that can occur (syntax vs semantic), common debugging tools in Visual Studio like breakpoints and stepping through code, differences between debug and release builds, and using conditional attributes and blocks to include debugging code only in debug builds. It also mentions just-in-time debugging and new tools like BrowserStack for cross-browser debugging.
Solutions manual for absolute java 5th edition by walter savitchAlbern9271
Solutions manual for absolute java 5th edition by walter savitch
Full clear download( no error formatting) at:
https://goo.gl/Aic8JR
absolute java 5th edition pdf free
absolute java 5th edition by walter savitch pdf
absolute java 5th edition solutions pdf
absolute java 6th edition solutions pdf
absolute java programming projects solutions
pearson absolute java 5th ed walter savitch 2012 pdf
walter savitch absolute java 4th edition or newer addison wesley 3rd edition is also fine
When developing web applications with PHP and MySQL, errors can occur in the HTML, PHP code, SQL queries, or MySQL. To debug issues, first determine the problem area. Common PHP errors include logical errors, runtime errors, and syntactical errors. SQL errors are usually due to incorrect syntax. Debugging techniques include checking that the correct page is being run, saving changes, using the URL to run PHP pages, displaying PHP errors, logging errors to files, and commenting out lines of code.
Operators and control statements in Java allow programmers to perform mathematical operations, make logical comparisons, and control program flow. The document discusses the different types of operators in Java including arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, and ternary operators. It also covers the different types of control statements for decision making (if, if-else, switch) and looping (while, for, do-while loops). Examples are provided to illustrate how each operator and control statement is used.
This document provides an overview of iterative and recursive algorithms. It begins with defining iterative algorithms as executing steps in iterations to find successive approximations of a solution. Key aspects of iterative algorithms discussed include loop invariants, typical errors, and different types of iterative methods. Recursion is then introduced as algorithms that call themselves with smaller inputs and solve larger cases based on smaller cases. Examples of recursive algorithms are provided for computing even numbers, powers of 2, sequential search, and testing natural numbers. In summary, the document covers the basic concepts and structures of iterative and recursive algorithms through definitions, examples, and comparisons between the two approaches.
This chapter discusses control structures in Java programming, including selection structures like if/else statements and switch statements. It covers logical and relational operators, comparing strings, and how to properly use the syntax for if/else and switch statements. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use these control structures to write programs that can evaluate conditions and branch the program flow accordingly.
This document describes revisions made to a document on shared objects and concurrent objects. It lists 6 revisions by Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu between 5/12/2013 and an edited version 2.0. It then provides sections on shared objects and synchronization, properties of mutual exclusion including the producer-consumer problem and readers-writers problem, realities of parallelization, mutual exclusion, thread solutions, bounded timestamps, concurrent objects, linearizability, and the Java memory model.
This document contains 15 multiple choice questions about loops, conditionals, and other control structures in Java. Key points covered include:
1) A for loop automatically increments the counter after each iteration.
2) A do-while loop will always execute the code at least once, even if the conditional statement is never true, unlike a regular while loop.
3) Loops are useful because they allow code to be repeated a variable number of times until a certain condition is met.
The document outlines a course on problem solving with computers that covers topics like control structures, functions, pointers, object-oriented programming, inheritance, and managing console I/O operations across 5 modules taught over a period of 30 contact hours from April 13th to May 1st, with tests, assignments, and a final exam comprising the assessment. It discusses different programming constructs like sequences, selections, loops, and decisions that form the basis of writing computer programs to solve problems. The document also provides examples of code snippets to demonstrate printing output, taking user input, and performing basic arithmetic operations like addition in C++.
This document provides an introduction to algorithms including definitions, characteristics, and the design process. It defines an algorithm as a finite set of unambiguous instructions to solve a problem. Key points:
- Algorithms must have input, output, be definitive, finite, and effective.
- The design process includes understanding the problem, developing a solution algorithm, proving correctness, analyzing efficiency, and coding.
- Examples of algorithm types are approximate, probabilistic, infinite, and heuristic.
- Pseudocode is commonly used to specify algorithms more clearly than natural language alone.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It begins by explaining the different types of errors that can occur: syntax errors, logic errors, and runtime errors. It then demonstrates how to catch runtime errors using try-catch blocks. The document distinguishes between checked and unchecked exceptions, provides examples of built-in exception types, and explains how to declare, throw, and catch exceptions in Java code.
The document discusses different types of repetition structures in Java programming such as while, for, and do-while loops. It covers how to construct and use count-controlled, sentinel-controlled, flag-controlled, and EOF-controlled loops. Examples are provided to illustrate different types of loops and how to choose the appropriate one for a given programming problem.
The document discusses control structures in Java programming, including selection structures like if/else statements and switch statements. It covers logical and relational operators, expressions, and comparing strings. Key topics are relational operators, logical expressions, if/else and switch statement syntax, nested if statements, and the string compareTo() and equals() methods.
This document provides coding challenges related to switch statements in Java. It includes:
1. Three coding challenges - to identify, apply, and reorder/expand switch statements in code.
2. An explanation of switch statements and how they can simplify decision-making compared to if statements.
3. An example of a switch statement written in Java that takes an integer representing a month and prints the corresponding month string. Learners are challenged to complete this code by adding the remaining months.
4. Another coding challenge where learners must correct errors in code for a rock-paper-scissors game to make it run properly. An extension challenge is provided to allow computer gameplay against a human.
This document discusses using a meta framework to build applications in a framework-agnostic way. It describes how a meta framework allows using behavior interfaces instead of framework APIs directly, making it possible to migrate an application to a new framework without changing code. The meta framework would handle aspects like persistence, views, workflows. Modules could implement aspect behaviors to integrate different frameworks.
Templates and Exception Handling in C++Nimrita Koul
This document discusses templates and exception handling in C++. It provides an overview of templates, including why they are used for generic programming and how to define function and class templates. Exception handling in C++ uses try, catch, and throw blocks. The try block contains code that may throw exceptions, catch blocks handle specific exceptions, and throw explicitly throws an exception. The document contains examples of templates, exception handling, and derived class exceptions. It also discusses opportunities available at the School of CIT at Reva University.
The document discusses different tools for analyzing iOS code for bugs and performance issues. It describes the static analyzer as the first line of defense, which finds logic flaws and coding issues by analyzing code similar to a compiler. It then discusses using the Instruments tool on the simulator as the second line of defense for finding memory leaks and performance bottlenecks. Specific Instruments like Allocations, Leaks, and Time Profiler are described for analyzing different types of issues. Command line tools for configuring which static analyzer version is used are also overviewed.
PHPStan is a static code analysis tool that find a new category of bugs that weren't discovered by other tools like SonarQube. In these slides we discuss:
- What is code analysis and its types.
- What do static code analysis tools focus on.
- PHPStan Levels.
- PHPStan setup and configuration.
- Adding PHPStan to GitLab CI/CD pipeline.
This document discusses control statements in Java, including if/else statements, while loops, and for loops. It provides examples of how to use these statements to make choices or repeat processes conditionally. It also covers errors that can occur in loops and debugging strategies. Additional topics include math methods, random number generation, reading/writing text files, and using dialog boxes for input/output.
The document discusses defensive programming and exception handling in object oriented programming. It defines defensive programming as a server object validating parameter values from client requests to prevent incorrect usage. Exception handling involves catching and responding to errors during program execution. The key points covered include checking parameter values, notifying clients of errors, exception hierarchies, and throwing and handling exceptions.
Mobile CRM Webinar: 6 Steps to Mobile ROI for Government AgenciesWaterfall Mobile
Given the importance of delivering meaningful content to a broad audience within the government sector, mobile presents a critical investment for government agencies. However, the mobile ecosystem’s complexity makes it challenging to scope a detailed roadmap. This webinar, from the Msgme Industry Insights series, details exactly how government agencies can be successful using mobile to engage their audience.
The document discusses prototyping and provides examples of different types of prototypes including paper prototypes, digital prototypes, storyboards, role plays, and space prototypes. It explains that prototyping is used to make ideas tangible and test reactions from users in order to gain insights. Prototypes should be iterated on and fail early to push ideas further and save time and money. Both low and high fidelity prototypes are mentioned as ways to test ideas at different stages of the design process.
Operators and control statements in Java allow programmers to perform mathematical operations, make logical comparisons, and control program flow. The document discusses the different types of operators in Java including arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, and ternary operators. It also covers the different types of control statements for decision making (if, if-else, switch) and looping (while, for, do-while loops). Examples are provided to illustrate how each operator and control statement is used.
This document provides an overview of iterative and recursive algorithms. It begins with defining iterative algorithms as executing steps in iterations to find successive approximations of a solution. Key aspects of iterative algorithms discussed include loop invariants, typical errors, and different types of iterative methods. Recursion is then introduced as algorithms that call themselves with smaller inputs and solve larger cases based on smaller cases. Examples of recursive algorithms are provided for computing even numbers, powers of 2, sequential search, and testing natural numbers. In summary, the document covers the basic concepts and structures of iterative and recursive algorithms through definitions, examples, and comparisons between the two approaches.
This chapter discusses control structures in Java programming, including selection structures like if/else statements and switch statements. It covers logical and relational operators, comparing strings, and how to properly use the syntax for if/else and switch statements. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use these control structures to write programs that can evaluate conditions and branch the program flow accordingly.
This document describes revisions made to a document on shared objects and concurrent objects. It lists 6 revisions by Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu between 5/12/2013 and an edited version 2.0. It then provides sections on shared objects and synchronization, properties of mutual exclusion including the producer-consumer problem and readers-writers problem, realities of parallelization, mutual exclusion, thread solutions, bounded timestamps, concurrent objects, linearizability, and the Java memory model.
This document contains 15 multiple choice questions about loops, conditionals, and other control structures in Java. Key points covered include:
1) A for loop automatically increments the counter after each iteration.
2) A do-while loop will always execute the code at least once, even if the conditional statement is never true, unlike a regular while loop.
3) Loops are useful because they allow code to be repeated a variable number of times until a certain condition is met.
The document outlines a course on problem solving with computers that covers topics like control structures, functions, pointers, object-oriented programming, inheritance, and managing console I/O operations across 5 modules taught over a period of 30 contact hours from April 13th to May 1st, with tests, assignments, and a final exam comprising the assessment. It discusses different programming constructs like sequences, selections, loops, and decisions that form the basis of writing computer programs to solve problems. The document also provides examples of code snippets to demonstrate printing output, taking user input, and performing basic arithmetic operations like addition in C++.
This document provides an introduction to algorithms including definitions, characteristics, and the design process. It defines an algorithm as a finite set of unambiguous instructions to solve a problem. Key points:
- Algorithms must have input, output, be definitive, finite, and effective.
- The design process includes understanding the problem, developing a solution algorithm, proving correctness, analyzing efficiency, and coding.
- Examples of algorithm types are approximate, probabilistic, infinite, and heuristic.
- Pseudocode is commonly used to specify algorithms more clearly than natural language alone.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It begins by explaining the different types of errors that can occur: syntax errors, logic errors, and runtime errors. It then demonstrates how to catch runtime errors using try-catch blocks. The document distinguishes between checked and unchecked exceptions, provides examples of built-in exception types, and explains how to declare, throw, and catch exceptions in Java code.
The document discusses different types of repetition structures in Java programming such as while, for, and do-while loops. It covers how to construct and use count-controlled, sentinel-controlled, flag-controlled, and EOF-controlled loops. Examples are provided to illustrate different types of loops and how to choose the appropriate one for a given programming problem.
The document discusses control structures in Java programming, including selection structures like if/else statements and switch statements. It covers logical and relational operators, expressions, and comparing strings. Key topics are relational operators, logical expressions, if/else and switch statement syntax, nested if statements, and the string compareTo() and equals() methods.
This document provides coding challenges related to switch statements in Java. It includes:
1. Three coding challenges - to identify, apply, and reorder/expand switch statements in code.
2. An explanation of switch statements and how they can simplify decision-making compared to if statements.
3. An example of a switch statement written in Java that takes an integer representing a month and prints the corresponding month string. Learners are challenged to complete this code by adding the remaining months.
4. Another coding challenge where learners must correct errors in code for a rock-paper-scissors game to make it run properly. An extension challenge is provided to allow computer gameplay against a human.
This document discusses using a meta framework to build applications in a framework-agnostic way. It describes how a meta framework allows using behavior interfaces instead of framework APIs directly, making it possible to migrate an application to a new framework without changing code. The meta framework would handle aspects like persistence, views, workflows. Modules could implement aspect behaviors to integrate different frameworks.
Templates and Exception Handling in C++Nimrita Koul
This document discusses templates and exception handling in C++. It provides an overview of templates, including why they are used for generic programming and how to define function and class templates. Exception handling in C++ uses try, catch, and throw blocks. The try block contains code that may throw exceptions, catch blocks handle specific exceptions, and throw explicitly throws an exception. The document contains examples of templates, exception handling, and derived class exceptions. It also discusses opportunities available at the School of CIT at Reva University.
The document discusses different tools for analyzing iOS code for bugs and performance issues. It describes the static analyzer as the first line of defense, which finds logic flaws and coding issues by analyzing code similar to a compiler. It then discusses using the Instruments tool on the simulator as the second line of defense for finding memory leaks and performance bottlenecks. Specific Instruments like Allocations, Leaks, and Time Profiler are described for analyzing different types of issues. Command line tools for configuring which static analyzer version is used are also overviewed.
PHPStan is a static code analysis tool that find a new category of bugs that weren't discovered by other tools like SonarQube. In these slides we discuss:
- What is code analysis and its types.
- What do static code analysis tools focus on.
- PHPStan Levels.
- PHPStan setup and configuration.
- Adding PHPStan to GitLab CI/CD pipeline.
This document discusses control statements in Java, including if/else statements, while loops, and for loops. It provides examples of how to use these statements to make choices or repeat processes conditionally. It also covers errors that can occur in loops and debugging strategies. Additional topics include math methods, random number generation, reading/writing text files, and using dialog boxes for input/output.
The document discusses defensive programming and exception handling in object oriented programming. It defines defensive programming as a server object validating parameter values from client requests to prevent incorrect usage. Exception handling involves catching and responding to errors during program execution. The key points covered include checking parameter values, notifying clients of errors, exception hierarchies, and throwing and handling exceptions.
Mobile CRM Webinar: 6 Steps to Mobile ROI for Government AgenciesWaterfall Mobile
Given the importance of delivering meaningful content to a broad audience within the government sector, mobile presents a critical investment for government agencies. However, the mobile ecosystem’s complexity makes it challenging to scope a detailed roadmap. This webinar, from the Msgme Industry Insights series, details exactly how government agencies can be successful using mobile to engage their audience.
The document discusses prototyping and provides examples of different types of prototypes including paper prototypes, digital prototypes, storyboards, role plays, and space prototypes. It explains that prototyping is used to make ideas tangible and test reactions from users in order to gain insights. Prototypes should be iterated on and fail early to push ideas further and save time and money. Both low and high fidelity prototypes are mentioned as ways to test ideas at different stages of the design process.
10 Insightful Quotes On Designing A Better Customer ExperienceYuan Wang
In an ever-changing landscape of one digital disruption after another, companies and organisations are looking for new ways to understand their target markets and engage them better. Increasingly they invest in user experience (UX) and customer experience design (CX) capabilities by working with a specialist UX agency or developing their own UX lab. Some UX practitioners are touting leaner and faster ways of developing customer-centric products and services, via methodologies such as guerilla research, rapid prototyping and Agile UX. Others seek innovation and fulfilment by spending more time in research, being more inclusive, and designing for social goods.
Experience is more than just an interface. It is a relationship, as well as a series of touch points between your brand and your customer. Here are our top 10 highlights and takeaways from the recent UX Australia conference to help you transform your customer experience design.
For full article, continue reading at https://yump.com.au/10-ways-supercharge-customer-experience-design/
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
Join Rebekah Radice and Katie Lance to learn how to optimize your social networks, the best kept secrets for hot content, top time management tools, and much more!
Watch the replay here: bit.ly/socialmedia-plan
The document discusses how personalization and dynamic content are becoming increasingly important on websites. It notes that 52% of marketers see content personalization as critical and 75% of consumers like it when brands personalize their content. However, personalization can create issues for search engine optimization as dynamic URLs and content are more difficult for search engines to index than static pages. The document provides tips for SEOs to help address these personalization and SEO challenges, such as using static URLs when possible and submitting accurate sitemaps.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.
Since multi-core systems are spreading fast, the problem of parallel programming becomes more and more urgent. However, even the majority of experienced developers are new to this sphere. The existing compilers and code analyzers allow finding some bugs, which appear during parallel code development. However, many errors are not diagnosed. The article contains description of a number of errors, which lead to incorrect behavior of parallel programs created with OpenMP.
Testing parallel software is a more complicated task in comparison to testing a standard program. The programmer should be aware both of the traps he can face while testing parallel code and existing methodologies and toolkit.
As a PVS-Studio's developer, I am often asked to implement various new diagnostics in our tool. Many of these requests are based on users' experience of working with dynamic code analyzers, for example Valgrind. Unfortunately, it is usually impossible or hardly possible for us to implement such diagnostics. In this article, I'm going to explain briefly why static code analyzers cannot do what dynamic analyzers can and vice versa. Each of these analysis methodologies has its own pros and cons; and one cannot replace the other, but they do complement each other very well.
Finding bugs in the code of LLVM project with the help of PVS-StudioPVS-Studio
About two months ago I wrote an article about the analysis of GCC using PVS-Studio. The idea of the article was as follows: GCC warnings are great, but they're not enough. It is necessary to use specialized tools for code analysis, for example, PVS-Studio. As proof of my words I showed errors that PVS-Studio was able to find the GCC code. A number of readers have noticed that the quality of the GCC code, and its diagnosis, aren't really great; while Clang compiler is up to date, of high quality, and fresh. In general Clang is awesome! Well, apparently, it's time to check LLVM project with the help of PVS-Studio.
The article describes principles on which implementation of the static code analyzer VivaMP is based. The described set of testing logical conditions allows you to diagnose some errors in parallel programs created on the basis of OpenMP technology.
This document contains lecture notes on error handling in Visual Basic .NET. It discusses the different types of errors that can occur, including syntax errors, logical errors, and run-time errors. It introduces exception handling in VB.NET using Try/Catch blocks to trap errors. Specific exception classes are described that can be used to trap different error types. Finally, it discusses using the Throw statement to raise custom exceptions. The notes provide an overview of using exceptions to prevent programs from crashing and make them more robust.
The tool for programmers VivaMP is intended for helping OpenMP-based parallel software developers. The article gives a brief description of the program product.
In this article I'm going to show you some examples explaining why physicists developing software products to be used in their field should also use static code analysis tools. I would be glad to see PVS-Studio in this role, but any other analyzer would do as well, of course. A code analyzer can significantly reduce the debugging time and headache from silly mistakes. Isn't it better when you can focus on physics rather than waste time seeking and fixing bugs in C++ applications?
Building of systems of automatic C/C++ code loggingPVS-Studio
Sometimes logging of an application's events is the only debugging method. The logging method's disadvantage is the large size of the code which you have to write manually to save the whole necessary information. The article touches upon the method allowing you to build a system of automatic logging of C/C++ code.
This document provides an overview of applet programming in Java. It discusses the basics of applets including the applet lifecycle, differences between applications and applets, parameters in applets, and the delegation event model. It also covers input/output in applets, using the repaint() method, and creating buttons and text fields. The document includes examples of a simple applet class and using an applet viewer to test applets.
This document describes the development of a face tracking technique using MATLAB. Video of a face was captured and converted to an AVI format for use in MATLAB. A Kalman filter tracker was implemented using MATLAB functions for segmentation, recognition, representation, tracking, and visualization. The tracker successfully tracked the face in the video as it moved in and out of frame. Results are shown through sample output images demonstrating the tracker following the face movement.
PVS-Studio team is about to produce a technical breakthrough, but for now let...PVS-Studio
Static analysis is most useful when it is done on a regular basis. Especially when the project is rapidly developing, like the Blender project, for example. Now it's time to check it once more, and see what suspicious fragments we'll find this time.
Dusting the globe: analysis of NASA World Wind projectPVS-Studio
Sometimes it is useful to look back to see how helpful the analyzer was to old projects, and which errors can be avoided in good time, if the analyzer is regularly used. This time our choice was NASA World Wind project, which was being developed on C# until 2007.
This document discusses Java applets, which are small Java applications that run inside web browsers. It describes how applets are embedded in webpages using the <applet> tag and can be passed parameters. The document outlines the applet architecture and lifecycle methods like init(), start(), paint(), stop(), and destroy(). It also discusses how applets can display information in the browser status window.
This document discusses program analysis methods and the Valgrind tool. It begins with an introduction to program analysis, including dynamic and static analysis. It then provides an example of bad code containing bugs and demonstrates how Valgrind can detect these bugs, such as invalid reads, writes, and memory leaks. The document also covers some limitations of Valgrind and describes additional tools in Valgrind for profiling and thread error detection. It concludes with sections on how Valgrind works using binary translation and an intermediate representation, as well as tuning Valgrind through suppression files and client requests.
The Ultimate Question of Programming, Refactoring, and EverythingAndrey Karpov
Yes, you've guessed correctly - the answer is "42". In this article you will find 42 recommendations about coding in C++ that can help a programmer avoid a lot of errors, save time and effort. The author is Andrey Karpov - technical director of "Program Verification Systems", a team of developers, working on PVS-Studio static code analyzer. Having checked a large number of open source projects, we have seen a large variety of ways to shoot yourself in the foot; there is definitely much to share with the readers. Every recommendation is given with a practical example, which proves the currentness of this question. These tips are intended for C/C++ programmers, but usually they are universal, and may be of interest for developers using other languages.
The Ultimate Question of Programming, Refactoring, and EverythingPVS-Studio
Yes, you've guessed correctly - the answer is "42". In this article you will find 42 recommendations about coding in C++ that can help a programmer avoid a lot of errors, save time and effort. The author is Andrey Karpov - technical director of "Program Verification Systems", a team of developers, working on PVS-Studio static code analyzer. Having checked a large number of open source projects, we have seen a large variety of ways to shoot yourself in the foot; there is definitely much to share with the readers. Every recommendation is given with a practical example, which proves the currentness of this question. These tips are intended for C/C++ programmers, but usually they are universal, and may be of interest for developers using other languages.
The document discusses syntax error handling in compiler design. It describes the main functions of an error handler as error detection, error reporting, and error recovery. There are three main types of errors: logic errors, run-time errors, and compile-time errors. Compile-time errors occur during compilation and include lexical errors, syntactical errors, semantical errors, and logical errors. The document also discusses different methods for error recovery, including panic mode recovery, phase level recovery, using error productions, and global correction.
Similar to VivaMP, system of detecting errors in the code of parallel C++ programs using OpenMP (20)
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
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VivaMP, system of detecting errors in the code of parallel C++ programs using OpenMP
1. VivaMP, system of detecting errors in the
code of parallel C++ programs using
OpenMP
Authors: Alexey Kolosov, Andrey Karpov, Evgeniy Ryzhkov
Date: 20.11.2009
At present, Viva64 and VivaMP software products are included in PVS-Studio as parts of it and are no
longer distributed as separate applications. Please use PVS-Studio program to obtain the necessary
possibilities of code verification.
Abstract
The article lists the results of investigation of mistakes made by programmers using C++ and OpenMP.
Static analysis is offered for automatic detection of these errors. The description of VivaMP analyzer
integrating into Visual Studio environment and implementing the set task is described.
1. Introduction
According to the survey by Evans Data company conducting surveys among software developers, the
general number of programmers will be 17 million people by 2009[1]. Currently, 40% of them use C++
and 70% are involved in development of multi-thread applications now or are planning to start it during
the year [2]. According to the same survey 13,2% of these developers think that the main problem of
these developments is the lack of software tools for creation, testing and debugging of parallel
applications. Consequently, 630.000 programmers are directly interested in solving the task of
automatic search of errors in the source code.
The aim of this work is to create a static code analyzer intended for automatic detection of such errors.
The research considered C++ language for it is the code in this language to which high-performance
requirements are made. As support of OpenMP technology is embedded into Microsoft Visual Studio
2005 and 2008 and some specialists believe that it is OpenMP that will gain the greatest popularity [3],
we considered this very technology (which is used also for C and Fortran languages besides C++).
Analysis of reviews of debuggers for parallel programs shows that the situation in this sphere is far from
an ideal. Concerning debugging of programs written in C++ and using OpenMP, TotalView and Intel
Thread Checker are mentioned. But both tools are intended for dynamic operation mode. Until recently
the procedure of static analysis of OpenMP programs hasn't been mastered. Perhaps, the only example
we can give is rather a quality diagnosis provided by Sun Studio compiler. VivaMP static analyzer has
taken this place.
2. Using static analysis for debugging of parallel programs
Most of the currently existing tools for debugging parallel programs are dynamic analyzers presupposing
direct execution of the program being analyzed. This approach has some advantages but there are
disadvantages too.
2. Dynamic analysis presupposes data collection only during execution of a program, and consequently it is
not guaranteed that the whole code will be tested. Moreover, when using this approach a programmer
must repeat the same actions many times or use tools of automatic testing to imitate user's actions.
Besides, during dynamic analysis the code of the application being debugged is tooled and this reduces
the program's performance and sometimes can cause failures. As collection and analysis of information
is performed, as a rule, at the end of dynamic analysis to increase performance, in case of a critical error
in the analyzed application all the results will be lost.
Finally, dynamic analysis doesn't always allow you to detect a concrete code fragment leading to
unexpected behavior.
Static analysis allows you to look through the whole source code of an application, detects dangerous
code sections and doesn't require additional efforts from a programmer. The disadvantage of static
analysis is that it doesn't allow you to check behavior depending on a user. False responses are one
more problem and reduction of their number demands additional efforts when developing the analyzer.
The issue of using static analysis when developing parallel programs is considered in detail in the article
[4].
VivaMP analyzer uses tree walk analysis. Besides, there are other types of static analysis implying
modeling of execution of a program, calculation of possible values of variables and ways of code
execution. Static analysis as a means of diagnosing errors in parallel programs was chosen because this
approach allows us to detect many errors which dynamic analyzers fail to diagnose. Now let's consider
the errors themselves in detail.
3. Errors diagnosed
The list of possible errors not detected by Visual Studio compiler has been composed as the result of
research of the works devoted to parallel programming using OpenMP and also on the basis of the
authors' personal experience. All the errors can be divided into four main categories:
• Insufficient knowledge of OpenMP syntax.
• Insufficient understanding of OpenMP's operation principles.
• Incorrect work with memory (unprotected access to main memory, absence of synchronization,
incorrect variable-access mode etc).
• Performance errors.
The first three types of errors are logic errors which lead to change of the program's working logic, to
unexpected results and (in some cases) to program crash. The last category unites errors leading to
performance decrease.
Let's give examples of errors of each category and their brief description.
3.1. Absence of parallel key-word
Let's consider a simplest error which can occur because of incorrect writing of OpenMP directives. As
these directives have rather a complex format, any programmer can make this mistake due to this or
that reason. The example of correct and incorrect code is given in Figure 1.
// Incorrect:
3. #pragma omp for
... // for loop
// Correct:
#pragma omp parallel for
... // for loop
// Correct:
#pragma omp parallel
{
#pragma omp for
... // for loop
}
Figure 1. Example of an error caused by absence of parallel key-word
The fragment of incorrect code given above will be successfully compiled by the compiler even without
any warnings. The incorrect directive will be ignored and the loop following it will be executed only by
one thread. No paralleling will take place and it will be difficult to see this in practice. But the static
analyzer will point at this potentially incorrect code section.
3.2. Incorrect use of locks
If a programmer uses functions like omp_set_lock for synchronizing and/or protecting an object from
simultaneous writing, each thread must contain calls of the corresponding functions omp_unset_lock
and with the same variables. An effort to release a lock captured by another thread or absence of call of
an unlocking function can lead to errors and an eternal waiting during program execution. Let's consider
an example of code (see Figure 2):
// Incorrect:
omp_lock_t myLock;
omp_init_lock(&myLock);
#pragma omp parallel sections
{
#pragma omp section
{
...
omp_set_lock(&myLock);
...
5. #pragma omp parallel sections
{
#pragma omp section
{
...
omp_set_lock(&myLock);
...
omp_unset_lock(&myLock);
...
}
#pragma omp section
{
...
omp_set_lock(&myLock);
...
omp_unset_lock(&myLock);
...
}
}
Figure 2. Example of incorrect use of locks
The first example of incorrect code will lead to an error during execution of the program (a thread
cannot release the variable captured by another thread). The second example will sometimes work
correctly and sometimes lead to a hang. It will depend on what thread finishes last. If it will be the
thread in which lock of the variable is performed without its release, the program will give the expected
result. In all the other cases there will be an eternal waiting for release of the variable captured by the
thread working with the variable incorrectly.
Now let's consider another error in detail and give the corresponding rule for the analyzer.
3.3. Unprotected access to main memory
This error can occur in any parallel program written in any language. It is also called a race condition and
consists in that the value of a shared variable changed simultaneously by several threads can be
unpredictable as the result. Let's consider a simple example for C++ and OpenMP (see Figure 3):
// Incorrect:
6. int a = 0;
#pragma omp parallel
{
a++;
}
// Correct:
int a = 0;
#pragma omp parallel
{
#pragma omp atomic
a++;
}
Figure 3. Example of a race condition
This error can be also detected with the help of the static analyzer. Here is a rule according to which
VivaMP static analyzer can detect this error:
"Initialization or modification of an object (variable) in a parallel block must be considered dangerous if
the object is global in relation to this block (shared for threads)".
To global objects in relation to a parallel block refer:
• Static variables.
• Static class members (not implemented in VivaMP 1.0).
• Variables defined outside a parallel block.
An object can be both a simple-type variable and a class-instance. To operations of object change refer:
• Passing of an object into a function by a non-constant link.
• Passing of an object into a function by a non-constant pointer (not implemented in VivaMP 1.0).
• Change of an object when performing arithmetic operations or assignment operations.
• Call of a non-constant method of an object.
At first sight there is nothing complicated. But to avoid false responses we have to introduce many
exceptions. The code being checked should be considered safe if:
• The code is located outside a parallel block ("parallel" directive is absent).
• Modification of an object is protected by "atomic" directive.
• The code is located in a critical section defined by "critical" directive.
• The code is located in a critical section created by functions of omp_set_lock type.
• The code is located in the block of "master" directive.
• The code is located in the block of "single" directive.
7. • "threadprivate" directive or "private", "firstprivate", "lastprivate" or "reduction" expressions are
applied to an object (variable). This exception doesn't concern static variables and static class
fields which are always shared.
• Initialization or modification of an object is performed inside for operator (inside the operator
itself and not inside the loop body). Such objects are automatically considered private according
to OpenMP specification.
• Modification of an object is performed inside a section defined by section directive.
Following this rule and the listed exceptions the analyzer can detect an error by the code tree.
In conclusion we would like to say that you can find a more detailed list of the errors detected during
researches and more detailed descriptions of them on the site of VivaMP project.
Now let's see the description of the analyzer itself.
4. VivaMP analyzer
VivaMP analyzer was developed on the basis of VivaCore code analysis library and together with Viva64
comprises a single line of products in the sphere of testing resource-intensive applications. Viva64 is
intended for searching errors relating to porting 32-bit software on 64-bit platforms. VivaMP is intended
for testing parallel applications built on the basis of OpenMP technology. Like Viva64, VivaMP integrates
into Visual Studio 2005/2008 development environment adding new commands to the interface. Setting
of the analyzer is performed through the environment-standard mechanism and diagnostic messages
are displayed in the same way as those of a standard compiler - in the windows Error List and Output
Window. Besides, there is a detailed description of errors given in the analyzer's Help system integrating
into Visual Studio Help. Context help is implemented through the standard environment's mechanism.
VivaMP analyzer's interface integrated into Visual Studio environment, is shown in Figure 4.
8.
9. Figure 4. VivaMP interface
At present the first version of the analyzer is released and you can see information about it here:
http://www.viva64.com/vivamp-tool. The first VivaMP version diagnoses 19 errors, and the amount of
10. materials collected and experiments' results allow us to significantly increase this number (minimum
twice) in the next versions. Below are listed brief descriptions of the errors diagnosed:
• Absence of "parallel" key-word.
• Absence of "omp" key-word.
• Absence of "for" key-word (each thread will execute a loop completely, the work won't be
shared between the threads).
• Embedded paralleling of "for" loop.
• Absence of "ordered" directive in an ordered loop.
• Redefining of the number of threads in parallel code.
• Asymmetrical use of locking/unlocking functions.
• Dependence of the code's behavior on the number of threads executing it (use of
"omp_get_num_threads" function in an arithmetic operation).
• Redefining of the ability of embedding paralleling in parallel code.
• Simultaneous use of the shared resource (unprotected function call).
• Use of "flush" directive for pointers.
• Use "threadprivate" directive. The directive is dangerous as it influences the whole file. It is
recommended to use local variables or explicitly define the type of access in each parallel block.
• Unprotected definition of a static variable in parallel code.
• Unprotected simultaneous operation with a variable.
• Simultaneous change of a variable by calling a function.
• Simultaneous change of an object by calling a function.
• A link-type variable cannot be defined as local.
• A pointer cannot be a local variable.
• A variable defined as "lastprivate" is not changed in the lexically last parallel section.
Besides already achieved results, we continue searching new errors. If you, dear colleagues, know some
patterns of such errors we would be glad if you told us about them by using contact information on the
above mentioned site of VivaMP project.
Besides, it would be interesting to test our analyzer on real serious projects using OpenMP technology. If
you are developing such a project and need a code analyzer, please contact us.
References
1. Timothy Prickett Morgan. Evans Data Cases. Programming Language Popularity:
[http://www.viva64.com/go.php?url=190], 14.12.2006.
2. Janel Garvin. Evans Data: Market Situation and Predictions:
[http://www.viva64.com/go.php?url=191], 8.04.2008
3. Michael Suess. Why OpenMP is the way to go for parallel programming:
[http://www.viva64.com/go.php?url=119], 12.08.2006.
4. E.A. Ryzhkov, O.S. Seredin. Using static code analysis technology when developing parallel
programs. Izvestiya TSU. Technical sciences. Issue 3. - Tula: TSU Publishing House, 2008. - 267
pp. Pp. 191 - 196.
5. Alexey Kolosov, Evgeniy Ryzhkov, Andrey Karpov. 32 OpenMP Traps for C++ developers. RSDN
Magazine #2-2008. Pp. 3 - 17.