This document discusses two types of human rights violations that can occur in the workplace: workplace harassment and child labor. It defines different types of workplace harassment such as physical and emotional harassment. Common victims are discussed based on gender, sexuality, and race. The impacts of workplace harassment include alcoholism and PTSD. Child labor is also analyzed, including causes like poverty, barriers to education, and cultural traditions. The effects of child labor on health, development, and education are outlined. The document proposes some government policies and efforts to reduce both issues.

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Term Report
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION AT
WORKPLACE
BBA (HONs.)
SUBMITTED TO: Asad Shehzad
COURSE: Business Ethics
MEMBERS:
1. Rabia Qazi (18962)
2. Marya Ashok (19444)
3. Mohammad Hamza Khan (18582)

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Table of Contents
Workplace Harassment......................................................................................................................4
Types of Workplace Harassment:.....................................................................................................4
1. Physical Harassment:...............................................................................................................4
2. Emotional Harassment:............................................................................................................5
Victims Of Workplace Harassment:..................................................................................................5
1. Gender:...............................................................................................................................5
2. Sexuality:.............................................................................................................................5
3. Race:...................................................................................................................................5
Impacts of Workplace Harassment:..................................................................................................5
1. Alcoholism:..........................................................................................................................5
2. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder:............................................................................................6
WHAT IS CHILD LABOUR? ...................................................................................................................6
History of child labor inPakistan:.....................................................................................................6
ANALYSIS OF CHILD LABOR:.............................................................................................................7
Worst forms of Childlabor: .............................................................................................................7
CAUSES OF CHILD LABOR:................................................................................................................8
POVERTY:....................................................................................................................................8
Barriers toeducation:..................................................................................................................8
Culture and tradition:..................................................................................................................8
Market demand:.........................................................................................................................8
The effect of income shocks of the household:..............................................................................8
Early Marriages:..........................................................................................................................9
Child labor distribution by branch of economic activity.....................................................................9
EFFECTS OF CHILD LABOR:...............................................................................................................9
1. Loss of Quality childhood: ....................................................................................................9
2. Health issues:....................................................................................................................10
3. Mental trauma:.....................................................................................................................10
4. Illiteracy:...............................................................................................................................10
ETHICAL ISSSUES AND ARGUMENTS:..............................................................................................11
JUDGEMENT OF MORALITY: ..........................................................................................................11

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GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON CHILD LABOR:.....................................................................................11
EFFORTS TO REDUCE CHILD LABOR: ...............................................................................................12
Free education:.........................................................................................................................12
Moral Polishing:........................................................................................................................12
Create demand for skilled and trained workers:..........................................................................12
Awareness:...............................................................................................................................13
Empowerment of poor people: ..................................................................................................13
Conclusion:...................................................................................................................................13
Gender Inequality............................................................................................................................14
Gender Inequality at Workplace: ...................................................................................................14
Effects of Gender Inequality: .........................................................................................................14
Types of Gender Discrimination:....................................................................................................15
1. Promotional Bias ...................................................................................................................15
2. Pay:...................................................................................................................................15
3. Position Bias......................................................................................................................15
4. Benefits:............................................................................................................................15
Causes of Gender Inequality:.........................................................................................................16
Plato and Aristotle's view of the nature and capabilities of women:.................................................16
Gender Discrimination -- It Happens To Men, Too:..........................................................................17
How Are Men Discriminated Against?.........................................................................................17
Bibliography.....................................................................................................................................18

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Workplace Harassment
Workplace harassmentisthe belittlingorthreateningbehaviorposedtowardsanindividual ora group
ina workplace.Workplace harassmentgainedattentionfromresearchersandgovernmentinthe
1980’s, but itstill goesunnoticedinthirdworldcountries like Pakistanandmanymanagersare still
unaware of it.
Types of Workplace Harassment:
Noweventhoughworkplace harassmentisamajor problemandverywidespread,we canloosely
narrow itdownintotwo categories.
1. Physical Harassment:
Physical Harassmentcanbe sub dividedintotwocategories,whichare sexualharassmentand
workplace violence.
i. Sexual Harassment:
Sexual assaultatthe workplace gainedattentioninthe 90’s aftera seriesof famousscandals,
afterwhichthe mediaandscholarshave focusedoncreatingmore studiesonthistopic.Some
occupationsrequire ahighertolerance tosexual behaviors,likewaitressesortourguidesand
veryoftenthe employerexpectsthe employeetocomplywiththe sexual interactionsthe
workerhas with the customer.Thatleavesthe employeetoacceptany harassmentaspart of
the job,or report hisproblemandgetfired.
ii. Workplace Violence:
Anotherformof physical harassmentisworkplace violence.Workplace violence canbe defined
as the physical threatsandassaultstargetedat employees.There are twomainperpetratorsof
workplace violence,criminalswhoapproachedasclientsandco-workers.Criminalsassert
violence throughhomicidesandrobberies.Butthe workplace violence bycoworkerstends to
be a little lessobvious.

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2. EmotionalHarassment:
Emotional Harassment:Toput itin to simple words,emotional harassmentisthe manipulationof
people’sactionsthroughsocialsbehaviors.Emotional harassment,veryoftengoesunnoticedand
comparedto physical harassmentismore sociallyacceptable.One commonformof Emotional
harassmentisbullying,whichmeansfalseaccusationsof mistakes,yelling,shouting,glares,withholding
necessarydetailsrelatedtothe job.
Victims Of Workplace Harassment:
The victimsof workplace harassmentcanbe categorizedintothree categories,Gender,sexualityand
race. Eventhoughone groupfacesmore difficultiesthatothers,workplace harassmentstill effectsa
large numberof the population.
1. Gender:
Both menandwomenare victimsof workplace harassment.Butbothface differenttypesof
harassment.Womenare more prone to sexual harassment,while menare more prone toworkplace
violence.72%of all menhave beenrobbedattheirworkplace and74 percenthave facedworkplace
assault.
2. Sexuality:
The LGBT group facesharassmentintermsof hidingtheirsexualityandif theyhave disclosedtheir
sexualitytheyare prone todirecthate speechfromcoworkers,because of which,manydon’tdisclose
theirsexuality.
3. Race:
Workplace harassmentalsohappensonthe basisof a person’sculture ortheirethnicity.Racial
discriminationisusuallydoneagainstblackpeopleorAsianminorities,oranycultural minorityina
workplace.
Impacts of Workplace Harassment:
1. Alcoholism:
Workplace harassmentandalcohol use have apositive relation,victimsdrinkinordertoself-medicate
the stressinducedatwork.While bothmenand womenare prone to alcohol consumption,womenare
lesslikelytodrinkbecause theyrelyontheirwide social connectionsforemotionalsupport.Studiesalso

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showthat evenafterretirement,thishabitof alcohol consumptioncontinues,becauseveryoften
people getaddictedandpeopleconfuse alcohol asastressreliever.
2. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder:
Posttraumatic stressdisorder,apersonsufferingfromPTSDfacestrauma,flashbacks,orfeelingthe
trauma relatedtoa nightmare at his/herworkplace.PeoplesufferingfromPTSDmayconstantlyask for
leavesormightbe absentveryoften,whichcanleadto termination.
WHAT IS CHILD LABOUR?
Child Labor is defined as work that has the potential to deprive children of their childhood, their
dignity and is also harmful for their physical, moral and mental development and it interferes
with their education.
According to ILO and UNICEF, all work done by children can’t be classified as child labor. So,
there is a need to differentiate between child labor and child work. If work is not affecting the
health and personal development as well as the schooling of children, then this type of work
can’t be taken negatively and does not fall in the category of child labor, e.g. assisting in family
business or working during school holidays or after school hours. These activities are not “child
labor”, rather these can be termed as ‘child work’. Child work is not only important for the
personal development of children but it also provides them with necessary skills to be useful
and productive members of a society.
History of child labor in Pakistan:
It was estimated that in 1990 about 11 million children were working as a child labor. The
condition was even worst then this. More than a half of the labor force of Pakistan were
children. The half of those children were aging under 10. Pakistan is and was in the developing
stage. The developing countries have the child labor problem common. Pakistan has an
agricultural economy. Almost 38% of its total GDP is generated by agriculture. Child labor is and
was mostly common in the rural areas of Pakistan especially in Punjab (the center of agriculture
of Pakistan). Mot Children were working as a labor in the farms, cutting the crops, weeding the
crops, bowing the seeds in the soil and much more.

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That time was also the time when the people of Pakistan were illiterate. They were poor and
wasn’t been able to fulfil their basic needs. This was also and is the reason the child is and was
working as a labor in Pakistan.
ANALYSIS OF CHILD LABOR:
Child labor is a cruel act and it must be stopped. It is carried out all over the world especially in
those countries which are still in the developing stage like:
 Pakistan
 India
 Indonesia
 Srilanka,etc.
Worst forms of Child labor:
 It isobviousthatchildlaborhave typesbutsome of themare consideredasthe worsttypesof
childlaborand are statedalso inthe international labororganization(ILO):
 All formsof slaveryorpracticessimilartoslavery,suchas the sale and traffickingof children,
debtbondage andserfdomandforcedor compulsorylabor,includingforcedorcompulsory
recruitmentof childrenforuse inarmedconflict.
 Offeringof achildfor illicitactivities,inparticularforthe productionandtraffickingof drugsas
definedinthe relevantinternational treaties.
 Work which,byitscircumstancesinwhichitis carriedout,is likelytoharmthe health, safetyor
moralsof children.
 Work underground,underwater,atdangerousheightsorinconfinedspace.(Those jobswhich
are consideredasthe dangerousforanadult.)
 Work withdangerousmachines,equipment’sandtoolsorwhichinvolvesthe mutual handling or
transportof heavyloads.
 Workinginthe unhealthyenvironmentwhichmayorobviouslydamagestheiroranyone’s
health.
 Workingunderparticularlydifficultconditions.(Like:workingformore than8 hours,nightshift
etc.)

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CAUSES OF CHILD LABOR:
Childlaborisa complex problemandnumerousfactorsinfluence whetherchildrenworkornot.These
causesare oftendue tothe backgroundof the certain families.The maincausesare:
POVERTY:
Povertyemergesasthe mostcompellingreasonwhychildrenwork.Lessfinanciallystable families
especiallythose whoare calledpoorspendmostof theirincome onthe foodanddon’thave enough
moneyfortheirsurvival,the childrenof these kind of familiesare employedandtheirincome was
consideredasthe survival money.However,povertyisnotthe onlyfactorinchildlaborand cannot
justifyall typesof employment.
Barriersto education:
Basic educationisnotfree inall countriesand isnot alwaysavailableforall children,especiallyin
remote rural areas.Where schoolsare available,the qualityof educationcanbe poorand the content
not relevant.Insituationswhere educationisnotaffordable orparentssee novalue ineducation,
childrenare sentto work,ratherthan to school.
Culture and tradition:
Parentsuse to followthe oldfamilytraditionof educationandwork.Theyforce theirchildrentofollow
as well.Insome culture childrenare forcedtostoptheireducationaftercompletingacertainamountof
educationandhave to start working.Same wayespeciallyforagirl some familieshave the traditionor
culture normthat “girlsare not worthto study”.Sotheyare forcedto employasa maidin a house.
Market demand:
Childlaborisa cheap labor.Many employersmaypreferchildrenasalaborbecause theyare cheap,
easyto employonfewrequirements,few obligationandhave nounderstandingof the outerworld.This
all helpthe employerstocontinuouslyoperate theirworkevenwhenthereisastrike inthe marketor
the labor demandishigh.
The effect of incomeshocks of the household:
Householdswhichdoesnothave the meanstodeal withthe suddencrisesof income likenatural
disasters,economic,deathof aman figure or the medical crisesof anoldfigure of the house resultto
childlaboras a copingmechanismfromthe income shock.Thisisalsoconsideredasthe reasonof the
childlabor.

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Early Marriages:
Marrying at an earlyage isa major contributingfactortooverpopulation.Youngparentsare able tosire
a lot of childrenbecause theyremainfertile foralongtime.Havingmanychildrenwithlittle orno
resourcestosupportthemleadsto childlabor. Olderchildrenare forcedtoworkinorderto helptheir
parentssupportthe family.
Child labor distribution by branch of economic activity
The agriculture sectorcomprisesactivitiesinagriculture,huntingforestry,andfishing.
The industry sectorincludesminingandquarrying,manufacturing,construction,andpublicutilities
(electricity,gasandwater).
The servicessector consistsof wholesale andretail trade;restaurantsandhotels;transport,storage,
and communications;finance,insurance, real-estate,andbusinessservices;andcommunityaswellas
social personal services.
EFFECTS OF CHILD LABOR:
Child labor has several negative impacts. Some of them include:
1. Loss of Quality childhood:

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It is important for human beings to enjoy every stage of their development. A child should play
with friends and make memories for a lifetime. Youths should explore life and form strong
foundations that would define their adult lives. Child labour, therefore, leads to loss of quality
childhood as children will be deprived of the opportunity to enjoy the amazing experiences that
come with being young. Children are often encouraged to play because it helps in their growth
and development. A child forced to work will miss many of the good things associated with
childhood.
2. Health issues:
Child labor can also lead to health complications due to undernourishment and poor working
conditions. It is highly unlikely that people who employ children also have the moral capacity to
ensure that they have good working conditions. Working in places such as mines and badly
conditioned factories may result in lifetime health issues for children employed to work in these
places. A child assigned physically demanding duties may suffer physical trauma that may scar
him or her for life.
3. Mental trauma:
It is not a pleasant experience to be kept working as a child while your age-mates are out
playing and going to school. Children also lack the ability to shield themselves from most of the
challenges that occur in the workplace. Issues such as bullying, sexual exploitation, and
unfavorable working hours may result in mental trauma in these children. They will find it hard
to forget the past and may become societal misfits because of bad childhood experiences. Child
labor may also result in the lack of emotional growth and thus insensitivity.
4. Illiteracy:
Children that are employed do not have the time to go to school. They spend a lot of time in
their workstations as the days and years go by. The lack of education and illiteracy makes them
individuals with limited opportunities as far as employment is concerned. Education also
prepares a person for several challenges in the society and without it, one may turn out to lack
the basic skills required to overcome many of life’s problems. An individual who has gone to
school may be aware of how to approach certain situations in life without resorting to brute
force. An illiterate person, on the other hand, considers force to be the only answer to nearly all
of the challenges experienced.

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ETHICAL ISSSUES AND ARGUMENTS:
Child Labor and Its Morality from Emmanuel Kant’s and Jeremy Bentham’s Perspective:
“On the lenses of Kantian ethics, child labor is morally wrong since it violates the dignity and
disregards the rights of a child. It also emphasizes that children should not work, no matter how
poverty stricken their families might be.”
“On the contrary, Utilitarian ethics argues that child labor is morally right because it gives
poverty-stricken families a source of income; thus, it brings pleasure and happiness to the
greatest majority.”
JUDGEMENT OF MORALITY:
• Looking through the lenses of Kantian ethics, it is with no doubt that child labor is
immoral since it violates the fundamental human rights of a child.
• Children are not economic objects to be used in order to promote the interests of an
individual or a group.
• Child labor may produce a sense of happiness for the family of the children involved;
however, the amount of joy generated from letting the children work is very small.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON CHILD LABOR:
• The Factories Act 1934.
• The West Pakistan Shops and Establishments Ordinance 1969.
• The Employment of Children Act 1991
• The Bonded Labour System Abolition Act 1992.
• The Punjab Compulsory Education Act 1994
• The Government gave five books to primary school so parents with limited budgets
are now able to send their children to school.

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EFFORTS TO REDUCE CHILD LABOR:
Every child born has the right to have dreams and pursue those dreams. Even though the
realization of some of these aspirations may be limited by several challenges, it is still possible
to overcome them and achieve the highest levels of success.
There is need to involve various stakeholders to realize this objective. These are some of the
ways in which the problem of child labor can be addressed:
Free education:
Free educationholdsthe keytoeliminatingchildlabor.Parentsthatdonot have moneyfor
school feescanuse thisas an opportunitytoprovide theirchildrenwitheducation.Ithas
alreadyprovedtobe a successinmanyplacesaroundthe globe andwithmore effort,the cases
of childlaborwill greatlyreduce.Mid-daymealsschemescanalsobe usedasa motivatingfactor
for childrenwhose parentscanbarelyaffordameal tolearn.Evenif theywill be attending
school because of the free meals,theywillstillbe able tolearnandcreate a goodeducation
foundationforthemselves.
MoralPolishing:
Childlaborshouldnotbe entertainedatall.Itislegallyandmorallywrong.Childrenshouldnot
be allowedtoprovide laboratthe expense of gettinganeducationandenjoyingtheirchildhood.
Factory owners,shopkeepers,andindustriesamongothersshouldnotemploychildren.The
societyshouldbe educatedonthe negative impactsof childlaborsothat itbecomesanissue
that isfrowneduponwheneveritoccurs.Thistype of moral polishingwouldact asa deterrent
to people whointendtoemploychildrenanduse themasa source of cheaplabor.Many of the
illsthatgo on inthe societydoso because people turnablindeye orfail to considertheirmoral
impacts.Withthiskindof approach, casesof childlaborwill greatlyfall amongourcommunities.
Create demand for skilled and trained workers:
By creatingthe demandforskilledandtrainedworkers,childlaborcaseswill reduce since
almostall childlaborersfall underthe unskilledworkercategory.Itwill leadtoadult
employmentasthe demandforskilledlaborrises.Establishingskill-basedlearningcenters,
vocational trainingcenters,andtechnical traininginstitutionsimprovesliteracyandcontributes

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to the availabilityof skilledandtrainedworkersinthe jobmarket.Creationof jobopportunities
by the governmentisalsoanotherway thatcasesof unemploymentcanbe reducedand
householdincomeforthe populationincreased.Suchgovernmentpoliciesimproveliving
standardsand eliminatethe needforchildrentoseekworkinorderto supporttheirfamilies.
Awareness:
Creatingawarenessaboutthe illegalityof childlaborcanalsohelpinstemmingthe practice.
Parentsshouldbe made aware that sendingtheirchildrentoworkhaslegal ramificationsand
the lawwouldtake itscourse if theyare foundto be aidingandabettingthisvice.Itis the
ignorance amongmanyparentsand membersof the societythatmakesthemparticipate in
childlaborpractices.Conductingacampaignto create awarenessaboutitsharmful effects
wouldeliminate the practice.The government,togetherwithnon-governmental organizations
and the civil society,cancreate a strategyto make such an initiative asuccess.
Empowermentof poor people:
Poorpeople are the mostaffectedbychildlabor.The poor livingstandardsandfinancial constraints
sometimesmake themunwillingparticipantsinthisvice.Empoweringpoorpeople through
knowledge andincome generatingprojectswouldgoalongway inreducingcasesof childlabor.
Parental literacyalsoplaysanimportantrole inensuringthatthe rightsof children are upheld,and
minorsare not usedas a source of labor.Empoweringparentswiththiskindof knowledge can
create a positive change inthe societyandencourage the shunningof childlaborpracticesin
communities.
Conclusion:
Child labor is not just an affront to the rights of a child but also a symbol of a society that has
lost its way. We should, therefore, all strive to ensure that the fundamental rights of children
are protected and that they are accorded the opportunity to go after their dreams and
aspirations. The future is much brighter when the younger generation has a good foundation
for success.

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The innocence of a child should never be taken away for the purpose of making the lives of
adults easier. It is both unfair and morally unacceptable.
Gender Inequality
“Genderinequalityreferstounequal treatmentorperceptionsof individuals
basedon theirgender.Itarisesfromdifferencesinsociallyconstructedgenderrolesaswell as
biologicallythroughchromosomes,brain structure,andhormonal differences. Genderinequalitystems
fromdistinctions, whetherempiricallygroundedorsocially constructed.”
Gender Inequality at Workplace:
Work relatedinequalityisthe unequal treatmentof individualsinview of sex,sexuality,tallness,weight,
highlight,orrace inthe workingenvironment.Atthe pointwhenspecialistsexamineinclinesinwork
relateddisparitytheyasarule concentrate ondisseminationorportionexample of gatheringscrosswise
overoccupations,forinstance, the dispersionof mencontrastedwithladiesinaspecificoccupation.
Secondly,theyconcentrate onthe connectionamongstoccupationandpay,forinstance,contrasting
the salaryof whitesandblacksina similaroccupation.
Effects of Gender Inequality:
Genderinequalityatworkplace greatly influencesthe financial statusof apersonwhichisconnected
withtheirentrance toassetslike findinga job, purchasinga house,andsoforth.On the off chance that
an individualencounterswordrelateddisparity,itmightbe more troublesome forthemtodiscover
work,progressintheiractivity,getanadvance or purchase a house.Wordrelatedstandingcanprompt
forecastsof results,forexample,social standingandricheswhichhave durable consequencesforthe
personandin additiontheirdependents.[3] Segregationbysexual orientationinthe workcompel istoa
great degree high,consequentlythe motivationbehindwhythere remainsuchasignificantnumberof
inconsistenciesandimbalancesamongmenandladiesof impartialcapabilities.The divisionof workisa
focal elementforsex basedimbalance.Itimpactsthe structure bothinlightof itsfinancial viewpoints
and developmentof characters.Inany case,thinksaboutdemonstrate thatthe general picture of sexual

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orientationandworkhasnot beenassessed.The significance of theseissuesiscorrelatedforthe future
structure of ourwork drive.
Types of Gender Discrimination:
1. PromotionalBias
 Glassceilingsare undoubtedlystill athingintoday’ssociety.Manywomenfeel thatthe ladder
for themonlygoessohighin the workingworld.There are variousreasonsforthis;having
childrenbeingthe mainone.
 Increasingly,companiesare beingtakentotaskfor genderdiscriminationandvictimsare finding
it easiertohave theirclaimsheardandupheld.
 Accordingto UrbanMinistry.org,"womenmayworklongertoreceive the promotionsthat
provide accessto higherpay.
2. Pay:
• Womenearnedonly83 percentof what menearnedworkingcomparable hoursin2015,
accordingto a PewResearchCenterstudy.Thisismarkedlybetterthanin1980, however,when
womenearnedonly67 centsfor eachdollarearnedbymales.
• Womenmustwork onaverage an additional 44days to earnthe same annual salaryas their
male counterparts.
• Evenin jobscategoriessuchaschildcare that are predominantlyoccupiedbywomen,theystill
onlyearnabout 95 percentof men'swagesforperformingthe same jobs.
Pay gap between mothers and non-mothers:
It has also been found that there is a pay gap between mothers and non-mothers. "Mothers
were recommended a 7.9% lower starting salary than non-mothers" (Correll and Bernard
2005)
3. Position Bias
Many positionshave become synonymouswiththe genderof a person.Forexample,secretaries
and receptionistsare almostalwayswomen.Itshouldnotmatterwhatgendera personis,but
insteadtheirqualificationsandskillsetshouldbe takenintoconsideration.The genderthathas
traditionallyfilledapositionneedstobecome irrelevantinthe hiringprocesssothatall qualified
applicantscanbe consideredforthe job.
4. Benefits:
Your company'shealthinsurance policydoesnotcoveryourspouse,because itisassumedthat
he will have hisownbenefits,while yourmale coworkershave theirwivescoveredbythe policy.

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Because yourhusbandisbetweenjobs,youhave topayincreasedhealthbenefitsonhisbehalf
that yourcoworkersdo notpay for theirwives.
Causes of Gender Inequality:
There are sortingoutproceduresthatdeliverclass,racial,andsexual orientationimbalances.
Numerousdisparitieshappeninlightof understoodinclination.Manyindividualshave
contendedthatthe ladiespickuptheirsocial positionfromthe menaroundthem, forexample,
theirfathersandtheirspouses.Thisisonthe groundsthat womanhoodhas,all throughhistory,
beenascribedtokidbearingandraisinga family.Business,andthe advantagesthat
accompaniedit,generallycame aftertheirfamilylife.Inthe workenvironmentitisrequired
that a laborerappearson time andworksconsistentlyforthe whole workday,whichtypically
comprisesof eighthours.Since ladieswere incharge of bringingupyoungsters,theyhad
significantlylesstimeandadaptabilitytoshare inall dayemployments,andsubsequentlyladies
inthe workforce were forthe mostpart justfoundinlow maintenance positions.Thispatternis
a piece of what promptscurrentdisparity.
Some commoncausesof genderinequalityare:
TAKING CARE OF FAMILY:Womenlosingseniorityandmissingoutonwage increasesfrom
workinglesshourstakingcare of theirfamilies.
STEREOTYPES: More womenare hiredinthe healthcare fieldastheyare
consideredmore nurturingthenmen,orworkinginchildcare,officework.There isalsoless
unionization,solessprotection.
EDUCATION: In the pastwomenhadlowerlevelsof educationsowere unable toget
betterjobs,thisischangingandmore womennow are gettingpost-secondaryeducation.
GLASS CEILING:The invisiblebarrierthatkeepsminoritiesandwomenfromrising
upwardson the corporate ladder,regardlessof theirqualificationsorachievements
SEXUAL HARASSMENT: Many womenare sexuallyharassedandbelittledatwork,and
some too afraidto come forwardincase itjeopardizestheirjob.
DISCRIMINATION:Some girls/womenare onlyhiredif theylookacertainway.
Plato and Aristotle's view of the nature and capabilities of women:
Plato,inthe Republic,contendsthatladiesoughttohave the capacityto goup againsta similar
social parts similarlywithmeninhisoptimal state.Histhoughtsdependonthe view thatladies
and menhave an indistinguishable nature inregardtoactingfrom caretakers of the state,with
the exceptionof thatthe one isweakerwhile the otherismore grounded.Be that as itmay,

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onlyone age laterAristotle returnsladiestotheirconventional partsinthe house,being
subservienttomen.There isnoequalityinnature forAristotle,andinthe Politicshe declares:
“..asregardsthe sexes,themale is by naturesuperiorand the femaleinferior,the male ruler and
the femalesubject.And thesamemustnecessarily apply to all mankind. “
Gender Discrimination -- It Happens To Men, Too:
• VenturaCorporation,awholesalerof beautyproducts,wassuedbythe EEOC (Equal
EmploymentOpportunityCommission)fordiscriminatingagainstmen -- the companyrefusedto
hire menas salesreps.
• Talk showhostJimmy Fallonandhisnetwork,NBC,wasalsosuedfordiscriminatorypractices
againstmen.
• Eventhe federal governmentisnotperfectwhenitcomestodiscriminationagainstmen.In
April 2012, ABC newsreportedthat"a male employee of the FederalBureauof Investigation is
suingthe agencyfor genderdiscrimination,claimingthata physical fitnesstest tobecome anFBI
agentis biasedagainstmen."
How AreMen Discriminated Against?
• youngermenare more likelytobe promotedorhired,there are situationsin whichmenare
discriminatedagainstsimplybecause theyare meninexactlythe same waysinwhichwomen
are discriminatedagainstfornootherreasonthanthat theyare female.
• It doesnotmatter whetheryouare male or female,discriminationbasedonaperson'sgenderis
illegal inthe UnitedStates.
• It alsodoesnotfostera great workingenvironmentwhenanyindividual orgroupof people
receive favoritismoveranother.

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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_inequality
 https://www.thebalance.com/gender-discrimination-against-women-and-men-3515719
 https://www.forensicnotes.com/gender-discrimination-in-the-workplace
 https://www.classicsnetwork.com/essays/the-nature-of-women-in-plato-and/786
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_harassment
 http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang--en/index.htm
 http://www.debate.org/opinions/is-child-labor-ethical
 http://dameanusabun.blogspot.com/2016/08/child-labor-and-its-morality-from.html
 https://paycheck.pk/main/labour-laws/fair-treatment/minors-and-youth/child-labour
 https://www.importantindia.com/25558/child-labour-meaning-causes-effects-solution/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worst_Forms_of_Child_Labour_Convention
 https://www.dawn.com/news/1264451
 http://www.iep.utm.edu/hum-rts/