Virtualization Is For Real

Virtualization is for Real
Server Virtualization Overview
[With a Data Center Bias]

Anand Sharma
(03/11/2009)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Meeting Objectives
What’s Covered And What’s Not

1) Understand the Trends driving Virtualization in a Data Center

2) Define Virtualization and understand the landscape

3) Server Virtualization Basics

4) Benefits of Server Virtualization


Market Transitions
Virtualization 101
Server Virtualization Basics
Benefits of Virtualization


Virtualizing the “Hardware”
From Johannes Gutenberg’s Printed Books…

“Gutenberg Bible” (In 1450s)
The first book printed on a printing press with movable type

Source: Wikipedia

To Jeff Bezos’ Books on Amazon Kindle, Kindle on iPhone

Over 240,000 books plus U.S.
and international newspapers, magazines,
and blogs available

Servers are currently indistinguishable from Physical Hardware

One App+OS

Pedestal/Tower Servers

One App+OS

Rack Optimized Servers

One Application+OS Per Hardware
Hardware Software
- Compute - Application
- Memory - Operating System
- Disk
- Network Interface Card
Blade Servers
Typical Utilization – 10% to 15% One App+OS

Energy is Everything
Efficient Energy Consumption is an afterthought

HUMMER

To Efficient Energy Consumption is the primary thought

C H E V Y VO LT

Bits-n-Bytes are bumping up against Physical Constraints

% of WW electricity usage 0.8 – 3%
for Data Centers
(estimates vary)
Fewer power supplies to
support a service =
reduced conversion losses
Total electricity consumption
Worldwide (2007) 15,746
Billion kWH
US (2008) 4,581

Cost of powering Data Centers

$2.9 –10.9B
Estimated, US only

Sources: US DoE, APC, Cisco IT, Network World

Each watt consumed by IT infrastructure carries a “burden
50 35 15 factor” of 1.2 to 2.5 for power consumption associated
with cooling, conversion/distribution and lighting
% % %
Source: US, DoE, Cisco IT, NetworkWorld

What do you mean you can’t add any more Servers?

Power, load-bearing, and cooling constraints are limiting the ability to utilize existing data center space

42U (Size) 42 Weight 39.5 Power 11.9 Cooling 2.9

Source: Cisco’s Next Big Bet (Forbes Magazine, Issue dated 09/29/2008)


Drivers behind Server Virtualization
In Summary

Hardware Data Centers are Rising Energy Administration
Resources running out of Costs Costs are
Underutilized space Increasing
• As much as 50%
of the IT budget • Number of
• CPU utilizations ~ • Last 10+ years of
• In the realm of operators going
10% - 25% major server sprawl
the CFO and up
• One server – One • Exponential data
Facilities Mgr. • Number of
Application growth
now! Management
• Multi-core even • Server consolidation Applications
more under-utilized projects just a start going up

Operational Flexibility

Virtualization 101 1:N
What is Virtualization?

N:1

1:1
“[Virtualization is] a technique for hiding the
physical characteristics of computing resources
from the way in which other systems, applications,
or end users interact with those resources. This includes
making a single physical resource (such as a server, an
operating system, an application, or storage device) appear to
function as multiple logical resources; or it can include
making multiple physical resources (such as storage devices
or servers) appear as a single logical resource.”

Source: Mann, Andi, “Virtualization 101” Enterprise Management Associates (EMA)

Virtualization 101
Consolidation Or Isolation: Share All or Nothing

No Isolation
 Applications compete
Device 1
for resources
Application 1
One Physical  Changes to one application
Device Application 2 can impact others
Application 3  Security and compliance
can be complex
Or Inefficient Isolation
Device 1
Application 1
 Device sprawl
 Underutilized resources
Many Physical Device 2
Devices Application 2  Complex to upgrade
Device 3  Complex service chaining
Application 3


Virtualization 101
Physical Consolidation and Logical Isolation

Ideal Isolation
One Physical  Partitioning enables
Device Virtual Device 1 segmentation of traffic
Security Admin and/or resources
Sys Admin  Abstraction hides
Apps Admin physical resources
Network Admin
 Ideally per partition
RBAC enables
Virtual Device 2
customized,
Virtual Device 3
autonomous policies
Virtual Device 4
Multiple Virtual
Devices .
Virtual Device 5

.
Virtual Device n


Virtualization 101
Types of Virtualization in a Data Center

Quick: What comes to your mind first when you think of
Virtualization?

* Network Virtualization
* Server Virtualization
* Storage Virtualization
* Application Networking Services
Virtualization


A Typical Server
Servers are currently indistinguishable from Physical Hardware

One App+OS


One App+OS


One Application+OS Per Hardware
Hardware Software
- Disk
- Network Interface Card Blade Servers
One App+OS

Server Virtualization
Enter Virtual Machines

Many App+OS
(Virtual Machines)

Many App+OS
(Virtual Machines)


Many Application+OS Per Hardware
Hardware Software
- Disk - Hypervisor
- Network Interface Card Blade Servers Many App+OS
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential (Virtual Machines)

Server Virtualization Transforms x86 Systems

Without virtualization: With Hypervisor virtualization:

Single OS image per machine Break dependencies between OS and
hardware
Software and hardware tightly
coupled Manage OS and application as single
unit by encapsulating them into VMs
Running multiple applications on
same machine often creates conflict Strong fault and security isolation
5-15% utilization VMs are hardware-independent: they
can be provisioned anywhere


Evolution
The Evolution of the MVS Operating System
IBM Journal of Research and Development, Sept 1981

VMM/Hpervisor on IBM Mainframe
Many Apps on very costly hardware

Stanford Research
DISCO Project
VMM on cheap x86 HW
VMware in 1999
Commodity Hardware became powerful enough to support a Virtual Machine Manager
(Hypervisor) – so it’s back to the future with proven technology
Source: The Hardware
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Revolution in Server Virtualization (ACM Compute 2009 Tutorial)
Cisco Confidential

Two Primary Implementation Types

Native Virtualization ParaVirtualization
(Full Virtualization)

The full virtualization hypervisor presents the actual physical ParaVirtualization hypervisors are similar to native/full
hardware “P” to each Guest so that operating systems virtualization but use modified guest operating systems to
intended for the underlying architecture may run unmodified optimize virtual executions
and unaware that they’re being run virtualized

Example: VMware ESX Example: Xen

> 90% share of the market
Source: Running Xen

Four Key Properties of Virtual Machine
Partitioning

Running multiple operating systems on
one physical machine
Allocate system resources between
virtual machines
ESX is the special, thin OS that
abstracts the HW from the Guest
OS/Application
Industry term – “Hypervisor”


Isolation

 Partitioning
– Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine
– Divide system resources between virtual machines

Fault and security isolation at the hardware level
One VM does not know of another VM’s
presence
Advanced resource controls preserve
performance
Failure of one VM does not effect other VMs in
same box


Encapsulation

 Partitioning

 Isolation
– Fault and security isolation at the hardware level
– Advanced resource controls preserve performance

Entire state of the virtual machine can be
saved to files
Move and copy virtual machines as
easily as moving and copying files


Hardware Abstraction

 Partitioning

 Isolation
– Fault and security isolation at the hardware level
– Advanced resource controls preserve performance

 Encapsulation
– Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to files
– Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files

Provision or migrate any virtual machine
to any other similar physical server
Multiple OSs – Windows, Linux


Live Migration of Virtual Machines
VMware VMotion Magic

 Allows admins to transparently move running VMs from one
physical server to another physical server across the L2 network
 Enhances DR and BC strategies
 Servers suddenly become fluid objects that traverse the network
like an ordinary file. The potential of this capability is enormous

VMotion

ESX ESX
Server 1 Server 2


So why should we care?
Key Categories of Benefits from Server Virtualization

#1. Reduced Physical Infrastructure Costs Capex Savings

#2. Reduced Data Center Operating Costs Opex Savings
(Management, Power & Cooling)

#3. Operational Benefits
Operational
(Automated Resource Allocation, High Availability, Disaster Recovery) Efficiency


Financial Benefits
Capex and Opex Savings

Insurance
$1,100,000
$1,000,000 HW & SW
Operations
$900,000 Source: VMware, 2006

$800,000 $432,630

$700,000
$600,000 Healthcare
Transportation
$500,000 $68,157 $690,000
$77,726
$400,000
$477,500 $377,000
$129,971
$300,000
$200,000 $258,005
$38,966
$100,000 $9,341
$101,263 $73,500
$0 After After After
Before Before Before
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization

Financial Benefits
Extend Useful Asset Life and Defer Capex

Thermal Thermal
Ceiling Standard DC Virtualized
Ceiling DC

Now Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Now Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6

20% Efficiency 60% Efficiency
Total Capacity Utilized Capacity

Source: Cisco Estimates

Operational Efficiency
Dynamic Resource Allocation, Disaster Recovery

• Scale without disruption
• DR - Business Continuity
• Rapid server recovery after outage
• Meeting unexpected or cyclical resource demand
• Greatly improved time-to-market for application deployment


Operational Efficiency
High Availability

Recover
Rapidly
Reduce
• Automated
Unplanned restart of VMs
Downtime • Improve
Business
• Network and Continuity
Slash Planned Storage multi-
pathing
Downtime
• Flexible Data
• Perform Protection
maintenance at • DR
any time • HA
• VMotion


Final Thoughts


Key Takeaways

1) Virtualization is not a new technology. And neither is VMWare

2) Virtualization as a concept applies to more than just Servers. That
said, Server Virtualization has really laid the foundation for a
market transition - Unified Computing!

3) Terms like Virtual Machine, Hypervisor, Guest OS and VMWare
VMotion, VMWare ESX should more than ring a bell now

4) When you think Server, think Virtual Machines – Fluid Objects
that can traverse the network


Virtualization Is For Real

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