NIPTE Seminar at US FDA, 16 March 2016.
QBR as an Organizing Principle for the Proposed NIPTE Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Formulations (CEPF)
We are defining the problem too narrowly. Our paradigm of pharmaceutical quality sifted long-ago. We have harmonized on a regulatory methodology for QbD (e.g., ICH Q8). However, with the prevailing ontological gaps (for example as illustrated in the continuing challenges posed with the current FDA’s Inactive Ingredient Database) - How good are the scientific explanations in regulatory submissions? Is quality risk-assessment - metaphysical or an epistemological category?
CHIR Best Brains Exchange 22 January 2016Ajaz Hussain
Quality of drugs manufactured in emerging economies: Are cost containment strategies heightening the likelihood of substandard drugs in Canada?
What regulatory, policy, and/ or governance changes are needed to address new and increased risks?
How can Canada prevent and reduce health risks that emerge when the pharmaceutical industry adopts globalized production strategies?
Behavioral Economics and Managment of Pharmaceutical QbD 25 August 2016Ajaz Hussain
Pharmaceutical knowledge pyramid can be toppled easily!
Serendipitous intersection of Behavioral Economics & CGMP.
Why attention to Behavioral Economics can improve management of QbD work-streams?
How? What (benefits)?
Between regulatory query and response there is Design Space. In that space is our comparability protocol…
Educating the Next Generation Pharmacist for Industry. The Panjab University ...Ajaz Hussain
The Panjab University Pharmaceutical Science Oration 2014: Educating the Next Generation Pharmacist for Industry.
“The dream begins with a teacher who believes in you, who tugs and pushes and leads you to the next plateau, sometimes poking you with a sharp stick called ‘truth’.“
Plato, the Republic
What are the most influential ideas, concepts, and developments introduced by ‘pharmaceutical scientists’ over the last 50 years?
How have these ideas/concepts introduced into practice?
How can we improve?
Chemometrics, Pharmacometrics and Econometrics Dimensions_of_QualityAjaz Hussain
25 May 2012 Basel, Switzerland. A philosophical exploration - Scientific understanding and risk-based regulatory decisions on Quality by Design. How good are the scientific explanations in regulatory submissions? Scientific explanations yield understanding; quality of explanations differ.What role can Chemometrics, Pharmacometics and Econometrics play? Understanding multidisciplinary (cGMP, CMC, Clin. Pharm., Tox., Clinical, Public Health) perspectives on risk is important. Opportunities; only when the disciplinary divides are bridged. Within the regulatory realm how we set specifications and assess risk have progressed incrementally; at this rate the Vision 2020 may be expected to be visible broadly over time, by 2020?
Good Regulators of Pharmaceuticals (GRP) 22 October 2014Ajaz Hussain
Sharing thoughts on what makes a Good Regulator of Pharmaceuticals with pharmacy students at the Universities of Minnesota and Iowa. A point of emphasis on "we all are regulators" is explained and three areas for learning - (a) Systems and Integrative Thinking, (b) Argumentation and (c) Behavioral Economics described.
I hope you, the viewers, will also find some value in reviewing these slides. If you are a student and have some questions please feel free to drop me a email (a2zpharmsci@msn.com).
On FDA’s Guidance on Pharmaceutical Process Validation (2011)lAjaz Hussain
Connectors between Culture – Metrics – Continued Process Verification in Process Validation?
Confidence is a critical quality attribute. CGMP violations erode confidence and increase nocebo effects. Currently – “breaches in assurance of data integrity” is a global concern. Have exposed the prevailing ‘regulator heterogeneity’. Re-building ‘epistemic trust” is difficult generally; more so with US FDA. Some thoughts on how to ....
We are defining the problem too narrowly. Our paradigm of pharmaceutical quality sifted long-ago. We have harmonized on a regulatory methodology for QbD (e.g., ICH Q8). However, with the prevailing ontological gaps (for example as illustrated in the continuing challenges posed with the current FDA’s Inactive Ingredient Database) - How good are the scientific explanations in regulatory submissions? Is quality risk-assessment - metaphysical or an epistemological category?
CHIR Best Brains Exchange 22 January 2016Ajaz Hussain
Quality of drugs manufactured in emerging economies: Are cost containment strategies heightening the likelihood of substandard drugs in Canada?
What regulatory, policy, and/ or governance changes are needed to address new and increased risks?
How can Canada prevent and reduce health risks that emerge when the pharmaceutical industry adopts globalized production strategies?
Behavioral Economics and Managment of Pharmaceutical QbD 25 August 2016Ajaz Hussain
Pharmaceutical knowledge pyramid can be toppled easily!
Serendipitous intersection of Behavioral Economics & CGMP.
Why attention to Behavioral Economics can improve management of QbD work-streams?
How? What (benefits)?
Between regulatory query and response there is Design Space. In that space is our comparability protocol…
Educating the Next Generation Pharmacist for Industry. The Panjab University ...Ajaz Hussain
The Panjab University Pharmaceutical Science Oration 2014: Educating the Next Generation Pharmacist for Industry.
“The dream begins with a teacher who believes in you, who tugs and pushes and leads you to the next plateau, sometimes poking you with a sharp stick called ‘truth’.“
Plato, the Republic
What are the most influential ideas, concepts, and developments introduced by ‘pharmaceutical scientists’ over the last 50 years?
How have these ideas/concepts introduced into practice?
How can we improve?
Chemometrics, Pharmacometrics and Econometrics Dimensions_of_QualityAjaz Hussain
25 May 2012 Basel, Switzerland. A philosophical exploration - Scientific understanding and risk-based regulatory decisions on Quality by Design. How good are the scientific explanations in regulatory submissions? Scientific explanations yield understanding; quality of explanations differ.What role can Chemometrics, Pharmacometics and Econometrics play? Understanding multidisciplinary (cGMP, CMC, Clin. Pharm., Tox., Clinical, Public Health) perspectives on risk is important. Opportunities; only when the disciplinary divides are bridged. Within the regulatory realm how we set specifications and assess risk have progressed incrementally; at this rate the Vision 2020 may be expected to be visible broadly over time, by 2020?
Good Regulators of Pharmaceuticals (GRP) 22 October 2014Ajaz Hussain
Sharing thoughts on what makes a Good Regulator of Pharmaceuticals with pharmacy students at the Universities of Minnesota and Iowa. A point of emphasis on "we all are regulators" is explained and three areas for learning - (a) Systems and Integrative Thinking, (b) Argumentation and (c) Behavioral Economics described.
I hope you, the viewers, will also find some value in reviewing these slides. If you are a student and have some questions please feel free to drop me a email (a2zpharmsci@msn.com).
On FDA’s Guidance on Pharmaceutical Process Validation (2011)lAjaz Hussain
Connectors between Culture – Metrics – Continued Process Verification in Process Validation?
Confidence is a critical quality attribute. CGMP violations erode confidence and increase nocebo effects. Currently – “breaches in assurance of data integrity” is a global concern. Have exposed the prevailing ‘regulator heterogeneity’. Re-building ‘epistemic trust” is difficult generally; more so with US FDA. Some thoughts on how to ....
Pharmaceutical quality decisions are made by multidisciplinary teams (a range of maturity), at different times and in various organizations; understanding of the QbD paradigm and methodology is derived experientially -One Quality Voice is hard to achieve!
Legacy challenges, various ontological assumptions, and weak epistemology curtails knowledge sharing, delays consensus and keeps us trapped in a reactive mode (3rd Order)
The risk of irrational decision making needs to be accounted. ”Cut-paste” or “check-the-box” practices are reminders that we are not achieving an optimal integration or practicing systems thinking.
A reactive approach (3rd Order) to filling the noted gaps poses risk of continued erosion in the confidence the public should have in our assurance of pharmaceutical quality
We need a thoughtful, planned approach to filling these gaps –NIPTE should take on this challenge! Will it?
Excipient Knowledge Management Mumbai 12 March 2015 Part 1 & 2Ajaz Hussain
Why attention to excipient knowledge management (specifically their functionality) is critical to mitigating risks (or to leverage opportunities) posed by the rapidly increasing complexity and uncertainty
Note: Knowledge management in the context of ‘intellectual property’ is not the focus of this talk
Question Based Development to Quality by Design to Continued Process Verification
Does your QbD program delivery confidence in CQA’s?
Does it reduce the risk of development failure?
Does it provide a process which is stable and ‘in control’?
Does it reduce risk of GMP noncompliance?
Are we asking the right question and at the right time?
Totality of Evidence & Theraputic Equivalence 15 October 2016Ajaz Hussain
Put R back in R&D & recognize It is a “complex” product and process!
Invest smartly in analytics, mathematics & statistics, and large sample sizes; and in systems/integrative thinking and data integration
Get to know the RLD – multiple lots; open the door with large sample size
Build capability to justify measured RLD variability is relevant to development of the proposed generic/biosimilar
Exquisite regulatory communication strategy
This is not a ‘complicated process’ for which typical “good practices” will work seamlessly (e.g., typical project management approach); this is a complex process – with multiple interactions and “emergent properties”
Treat it as it is - a complex process and plan; anticipate and address “emergent issues” - in technical, regulatory and legal dimensions; at a certain point be prepared for stakeholder (payers, patient groups,..) communications
We are on a journey to make quality medicines affordable to all. In the 21st Century, this journey will be successful to the extent we recognize that quality has to be built-in by design and that it cannot be tested into products, utilize and improve a global Quality Management System (QMS), and implement science based risk assessment in our decision making. Pharmacopoeias are an integral part of this global QMS and have been setting public or market standards for medical products for many centuries. In the 21st Century, Pharmacopoeias can and should be a champion for the practice of quality by design. To do so most effectively it would be useful to recognize how, in the 21st Century, human factors help and hinder optimal development, and correct interpretation, of public or market standards in design, development, control and manufacturing decisions. To explore this aspect in this presentation, cognitive biases – blind spots or alleys – are collected and organized on topics relevant to this workshop: (a) Impurities & Contaminants, (b) Analytical Method Validation, and (c) Public/market standards and Release Testing. How to confront these biases will be discussed. Steps to help in maximally leveraging the Pharmacopoeias on the 21st Century journey will be highlighted.
IGPA Building a Culture of Quality Ajaz Hussain_5 Sept 2015_Rferences minAjaz Hussain
Improving Confidence in Quality of Medicines . We make two products – medicine and evidence (documents) but many forget this and do not pay attention to documentation.
Level of attention to documentation is a “canary in a coal mine”
Breaches are irrational –”System 1 thinking” and cognitive biases.
Culture of Quality is familiar to all of us – a framework proposed
Quality Metrics – great idea – very much needed; but we are not yet ready for an FDA Guidance.
We must first address our collective blind spots; be confident that process validation truly ensures complexity is sufficiently reduced and that outcomes are predictable.
Part 1: FDA Trends
Background: The little secret – swept under the rug? No more!
Challenge or opportunity: Unprecedented juxtaposition – at the Tipping Point!
Questions: What consideration are needed for building your validation roadmap? Three options: Pathfinder, Standard or Emergency; what will you choose?
Part II: A higher level of confidence in quality assurance : State of Control (stability, capability with statistical confidence)
Case example: Challenges of implementing a roadmap to process capability for some currently commercialized products.
Regulatory Aspects of Continuous Pharmaceutical ManufacturingAjaz Hussain
Digital Pharma Manufacturing RoundtableKronberg, Germany, March 17 2017
A story about manufacturing two products, medicinal product and documented data, and a “little secret”
The IFPAC Session: Controlling excipient impact during the product lifecycle.
Excipients enable the delivery of actives as a pharmaceutical product. Quality by Design requires that the impact of excipient variability on finished product quality be minimized, or, as paraphrased by Tobyn: - What matters doesn’t vary, and what varies doesn’t matter.
This parallels the current practice of categorizing excipients into critical vs non-critical, the assumption being that the latter do not impact the finished product Critical Quality Attributes. This binary classification of criticality has been criticized as too simple and it is not uncommon to observe excursions in finished product quality correlating with variability of a so-called non-critical excipient. The complexity of the excipients, and the products into which they are formulated, contributes to this uncertainty. For excipients, what varies may not have mattered prior to approval, but may come to matter later in the product lifecycle, especially for continuously manufactured products with real time release.
Excipients, even if fully compliant and manufactured under GMP, represent a reservoir of special cause variability in finished product quality. By definition this can only be addressed via the Control Strategy. Risk management requires continuous multivariate monitoring of finished product and raw materials to maintain quality and model fidelity.
Emergency: “No-pain No-gain”
Standard: “Plan Do Check & Act”
Pathfinders: B1: “Don’t Use & Don’t Tell”; no more!
B2: Every vertex can be a Tipping Point
G1: Same and Similar
G2: Synthesis & Analysis
QbD and CoQ IDMA Mumbai 24 March 2015 slideshareAjaz Hussain
IDMA – UL SUMMIT 24 March 2015, Mumbai
"Evolving Quality Culture in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry“: Strengthening Our Culture of Quality
Organizational Culture, Good or Bad?
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance in the 21st Century, Sharper Focus Needed on...Ajaz Hussain
An updated version of the article published in the Financial Express, Express Pharma on 16 May 2016. The picture below is based on a LinkedIn blog by the author entitled
“Pharmaceutical quality: Elephant in the Dark or Six Blind Men?” (September 8, 2015).
Sense of urgency, lessons learned, organizational alignment, team approach, training and an increasing engineering and statistical capability at CDER FDA can be expected to facilitate a move by industry towards continues manufacturing, FDA’s current emphasis on ‘statistical confidence’, Process Validation Guidance 2011, is likely to highlight certain issues (e.g., special causes) within current batch processing; these observation will need to be addressed in an appropriate risk-based manner
Ensuring that pragmatic consideration for specifications & control (intended use) is essential and importance of pragmatic decisions should not be forgotten (e.g., as in case of Design Space Vs. SUPAC), Effective regulatory communication (considering the engineering and statistical emphasis) will be crucial for ensuring regulatory uncertainty is managed in a timely manner,
A platform for assurance & efficiency - Ajaz at USP PCM Mumbai 2017Ajaz Hussain
Why? Assurance is a critical to quality attribute
What? The Little Secret which erodes assurance patients need
How? Rapid development, design space and real-time control; mind shift
Generic non-biological complex drugs DIA CMC Workshop 2017Ajaz Hussain
#DIACMC17
Assigned title for the talk by the organizers:“The need of conducting clinical study for assuring safety and efficacy, as well as a lack of immunogenicity for generic NBCDs”
SUMMARY
Integrated analytical, product and process development to reduce uncertainty in ‘pharmaceutical equivalence’ is the foundation on which confidence in generic drugs rests
Need to leverage the context: RLD “Prescribe-ability” and lot-lot “Switchability” is acceptable
The “sameness” mindset (as opposed to an “equivalence” mindset) poses challenges to evidence ‘synthesis” (not “piece meal” check the box ) in ANDA submissions
Integrated evidence must a priori account for posed/anticipated “legal challenges” intrinsic to the US system
Clinical assessment of Therapeutic Equivalence of generic product intended (i.e., designed) to be equivalent to RLD should only be needed in rare circumstances
When there is a need to provide assurance to non-scientists stakeholders
Currently the FDA’s GADUFA Research and efforts by many in the sector are predominantly focused on developing a “test of bioequivalence”
For most complex products such a test, in and of itself, may be insufficient to ensure therapeutic equivalence over generic product life-cycle
Critical Path Initiative Challenges: FDA ACPS Meeting 19 October 2004Ajaz Hussain
Each section within P2 can have an impact on the other P2 sections and similarly other sections of a submission and to CGMP’s By recognizing this as a complex design system that involves multiple attributes, goals, constraints, multidisciplinary design teams (subsystems), different degrees of uncertainty, risk tolerance, etc., we wish to find opportunities to identify robust designs and design space that provides a sound basis for risk assessment and mitigation
From Roadblocks to Roadmap 2017, with a 2020 VisionAjaz Hussain
In 2015 FDA reorganized OPS to the Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ) and added an emphasis on One Quality Voice. In 2017 novel pharmaceutical technologies, the aspirational 21st Century Cures Act, and the President-elect Trump’s Administration are juxtaposed to re-shape, perhaps radically so, the Critical Path transformation underway since the beginning of this century. How will the Nation’s life-science research priorities change? What should be the next steps to optimally integrate 21st Century Quality, Cures and the Voice of Patients? What can/should NIPTE do next? Do better? Do more -be the third leg of the stool? This report, From Roadblocks to Roadmap 2017, with 2020 Vision, reviews and reflects on strategic directions emphasized by NIPTE in 2016. It recommends ways to strengthen the Voice of NIPTE to advocate its mission more persuasively and to facilitate its members apply their full potential in the interest of the Nation.
Sharpen your Unique Sensing Proclivity: Dissolution is a process in mind and ...Ajaz Hussain
Self-authorship bridging the Academia to Industry (A2I) Gap. The challenge in our systems asking why signifies ignorance. Perhaps until a correction is needed. But after corrective and preventive actions (CAPA) often nothing changes. Errors reoccur and we acquire an “immunity to change.”
Repurposing in the Chaos of 2020 and Validity of Scientific EvidenceAjaz Hussain
Having been focused on manufacturing challenges for most of 2020, taking a time out to think about how best to garner "new prior knowledge" needed to facilitate development of evidence for repurposing option for the SARS-COV-2 cases and COVID-19 disease.
Insights on Culture of Quality What have I Learned 22 September 2015Ajaz Hussain
Why criticality of CGMPs not widely appreciated as expected by the customer (US FDA)?
What “norms” provide reasons to rationalize cGMP deviations?
How a company can re-build lost credibility? Better option improve credibility?
Sharing my learning in dealing with complexity and uncertainty and shed some light on:
(a) Understanding the ‘biosimilar paradox’
(b) Accelerating our “QbD” Journey – focusing on ‘from Generics to Biosimilars’
(c) In preparing this talk, collect my thoughts to help NIPTE consider ways for developing its program on Biosimilars to help the Nation improve assurance of quality with confidence and lower costs
(D) Invite the audience to get to know NIPTE and provide us ways to collaborate with industry
Pharmaceutical quality decisions are made by multidisciplinary teams (a range of maturity), at different times and in various organizations; understanding of the QbD paradigm and methodology is derived experientially -One Quality Voice is hard to achieve!
Legacy challenges, various ontological assumptions, and weak epistemology curtails knowledge sharing, delays consensus and keeps us trapped in a reactive mode (3rd Order)
The risk of irrational decision making needs to be accounted. ”Cut-paste” or “check-the-box” practices are reminders that we are not achieving an optimal integration or practicing systems thinking.
A reactive approach (3rd Order) to filling the noted gaps poses risk of continued erosion in the confidence the public should have in our assurance of pharmaceutical quality
We need a thoughtful, planned approach to filling these gaps –NIPTE should take on this challenge! Will it?
Excipient Knowledge Management Mumbai 12 March 2015 Part 1 & 2Ajaz Hussain
Why attention to excipient knowledge management (specifically their functionality) is critical to mitigating risks (or to leverage opportunities) posed by the rapidly increasing complexity and uncertainty
Note: Knowledge management in the context of ‘intellectual property’ is not the focus of this talk
Question Based Development to Quality by Design to Continued Process Verification
Does your QbD program delivery confidence in CQA’s?
Does it reduce the risk of development failure?
Does it provide a process which is stable and ‘in control’?
Does it reduce risk of GMP noncompliance?
Are we asking the right question and at the right time?
Totality of Evidence & Theraputic Equivalence 15 October 2016Ajaz Hussain
Put R back in R&D & recognize It is a “complex” product and process!
Invest smartly in analytics, mathematics & statistics, and large sample sizes; and in systems/integrative thinking and data integration
Get to know the RLD – multiple lots; open the door with large sample size
Build capability to justify measured RLD variability is relevant to development of the proposed generic/biosimilar
Exquisite regulatory communication strategy
This is not a ‘complicated process’ for which typical “good practices” will work seamlessly (e.g., typical project management approach); this is a complex process – with multiple interactions and “emergent properties”
Treat it as it is - a complex process and plan; anticipate and address “emergent issues” - in technical, regulatory and legal dimensions; at a certain point be prepared for stakeholder (payers, patient groups,..) communications
We are on a journey to make quality medicines affordable to all. In the 21st Century, this journey will be successful to the extent we recognize that quality has to be built-in by design and that it cannot be tested into products, utilize and improve a global Quality Management System (QMS), and implement science based risk assessment in our decision making. Pharmacopoeias are an integral part of this global QMS and have been setting public or market standards for medical products for many centuries. In the 21st Century, Pharmacopoeias can and should be a champion for the practice of quality by design. To do so most effectively it would be useful to recognize how, in the 21st Century, human factors help and hinder optimal development, and correct interpretation, of public or market standards in design, development, control and manufacturing decisions. To explore this aspect in this presentation, cognitive biases – blind spots or alleys – are collected and organized on topics relevant to this workshop: (a) Impurities & Contaminants, (b) Analytical Method Validation, and (c) Public/market standards and Release Testing. How to confront these biases will be discussed. Steps to help in maximally leveraging the Pharmacopoeias on the 21st Century journey will be highlighted.
IGPA Building a Culture of Quality Ajaz Hussain_5 Sept 2015_Rferences minAjaz Hussain
Improving Confidence in Quality of Medicines . We make two products – medicine and evidence (documents) but many forget this and do not pay attention to documentation.
Level of attention to documentation is a “canary in a coal mine”
Breaches are irrational –”System 1 thinking” and cognitive biases.
Culture of Quality is familiar to all of us – a framework proposed
Quality Metrics – great idea – very much needed; but we are not yet ready for an FDA Guidance.
We must first address our collective blind spots; be confident that process validation truly ensures complexity is sufficiently reduced and that outcomes are predictable.
Part 1: FDA Trends
Background: The little secret – swept under the rug? No more!
Challenge or opportunity: Unprecedented juxtaposition – at the Tipping Point!
Questions: What consideration are needed for building your validation roadmap? Three options: Pathfinder, Standard or Emergency; what will you choose?
Part II: A higher level of confidence in quality assurance : State of Control (stability, capability with statistical confidence)
Case example: Challenges of implementing a roadmap to process capability for some currently commercialized products.
Regulatory Aspects of Continuous Pharmaceutical ManufacturingAjaz Hussain
Digital Pharma Manufacturing RoundtableKronberg, Germany, March 17 2017
A story about manufacturing two products, medicinal product and documented data, and a “little secret”
The IFPAC Session: Controlling excipient impact during the product lifecycle.
Excipients enable the delivery of actives as a pharmaceutical product. Quality by Design requires that the impact of excipient variability on finished product quality be minimized, or, as paraphrased by Tobyn: - What matters doesn’t vary, and what varies doesn’t matter.
This parallels the current practice of categorizing excipients into critical vs non-critical, the assumption being that the latter do not impact the finished product Critical Quality Attributes. This binary classification of criticality has been criticized as too simple and it is not uncommon to observe excursions in finished product quality correlating with variability of a so-called non-critical excipient. The complexity of the excipients, and the products into which they are formulated, contributes to this uncertainty. For excipients, what varies may not have mattered prior to approval, but may come to matter later in the product lifecycle, especially for continuously manufactured products with real time release.
Excipients, even if fully compliant and manufactured under GMP, represent a reservoir of special cause variability in finished product quality. By definition this can only be addressed via the Control Strategy. Risk management requires continuous multivariate monitoring of finished product and raw materials to maintain quality and model fidelity.
Emergency: “No-pain No-gain”
Standard: “Plan Do Check & Act”
Pathfinders: B1: “Don’t Use & Don’t Tell”; no more!
B2: Every vertex can be a Tipping Point
G1: Same and Similar
G2: Synthesis & Analysis
QbD and CoQ IDMA Mumbai 24 March 2015 slideshareAjaz Hussain
IDMA – UL SUMMIT 24 March 2015, Mumbai
"Evolving Quality Culture in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry“: Strengthening Our Culture of Quality
Organizational Culture, Good or Bad?
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance in the 21st Century, Sharper Focus Needed on...Ajaz Hussain
An updated version of the article published in the Financial Express, Express Pharma on 16 May 2016. The picture below is based on a LinkedIn blog by the author entitled
“Pharmaceutical quality: Elephant in the Dark or Six Blind Men?” (September 8, 2015).
Sense of urgency, lessons learned, organizational alignment, team approach, training and an increasing engineering and statistical capability at CDER FDA can be expected to facilitate a move by industry towards continues manufacturing, FDA’s current emphasis on ‘statistical confidence’, Process Validation Guidance 2011, is likely to highlight certain issues (e.g., special causes) within current batch processing; these observation will need to be addressed in an appropriate risk-based manner
Ensuring that pragmatic consideration for specifications & control (intended use) is essential and importance of pragmatic decisions should not be forgotten (e.g., as in case of Design Space Vs. SUPAC), Effective regulatory communication (considering the engineering and statistical emphasis) will be crucial for ensuring regulatory uncertainty is managed in a timely manner,
A platform for assurance & efficiency - Ajaz at USP PCM Mumbai 2017Ajaz Hussain
Why? Assurance is a critical to quality attribute
What? The Little Secret which erodes assurance patients need
How? Rapid development, design space and real-time control; mind shift
Generic non-biological complex drugs DIA CMC Workshop 2017Ajaz Hussain
#DIACMC17
Assigned title for the talk by the organizers:“The need of conducting clinical study for assuring safety and efficacy, as well as a lack of immunogenicity for generic NBCDs”
SUMMARY
Integrated analytical, product and process development to reduce uncertainty in ‘pharmaceutical equivalence’ is the foundation on which confidence in generic drugs rests
Need to leverage the context: RLD “Prescribe-ability” and lot-lot “Switchability” is acceptable
The “sameness” mindset (as opposed to an “equivalence” mindset) poses challenges to evidence ‘synthesis” (not “piece meal” check the box ) in ANDA submissions
Integrated evidence must a priori account for posed/anticipated “legal challenges” intrinsic to the US system
Clinical assessment of Therapeutic Equivalence of generic product intended (i.e., designed) to be equivalent to RLD should only be needed in rare circumstances
When there is a need to provide assurance to non-scientists stakeholders
Currently the FDA’s GADUFA Research and efforts by many in the sector are predominantly focused on developing a “test of bioequivalence”
For most complex products such a test, in and of itself, may be insufficient to ensure therapeutic equivalence over generic product life-cycle
Critical Path Initiative Challenges: FDA ACPS Meeting 19 October 2004Ajaz Hussain
Each section within P2 can have an impact on the other P2 sections and similarly other sections of a submission and to CGMP’s By recognizing this as a complex design system that involves multiple attributes, goals, constraints, multidisciplinary design teams (subsystems), different degrees of uncertainty, risk tolerance, etc., we wish to find opportunities to identify robust designs and design space that provides a sound basis for risk assessment and mitigation
From Roadblocks to Roadmap 2017, with a 2020 VisionAjaz Hussain
In 2015 FDA reorganized OPS to the Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ) and added an emphasis on One Quality Voice. In 2017 novel pharmaceutical technologies, the aspirational 21st Century Cures Act, and the President-elect Trump’s Administration are juxtaposed to re-shape, perhaps radically so, the Critical Path transformation underway since the beginning of this century. How will the Nation’s life-science research priorities change? What should be the next steps to optimally integrate 21st Century Quality, Cures and the Voice of Patients? What can/should NIPTE do next? Do better? Do more -be the third leg of the stool? This report, From Roadblocks to Roadmap 2017, with 2020 Vision, reviews and reflects on strategic directions emphasized by NIPTE in 2016. It recommends ways to strengthen the Voice of NIPTE to advocate its mission more persuasively and to facilitate its members apply their full potential in the interest of the Nation.
Sharpen your Unique Sensing Proclivity: Dissolution is a process in mind and ...Ajaz Hussain
Self-authorship bridging the Academia to Industry (A2I) Gap. The challenge in our systems asking why signifies ignorance. Perhaps until a correction is needed. But after corrective and preventive actions (CAPA) often nothing changes. Errors reoccur and we acquire an “immunity to change.”
Repurposing in the Chaos of 2020 and Validity of Scientific EvidenceAjaz Hussain
Having been focused on manufacturing challenges for most of 2020, taking a time out to think about how best to garner "new prior knowledge" needed to facilitate development of evidence for repurposing option for the SARS-COV-2 cases and COVID-19 disease.
Insights on Culture of Quality What have I Learned 22 September 2015Ajaz Hussain
Why criticality of CGMPs not widely appreciated as expected by the customer (US FDA)?
What “norms” provide reasons to rationalize cGMP deviations?
How a company can re-build lost credibility? Better option improve credibility?
Sharing my learning in dealing with complexity and uncertainty and shed some light on:
(a) Understanding the ‘biosimilar paradox’
(b) Accelerating our “QbD” Journey – focusing on ‘from Generics to Biosimilars’
(c) In preparing this talk, collect my thoughts to help NIPTE consider ways for developing its program on Biosimilars to help the Nation improve assurance of quality with confidence and lower costs
(D) Invite the audience to get to know NIPTE and provide us ways to collaborate with industry
Need for an Integrated approach to Formulation Research and Knowledge ManagementAjaz Hussain
1. Confidence in Generics: Need for an Integrated
approach to Formulation Research and Knowledge
Management (Ajaz Hussain)
2. Mechanism for an integrated approach to Formulation
Research, Knowledge Management, & Knowledge
sharing with FDA & Industry (Steve Byrn)
3. Integrated approach for evolving standards for
formulation design - case example NTI's (Ken Morris)
4. Integrated approach for evolving standard for analytical
characterization - case example excipient variability
(Eric Munson)
Pharmaceutical 6 Sigma and QbD May 2005 Ball State UniversityAjaz Hussain
Pharmaceutical product and process quality – what is the current “sigma”?
Challenges in moving towards “6-sigma” levels?
What are the steps necessary for the pharmaceutical continuous improvement journey in the 21st Century?
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) & Waiver of BioequivalenceAjaz Hussain
Graduate Lecture at the University of Maryland (August 2012). Learning Objective: Identify and explain how future regulatory applications of BCS may be realized in the context of ‘Quality by Design’.
Updated July 2013.
I wish to thank all the viewers of my Slideshare presentation of the development and application of the US FDA’s BCS Guidance 2000. Over 11K views have been recorded making this the 2nd highest viewed presentation. FDA is expected to issue a revised BCS draft guidance in the next few weeks. Expected changes include the following:
1. Addition of ‘very rapid’ dissolution criteria (>85% in 15 minutes)
2. Change permeability boundary from 90% to 85%
3. Change the pH solubility range from 1 – 7.5 to 1 – 6.8
4. Possibility of changing paddle speed from 50 to 75 rpm.
5. Additional topics / clarification on FDCs (Fixed Dose Combinations), ODTs (Orally Disintegrating Tablets), MR (Modified Release) products.
6. Update the list of model drugs.
7. Strengthen GI stability requirement.
High variability in PK can be a characteristic of certain drug products which require different from ordinary strategies and study designs for establishing bioequivalence.
Development of Biosimilar Products: Determinants of SuccessAjaz Hussain
After leaving FDA my focus has been on practicing QbD to deliver, in highly uncertain business environments, complex products and the necessary scientific evidence. This presentation comments on firm's ability to successfully develop and introduce into markets.
Regulatory Challenges: Lecture @ University of Michigan 21 Feb 2013Ajaz Hussain
To frame the current challenges in (the implementation of) Pharmaceutical QbD in a manner that will provide you an opportunity to:
(1) Leverage prior learning about medical device QSR to inform and understand key issues in regulation of pharmaceutical QbD
(2) Provide an example of a ‘real world’ uncertainty that you should not hesitate to take-on based on the fundamentals of engineering science and practices you have learned
Pinch-Hitting in Heidelberg 16 October 2013Ajaz Hussain
Last minute request to fill gaps in the program due to US Gov shutdown. Key topics: Process Validation, Continuous Manufacturing, Statistical Confidence, Quality by Design.
Dr Venkateswarlu Memorial Lecture 2015Ajaz Hussain
Purpose of this talk is to request you to consider the following 4 Steps
1. Strengthening the ‘Culture of Quality’ – the focus of this talk
2. Improve efficiency with confidence in controls by integrating India’s engineering and statistical know-how and technologies
3. Working together – ‘One Quality for All’ to say proudly – Made in India: Pharmaceutical Factory to the World
4. Leverage India’s Wisdom Traditions to provide leadership in setting the standards for Integrative Medicine so as to deliver a model of ‘Health Care for All’: Pharmacy to the World.
Pharmaceutical Quality - The Office ofAjaz Hussain
The keynote address at the Fall meeting of the CPPR Industrial Advisory Board and the Site Directors held yesterday (27 October 2014) at Purdue University. The talk provides a perspective on the recent organizational changes announced by FDA CDER - the Office of Pharmaceutical Quality.
Precision Medicine & Biomarkers Leaders Summit - Boston USA - 7th & 8th MayTony Couch
Global Engage is pleased to announce the 2018 Precision Medicine & Biomarkers Leaders Summit USA taking place on May 7-8th in Boston, MA. The event is part of our highly successful Drug Discovery Series which includes conferences on Biologics, Medicinal Chemistry, NASH, Pharmaceutical R&D IT and the Human Microbiome amongst others. It is also the sister meeting of the European Precision Medicine Summit which has run successfully since 2013.
Oral Drug Formulation Innovations 2014Simon Curtis
The Oral Drug Formulation Innovations Summit will examine and showcase the industry's latest formulation and delivery technologies for enhancing solubility and maximizing bioavailability. Leading global formulation experts in both industry and academia will share unique strategies on how to effectively develop poorly soluble drugs into scientifically unique, compliant, patient-centric formulations. Additionally, innovative strategies to significantly reduce product development timelines will be shared, and the latest regulatory requirements will be discussed.
Precision Medicine & Biomarkers Leaders Summit - Boston USA - 7th & 8th MayTony Couch
Tracks focus on R&D strategies, Biomarker development, Immuno-oncology, CDx development, AI and Big data analysis and approaches – Attending this Summit will provide you with the opportunity to mix and interact with experts working in all facets of Precision Medicine through the individual, panel and roundtable discussions on offer.
Following our past four highly successful events, this event focuses on “A Critical Guide for Successfully Conducting “6th Annual Clinical Trials Summit 2015” It gives me great pleasure in welcoming all of you to The Virtue Insight’s “6th Annual Clinical Trials Summit 2015”.
Following our past four highly successful events, this event focuses on “A Critical Guide for Successfully Conducting “6th Annual Clinical Trials Summit 2015” It gives me great pleasure in welcoming all of you to The Virtue Insight’s “6th Annual Clinical Trials Summit 2015”.
Pharma Focus Asia, the leading Pharma Magazine in the industry, provides the latest issue 29 that discusses latest trends happening in the pharma industry. Explore our latest issue to enhance your knowledge. Check our Digital Magazine here: https://goo.gl/FHDDtt
ExL Pharma Clinical Trials Phase I and Phase IIa Conference Brochure: Phase 1...bryonmain
There is a pill or treatment for almost everything, or at least, that is how it seems. However, the amount of effort that goes into a pill or treatment before it is launched is extensive, expensive and often inefficient.
Efficiency and innovation go hand-in-hand with R&D and the development of clinical trials, however, FDA regulations and clinical trial standardization end up stifling these two key factors. This leads to drawn out processes that cost companies hundreds of millions of dollars before the drugs hit the market. Efforts have been made to increase efficiency in phase I/IIA with some companies changing their clinical trial manifestos to suit the available patient population at clinical sites, but more emphasis should be placed on creating more efficient processes for first in human studies by optimizing pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, dosage selection, technological advancements to improve efficacy and structured patient mapping to increase successful trial and patient recruitment opportunities.
This program will give delegates the opportunity to share proven strategies between companies to help increase efficiency in this space and streamline processes to cut down costs. This event will bring together large and small companies and experts in this space to share best practices to decrease the financial drain theses phases have on the overall clinical trial budget. Life science corporations need the most up-to-date tools and practices to increase success by streamlining processes, sharing successful biomarker strategies, anticipating dosing quantities, and optimizing healthy or specialty patient recruitment and retention. Current strategies include patient mapping before organizing and setting up a clinical space, tailoring early phase clinical trials to patient populations, purchasing biological samples from collection companies, and trying to accelerate the process by submitting for breakthrough therapy designation.
Top Reasons To Attend
Identify Compound Development Strategies to Optimize Success in Clinical Trials
Learn Best Practices for Early Decision-Making Through Analysis of Biomarker Utility in Drug Development
Utilize Analytical Technology to Evaluate Multiple Configurations of a Small Molecule to Increase the Feasibility of Drug in Clinical Trials
Implement Adaptive Design in Proof of Concept Studies to Increase Efficiency, Decrease Time and Decrease Overall Cost
Explore the Seamless Development of Phase I to Phase II in Clinical Trials
NINE Case Studies and a Panel Session on Early Phase Clinical Trial Strategies
Precision Medicine & Biomarkers Leaders Summit - Boston USA - 7th & 8th MayTony Couch
This expanding series attracts the leading authorities worldwide working in companion diagnostics, biomarkers, immuno-oncology, liquid biopsies, AI and other facets of precision medicine. It has been praised for its stimulating, interactive and engaging environment where it brings together a multi-disciplined community of researchers, leaders and innovators whose aim is to develop groundbreaking and impactful treatments for patients.
Why you should attend:
1. Learn from in-depth case studies on strategic partnering and effective collaboration
2. Explore new business opportunities and strategies to reach the biosimilars market in the region
3. Gain insights into the regulatory landscape for biosimilars in China, India, Korea, Taiwan and more
4. Gather the latest market intelligence and analysis and identify new trends and opportunities in Biosimilars R&D, contract manufacturing and commercialization in Asia
报名参加的五大理由
1. 深入学习有关与亚洲公司建立战略合作和有效协作的案例研究
2. 探索新的商机和战略,以便进入当地的生物仿制药市场
3. 深入了解中国、印度、韩国、台湾以及更多国家或地区的生物仿制药监管形势
4. 收集最新的市场情报和分析,确定生物仿制药研发、合同制造和商业化在亚洲的新趋势和机会
Hear about:
Biopharma Regulatory Updates and Development
Victoria Elegant, VP Medical & Regulatory Affairs, Baxter, China
Andrea Laslop, Head of Scientific Office, Austrian Agency for Food and Health Safety, Austrian Member, European Medicines Agency
Arvind Mishra, Global Head of Quality & Regulatory & Head of Strategic Business Unit, Biologicals, Cadilla Pharmaceutical, India
Advances in Biosimilars R&D
Jeffrey Su, CSO, Cytovance Biologics, USA
Wenzhi Tian, CEO, Huabo Biopharma, China
Ming Wang, President and COO, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, China
Feng Li, CEO, Beijing Mabworks, China
Shaligram Rane, Vice President for Quality, Intas Pharmaceuticals, India
Understanding Obstacles and Hurdles for Entering the Biosimilars Market
Khai Meng Ang, Vice President Asia, Hospira, China
Jason Li, Senior Director, Genor Biopharma, China
Sachidananda Moorthy, Vice President - Clinical Research, Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Avesthagen, India
Sameer Agarwal, Senior Vice President, Business Center Strategic Marketing, Business Unit Generic Drugs & Standard Solutions, Fresenius Kabi, Germany
What can Asia Learn from Global Biosimilars Development and Litigation?
Li Cai, Regional R&D Counsel, Pfizer, China
Vivek Mittal, Head – Legal, Lupin, India
Viren Mahurkar, Managing Director, HitechnRock Advisors, Singapore
http://www.biosimilarsasia.com
Pre-Conference Special Focus Day, 20 May 2014
Clinical Development for Biosimilars
Post-Conference Workshops, 23 May 2014
A: Challenges in Demonstrating Biosimilarity and Interchangeability of Biosimilar Products
B: Successfully Bringing Biosimilars to Market
会前特别关注日,2014 年 5 月 20 日
生物仿制药的临床开发
会后研讨会,2014 年 5 月 23 日
A:在展示生物仿制药产品的生物相似性和可互换性方面所面临的挑战
B:成功地将生物仿制药推向市场
Need and Urgency for Harmonization and One Quality VoiceAjaz Hussain
We are in the Experience Economy in which the demand for Assurance is increasing exponentially. Our quality systems are improving linearly, and we are falling behind in delivering the assurance needed by patients to realize therapeutic benefits of medicine we deliver. Industry's need to continually improve is urgent, but their ability to do so remains constrained despite the FDA initiatives. To realize FDA's vision of an agile pharmaceutical manufacturing systems ... Without the need extensive regulatory oversight, industry should be encouraged to "self-author" "performance standards" and regulators should harmonize on the global accessibility of the self-authored performance standards.
#AAPS2017 Need and Urgency for Harmonization and One Quality Voice. A. S. Hussain. Insight, Advice & Solutions LLC.
A Leapfrog Need and Opportunity for mAbsAjaz Hussain
Leapfrogging on reforming mAbs policies makes sense, and doing so can be a principled duty of care.
SMART Technology, SMART Professionals, SMART Services, SMART Organization.
SMART Quality by Design Applications Not Submissions in 2024Ajaz Hussain
Many generic pharma companies seeking regulatory approval uncritically follow “past” practices and prior knowledge. Few, if any, correct errors and innovate to improve past expertise and techniques. The idea of SMART "QbD in ANDApplications" (not “submission”) builds on this observation.
Intuitively Moving Institutions Towards Global Regulatory Resilience Ajaz Hussain
From my experience, how can I describe an intuitive and self-organizing social force around "attractors" patients' value to be assured of therapeutic equivalence?
Critical Importance of Pharmaceutical Traceability in the Experience.pdfAjaz Hussain
From a narrow viewpoint, serialization is just a process of printing an identifying number on products and shipping cases.
From a long-term view, the integration of serialization numbering systems with the production line as well as the quality control procedures required to maintain the integrity of the numbers.
Validation 4 for Credible Pharma 4 a Keynote for Valconnect 2023.pdfAjaz Hussain
The notion of Validation 4.0 in the title of this keynote relates to the development and maturity of people and professionals, which I will elaborate on in the context of the ValGenesis experiences [of its users and service providers].
Validation 4.0 in this talk is about internal assurance, self-assurance, and self-authoring policies, plans, and procedures, ideally without the need [to wait] for FDA guidance.
SMART Triaxial Compaction, Social Form 483 and VAI or OAI to an Avenger.pdfAjaz Hussain
Why did the company not design and formulate a tablet that did not “cap”? Why wouldn’t NIH fund my proposal for CAFD? Why did the FDA [discount] Pharmaceutical Development Reports, while in the EU and Japan, is it an essential part of the regulatory review?
Under a hypothetical social inspection scheme, a report submitted in 2010 is imagined as PM 483 in the spirit of FDA Form 483 of “Inspectional Observations.”
What do the noted observations suggest about my professional maturity or state of mind at that event in 2010? What would be an appropriate “feedback” response?
Statistical Thinking and Pharmaceutical Professional Development, a keynote b...Ajaz Hussain
In adulthood, to keep maturing, one must acknowledge the elephant in the room – the emotions we feel. To feel is to experience. Experience complements our scientific training. But do we pay attention to the Integrity of our experience? A tonic for wiser statistical thinking to inform the development of pharmaceuticals and professionals.
An Updating Perspective on BAD I in March Madness 2023.pdfAjaz Hussain
Why does it take decades to acknowledge the obvious? Something to ponder and write about. How do you suggest we keep moving closer to the truth? Can we simultaneously personalize our minds, machines, and medicines to develop continuously? How? I am sharing a slide deck of thoughts to discuss meaning-making and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) in the context of the post-truth world, which I collected to populate two invited lectures at the University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy. The slides I am uploading here are in reverse order, 2nd lecture followed by the first. It is, to begin with, a journey to 2020+ to note that the root cause of BAD-I is I and to pose a challenging premise that beyond the age of majority, few adults continue to develop and mature. What evidence warrants this premise, and why? Then how to develop and mature continuously as an adult and a professional.
Mature Managers and Management of Pharmaceutical Quality and QuantitiesAjaz Hussain
We live in a post-truth world, and we like to think we are good. Are we? Do we not need ALCOA for the integrity of our experience?
Remember: Experience means to feel; how you feel determines what you learn! Honoring my grandmother’s advice, keeping intentions clean, इरादों को साफ रखें to begin to recognize a pattern of interactions between how I feel, what I think to explain why I behaved in a certain way.
Some of my thoughts on SMART Objective negotiations and to be better at SMART Experiencing than SMART Machines. The content describes insights from observing the immaturity of political, regulating, and management systems. Why does “immature” claim “I am mature” when it shouldn't?
I-SMART Internal Validation for Continuous Professional Development.pdfAjaz Hussain
i-SMART: Internal validation [is] continuous [professional development]. It is a journey within and without. In the growing chaos, it is urgent and essential that we must be the change we seek in the world. Be I-SMART! #Validaiton #good
S.M.A.R.T Pharmaceuticals 2021 -2030: AI or Human?Ajaz Hussain
Take a smart “development stance” to prepare for 2022 and beyond, envision your journey to 2030. Spiral high and wide like a migratory bird. Recall, Reflect, Research, Remember, Reset and Rebuild: Recycling necessary but not sufficient.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/recall-reflect-research-remember-reset-rebuild-ajaz-hussain-ph-d-/?trackingId=aF5BbJF0T5%2B036rQ7Zw3gA%3D%3D
Sustain and Build a Quality Culture in Today's RealitiesAjaz Hussain
What is quality, what is culture? Culture, quality, and assurance are just a few of the many abstract words in our lexicon. The meaning we make evolves with our development and maturity. Our education and training are necessary but insufficient for our development and maturity. Learning from experience is essential, and experiential learning is highly variable. Some continue to develop, but at different rates; others do not. In this presentation, I share why and how a connect-the-dots framework was developed and what it offers to individuals and organizations. Building refers to a process by which a source code guides software coding programs for a stand-alone computer or an enterprise-wide system. The context of this presentation is experiential. The content is derived from experiencing the real world via an intentional journey beginning in 2015 across the globe; since 2020, this journey has been searching for the source code to what is good. In my imagination and thought experiments, the building is a process, as in the context of software development. Coding for a stand-alone computer is similar but not interchangeable or automatically substitutable for writing and executing a personal or individualized continuous professional development plan. I speak about quality culture to ease the process of continuous learning, development, and maturity in professionals and management systems. To improve feedback and encourage backpropagation of errors of omission and commission to learn how to prevent mistakes and improve continually, I remind that it is increasingly relevant today to begin asking - how might we assess suitability, capability, and comparability of humans and AI in the context of CGMP compliance and maturity of a pQMS. I implicitly use the lexicon of biosimilars, interchangeable biosimilar products, and automatic generic substitution for brand products to help us make sense of our suitability and capability to know the difference in the maturity stages we call professional and good practitioners to appreciate the differences in the regulatory and social expectation of validation and assurance broadly and specifically as in the validation of computer and pharmaceutical systems.
Managing Pharmaceutical Quality in Traditional Paradigm and in the Emerging “...Ajaz Hussain
The epistemic crisis has deepened; multiple systems are now chaotic, fear and anxiety unabated and as expected the dominant response to the crisis is procrustean. Scenarios to consider managing pharmaceutical quality design space in traditional paradigm and in the emerging “SMARTness”?
Design is to do good not just be and look good: Bad Design is Smoke, Good Des...Ajaz Hussain
Design is to do good not just be and look good. "Design means being good, not just looking good." ~ Clement Mok. "A small change at the beginning of the design process defines an entirely different product at the end." ~ Jonathan Ive. "User-centered design means understanding what your users need, how they think, and how they behave - and incorporating that understanding into every aspect of your process." ~ Jesse James Garrett.
Compared to “one factor at a time” experiments, increased experimental efficiency, accounting interactions, multivariate predictive capability, minimization, maximization, optimization, graphical illustration for enhanced communication of complex topics.
"Design is intelligence made visible." -- Alina Wheeler
Pharmaceutical Quality in the 21st Century, Current Status of PAT & QbDAjaz Hussain
What we know is not what we implement in practice is the shadow in our development—walking a tight rope across the precipice with an elephant on my back. Is an Elephant on My Back the apt metaphor to replace the Six Blind Men and an Elephant and an Elephant in the Dark?
Meaning making measurement maturity and management mokshaAjaz Hussain
Power without wisdom is a recipe for disaster. “Your problem is not technology. The problem is you. You lack the will to change” (The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008). “I think we need to do some very serious soul searching,” Woodcock (2020). Adequate, well-controlled, qualified by training and experience, fairly, responsibly (FD&C Act). “Only at the precipice do we evolve.” Is this our moment? Profiteers learn to be patient. Exploitation & Exploration: Bottom and Toplines, the ambidextrous. Quality is integral; warrant connects quantitative evidence with claims. Cease dependence on inspection via maturity of self, systems, & societies. You can find the way forward [to maturity] in the heart. Sense within to awaken. Dil Se! By heart.
Equivalence Assessment and Maturity of Quality Management SystemsAjaz Hussain
Challenge: As a system or cohort, we can do more to adequately appreciate that “systems” proficiency is a stage in adult development that most struggle to achieve.
Professionals and human experience: Ex[CI]perience Lessons in Excipients Ajaz Hussain
Alone together, civil war, same difference, unbiased opinion, and the "hindsight is always 20/20" feels oxymoronic. What space will excipients occupy in our consciousness in the next decade?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Visioning the Next Decade: NIPTE-FDA Collaboration
1. The Next Decade: Visioning a Collaboration
between NIPTE & FDA CDER OPQ
Ajaz S. Hussain, Ph.D., President
The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & Education, Inc.
2. NIPTE
501(c)(3) Non-profit organization
Founded in 2005
Incorporated in 2007
Headquarters: Minneapolis, MN
12 Schools of Pharmacy, 3
Schools of Engineering, 1
Medical School
Improving Quality and Lowering
Costs with Confidence
March 16, 2016 2FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205
3. Pharmaceutical Science & Quality: Looking Back
Regulatory Science: FDA Review & Inspection
Thawing the “PSF”: OPS, SUAPC, BCS,…, PQRI,…
PAT to Pharmaceutical Quality in 21st Century to Critical Path Initiative & NIPTE
OPQ: One Voice for Quality, Integrated, Metrics, Culture …… & NIPTE
Pre-OPS OPS- Early
Days
OPS in 21st
Century
OPQ
March 16, 2016 3FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205
4. NIPTE 2005 – 2015 and beyond
2005 – 2015 Highlights
• FDA – NIPTE MOU, June 2005
• Developing QbD guidance elements on
process design space (2008-2010)
• Critical Path Manufacturing Research Sector
Initiative Grant (U01) Awarded by FDA in 2011
for 5 years with funding at up to $7,000,000
annually
• Reviewer Education in State of the Art
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology
Lessons & Aspirations
• What worked: Integrated multi-disciplinary
research based solutions to complex
development/regulatory challenges
• For example - Gabapentin stability design space
• What can and should work better
• Knowledge transfer and management
• Understanding FDA’s challenges & FDA feed-
back
• Proactive planning for ‘grand’ vs ‘brushfire’
challenges
• NIPTE’s Centers for Excellence – aligned with
OPQ: One Voice of Quality
March 16, 2016 4FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205
5. Optimal efficiency via stochastic basis for clinical relevance
March 16, 2016 FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205 5
To optimal efficiency with confidence Via Stochastic, Clinical Relevance
Research Related to Formulation and Pharmaceutical Product Stability. Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Science. April 14, 2010
6. Integrated solutions need multi-disciplinary expertise
March 16, 2016 FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205 6
Integrated Solution Needs Multi-disciplinary Expertise
Research Related to Formulation and Pharmaceutical Product Stability. Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Science. April 14, 2010
7. FDA CDER OPQ’s mission is to assure that quality drugs
are available to the American public.
Assure that all human drugs meet the same quality
standards to safeguard clinical performance;
Enhance science- and risk-based regulatory approaches;
Transform product quality oversight from a qualitative to
a quantitative and expertise-based assessment;
Provide seamless integration of review, inspection,
surveillance, policy, and research across the product life
cycle; and
Encourage development and adoption of emerging
pharmaceutical technology
• NIPTE’s Mission
• The mission of NIPTE is to improve human
health through multi-university collaborative
research to advance the quality, safety,
affordability and speed to market of medicines
through interdisciplinary research and
education in pharmaceutical technology
March 16, 2016 FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205 7
8. Grand Challenge in Pharmacutical Quality
• The FDA’s PAT Guidance opened the door to continuous manufacturing; ‘tipping point’
reached in 2015
• ICH Q8 outlined a methodology for ‘Quality by Design’; methodology without 21st century
ontology curtails progress
• Weak epistemology reduces confidence generally and in rapidly globalized supply chain it
raises serious concern such as “are these data too good to be true?”
• Through its research and educational programs NIPTE will contribute towards realizing CDER
OPQ vision, in this context the Nation needs a Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical
Formulations (CEPF)!
March 16, 2016 8FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205
9. Today we share our initial thoughts on CEPF
• NIPTEs’ Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Formulations (CEPF): Making the case
• Stephen R. Byrn, Ph.D., Purdue University
• QBR as one of the Organizing Principles for NIPTE CEPF
• Kenneth R. Morris, Ph.D., Long Island University– Brooklyn Campus
• Critical Roles of Raw Materials and Manufacturing Processes in Product Quality
• Stephen W. Hoag, Ph.D., University of Maryland Baltimore
• Robert (Bill) O. Williams, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin
• Feng Zhang, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin
• Advanced Characterization of Drug Substance and Drug products
• Raj Suryanarayanan, Ph.D., University of Minnesota
• Eric J. Munson, Ph.D., University of Kentucky
• Q&A and FDA Feedback
March 16, 2016 FDA CDER White Oak, Building 22, Room 2205 9