Access modifiers in object-oriented languages set the accessibility of classes, methods, and members. The main types are default, private, protected, and public. Default members are accessible only within the same package, private only within the same class, protected within the same package or subclasses in other packages, and public globally accessible. Access modifiers control encapsulation by restricting access to components from other code outside their defined scope.

1. -By Nazmin Shaikh

2. Access Modifiers
Access modifiers ( or access specifiers ) are keywords
in object-oriented languages that set the accessibility
of classes, methods, and other members. Access
modifiers are a specific part of programming language
syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of
components.
~Types
1.default
2.private
3.protected
4.public

3. Default private protected public
Same Class Yes Yes Yes Yes
Same Package
sub class
Yes No Yes Yes
Same Package
non-sub class
Yes No Yes Yes
Different
Package
sub class
No No Yes Yes
Different
Package non-
sub class
NO No No Yes

4. Default
 When no access modifier is specified for a class,
method or data member – It is said to be having
the default access modifier by default.
 The data members, class or methods which are not
declared using any access modifiers i.e. having
default access modifiers are accessible only within
the same package.

5. package p1;
class Geek
|{
void display ( )
| {
system . out . Print1n (“Hello World ! ’’) ;
. }
.}
package p2;
Import p1. *;
class GeekNew
|{
public static void main (string args [ ] )
{
Geeks obj = new Greek ()_ ;
obj .display ( ) ;
}
.}

6. Private
 The private access modifier is specified using the
keyword private.
 The methods or data members declared as private
are accessible only within the class in which they
are declared.
 Any other class of same package will not be
able to access these members.
 Classes or interface can not be declared as private.

7. package p1;
Class A
|{
private void displays ( )
| {
system.out.Print1n ( “GeeksforGeeks”) ;
. }
.}
Class B
|{
public static void main (string args[ ] )
| {
A obj = new A ( ) ;
obj . display ( );
. }
}

8. Protected
 The protected access modifier is specified using
the keyword protected.
 The methods or data members declared as
protected are accessible within same package or
sub classes in different package.
 Classes cannot be declared protected.

9. Package p1 ;
Public class A
{
protected void display ( )
{
System. Out . print1n ( “GeeksforGeeks” ) ;
}
}
package p2 ;
Import p1.*;
Class B extends A
{
public static void main ( string args [ ] )
{
B obj = new B ( ) ;
obj .display ( ) ;
}
}

10. Public
 The public access modifier is specified using the
keyword public.
 The public access modifier has the widest scope
among all other access modifiers.
 Classes, methods or data members which are
declared as public are accessible from every
where in the program. There is no restriction on
the scope of a public data members.

11. package p1;
public class A
{
public void display( )
{
system. out . Print1n( “GeeksforGeeks” ) ;
}
}
package p2;
Import p1 .*;
class B
{
public static void main(string args [ ])
{
A obj = new A;
obj. display ( ) ;
}
}