The document discusses virtual collaboration and presents frameworks for analyzing literature on the topic. It defines virtual collaboration as cooperative work undertaken through information and communication technologies. The document outlines ways literature on virtual collaboration has been organized, including by level of analysis, themes, subtopics and methods. It also presents examples of virtual collaborations in open-source software development and e-science. Finally, it proposes a preliminary theoretical model and questions for further research on factors that affect social structure and success in virtual collaborations.