The document discusses the "Duty of Disclosure" requirement under the Indian Patents Act for patent applications filed in India. It provides details on the history and interpretation of Section 8 of the Act, which mandates disclosing information on corresponding foreign patent applications. It outlines the time limits and details to be provided, and consequences of non-compliance such as grounds for pre-grant opposition, post-grant opposition, and revocation. It also summarizes two court cases where patents were revoked for violating Section 8 by not submitting information on foreign applications.
This document provides an overview of anti-defection laws in India. It defines defection as a member abandoning loyalty to their political party. Large scale defections after the 1967 elections affected legislative functioning and led to the 52nd amendment adding the 10th schedule on anti-defection. This lays out grounds for disqualification of defecting members of political parties or independents. It discusses related court cases and loopholes regarding splits, mergers and the status of expelled members.
This document discusses false accusations and the rights of those falsely accused. It notes that false accusation occurs when a person is unlawfully prosecuted for a crime they did not commit. There are legal claims such as defamation of character, malicious prosecution, and false imprisonment that can be pursued. India believes in the principle that it is better for guilty persons to escape than for innocent persons to suffer. The document outlines sections of Indian penal code related to punishing false accusers.
This document discusses parliamentary privilege in India. It provides addresses for Altacit Global offices in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then discusses that parliamentary privilege refers to the rights and immunities enjoyed by parliament and its members to discharge their functions. This includes freedom of speech in parliament and immunity from legal proceedings for views expressed. It outlines some relevant legal statutes and constitutional provisions regarding parliamentary privilege in India.
Government control over licensing fee - an analysisAltacit Global
This document provides contact information for the offices of Altacit in various cities across India, including addresses and phone numbers. It also lists an email address and website for the company.
The document contains information about Altacit, an organization that provides technology transfer services. It lists their office addresses and contact details in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad. It then discusses definitions, methods, pros and cons, financial implications, and the conclusion that technology transfer plays an important role in development.
The document discusses medical negligence in sports in India. With the rise of professional sports leagues, more players and amateur athletes are participating in sports. This has led to more sports-related injuries that require treatment from team doctors. Some cases of medical malpractice or negligence in treating injuries have caused further harm to athletes and potentially ended their careers. Proper laws and guidelines around sports medicine and liability for negligence are needed as sports participation increases in India.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Transplantation of Human Organs Act 1994 in India. It outlines the following:
1. The Act regulates removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purposes and prevents commercial dealings of human organs. It defines organs and tissues that can be transplanted.
2. The Act establishes authorities to regulate and authorize organ transplants. It recognizes brain-stem death and permits organ donation from deceased donors.
3. The Act defines live donors as near relatives or non-relatives with approval. It covers principal areas like authority for organ removal, hospital registration and offenses/penalties.
The document discusses the ongoing debate around the application of non-violation complaints (NVCs) under the WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). It outlines the positions of developed and developing countries on this issue, and notes that a moratorium on NVCs under TRIPS has been extended repeatedly at Ministerial Conferences due to the lack of agreement on how they should be handled for intellectual property disputes.
This document provides an overview of anti-defection laws in India. It defines defection as a member abandoning loyalty to their political party. Large scale defections after the 1967 elections affected legislative functioning and led to the 52nd amendment adding the 10th schedule on anti-defection. This lays out grounds for disqualification of defecting members of political parties or independents. It discusses related court cases and loopholes regarding splits, mergers and the status of expelled members.
This document discusses false accusations and the rights of those falsely accused. It notes that false accusation occurs when a person is unlawfully prosecuted for a crime they did not commit. There are legal claims such as defamation of character, malicious prosecution, and false imprisonment that can be pursued. India believes in the principle that it is better for guilty persons to escape than for innocent persons to suffer. The document outlines sections of Indian penal code related to punishing false accusers.
This document discusses parliamentary privilege in India. It provides addresses for Altacit Global offices in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then discusses that parliamentary privilege refers to the rights and immunities enjoyed by parliament and its members to discharge their functions. This includes freedom of speech in parliament and immunity from legal proceedings for views expressed. It outlines some relevant legal statutes and constitutional provisions regarding parliamentary privilege in India.
Government control over licensing fee - an analysisAltacit Global
This document provides contact information for the offices of Altacit in various cities across India, including addresses and phone numbers. It also lists an email address and website for the company.
The document contains information about Altacit, an organization that provides technology transfer services. It lists their office addresses and contact details in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad. It then discusses definitions, methods, pros and cons, financial implications, and the conclusion that technology transfer plays an important role in development.
The document discusses medical negligence in sports in India. With the rise of professional sports leagues, more players and amateur athletes are participating in sports. This has led to more sports-related injuries that require treatment from team doctors. Some cases of medical malpractice or negligence in treating injuries have caused further harm to athletes and potentially ended their careers. Proper laws and guidelines around sports medicine and liability for negligence are needed as sports participation increases in India.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Transplantation of Human Organs Act 1994 in India. It outlines the following:
1. The Act regulates removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purposes and prevents commercial dealings of human organs. It defines organs and tissues that can be transplanted.
2. The Act establishes authorities to regulate and authorize organ transplants. It recognizes brain-stem death and permits organ donation from deceased donors.
3. The Act defines live donors as near relatives or non-relatives with approval. It covers principal areas like authority for organ removal, hospital registration and offenses/penalties.
The document discusses the ongoing debate around the application of non-violation complaints (NVCs) under the WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). It outlines the positions of developed and developing countries on this issue, and notes that a moratorium on NVCs under TRIPS has been extended repeatedly at Ministerial Conferences due to the lack of agreement on how they should be handled for intellectual property disputes.
The document discusses euthanasia law in India. It summarizes that the Supreme Court has allowed passive euthanasia for terminally ill patients or those in a persistent vegetative state through living wills. Strict guidelines must be followed, including approval from a medical board that all life-saving options have been exhausted. The landmark case that led to this ruling involved Aruna Shanbaug, who was in a vegetative state for over 40 years.
This document contains contact information for the Altacit company in various Indian cities - Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad. It also lists an email address and website.
This document provides information about domestic violence in India, including:
- Domestic violence is endemic and widespread in India, predominantly against women. Around 70% of women experience domestic violence.
- National Crime Records Bureau statistics show a crime against a woman occurs every 3 minutes in India.
- The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 provides legal remedies and protections for victims of domestic abuse.
Accounts payable and receivable introductionsAltacit Global
The document discusses accounts payable and receivable processes. It describes accounts payable as money owed to creditors for goods or services purchased on credit. The accounts payable process involves verifying vendor invoices by matching them to purchase orders and receipts. Accounts receivable is money owed by customers who purchased goods or services on credit. Companies must monitor accounts receivable aging and estimate uncollectible amounts to maintain accurate financial reporting.
The document discusses the rights of transgender people in India. It provides addresses and contact information for the Altacit organization in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then outlines some of the key problems faced by transgender communities like discrimination, lack of education and medical facilities, and exclusion from social, economic, political participation. It also summarizes some important court cases that have promoted transgender rights like the NALSA case and Naz Foundation case. It highlights some rights guaranteed under the constitution and discusses policies to support transgender welfare in Tamil Nadu.
The document discusses the process of trademark rectification in India. It explains that rectification allows correcting errors or omissions in trademark registrations. An aggrieved party can file a rectification petition. The registry notifies the registered proprietor and matters proceed through evidence filing and a final hearing. Orders are appealable to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board.
This document provides an overview of defamation laws in India. It outlines what constitutes defamation according to Indian law, the basic elements needed for a defamation case, exceptions, and differences between civil and criminal defamation. Specifically, it notes that defamation involves imputations that harm someone's reputation, the person must be identified, and the statement must be published. Defenses include statements that are truthful or opinions on public figures. Defamation can result in civil lawsuits seeking damages or criminal charges with possible imprisonment.
This document discusses gene patenting and related legal issues. It provides information on genes and what gene patents are. It summarizes debates around patenting genes, including key cases like Diamond v. Chakraborty. It also discusses gene editing technologies like CRISPR and major players developing CRISPR therapies.
This document discusses the rights of the unborn child under various statutes in India. It summarizes key provisions from several acts and codes:
- The Limitation Act 1953 considers an unborn child as a minor for the purposes of filing legal claims.
- The Indian Succession Act 1925 defines a minor as under 18, implying an unborn child is also considered a minor.
- The Indian Penal Code 1860 criminalizes causing miscarriage or death of an unborn child in certain situations.
- The Hindu Succession Act 1956 grants an unborn child equal inheritance rights as a born child for intestate succession.
The document analyzes how different laws in India implicitly or explicitly recognize various rights
The document discusses biopiracy and traditional knowledge protection in India. It describes how traditional Indian knowledge related to turmeric was patented in the US, leading to India's first successful challenge of a patent based on traditional knowledge. It also outlines how India is working to prevent biopiracy through defensive publication of traditional knowledge in its Traditional Knowledge Digital Library and exploring positive protection under intellectual property law.
Savelife foundation and; anr vs union of india and anrAltacit Global
This document summarizes a public interest litigation filed in the Supreme Court of India in 2012 by SaveLIFE Foundation seeking protective guidelines for Good Samaritans or bystanders who assist victims of road accidents. SaveLIFE Foundation conducted a study finding that most Indians hesitate to help accident victims due to fears of legal hassles. The Supreme Court established a committee whose recommendations led to the notification of Good Samaritan guidelines by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways in 2015, providing legal protection to those who assist accident victims.
This document provides information about the death penalty in India. It begins with definitions of death penalty and an overview of its history and current status in India. It then discusses the stages of a death penalty case in India, the methods of execution, statistics on death row inmates and executions. It also outlines categories of offenders excluded from the death penalty, such as juveniles, pregnant women, mentally ill and intellectually disabled persons. In summary, the document covers what the death penalty is, its history and process in India, current death row demographics and legal exclusions.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 • The Cinematograph Act of 1952 provides for the certification of films for public exhibition in India and regulates exhibitions through cinematography.
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 • A Board of Film Certification examines films and grants certificates like U (unrestricted public exhibition), UA (unrestricted public exhibition with endorsements), A (for adults only), or S (for special classes).
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
The document discusses the potential impact of Brexit on patent systems in Europe. It notes that while the UK would remain part of the European Patent Convention, a Brexit could delay or prevent the implementation of the planned Unified Patent Court and Unitary Patent. This would mean patent holders would need to validate patents nationally in the UK rather than benefit from pan-European coverage. The long-term implications for intellectual property rights protection after Brexit remain uncertain. IP owners will need to consider how their existing rights may be affected.
The document discusses anticipatory bail under Indian law. It provides details on:
- What anticipatory bail is and the section that empowers courts to grant it (Section 438)
- The courts that have jurisdiction to grant anticipatory bail - High Courts and Courts of Session
- The factors courts consider when deciding anticipatory bail applications
- Conditions courts can impose when granting anticipatory bail
- When a person can apply for anticipatory bail and the wide discretion courts have in deciding applications
Patentability of graphical user interface designsAltacit Global
The document discusses the patentability of graphical user interface (GUI) designs. It provides information on the following:
1) GUIs are the visual aspects of operating systems, programs, apps, etc. and can be protected by design patents, which protect the look and feel of a design.
2) Design patents are narrow in scope and cover only exact or near-exact copies. They protect specific elements, colors, and placements of GUI components.
3) Copyright can protect individual GUI elements and compilations, as long as the elements demonstrate original expression. GUIs can also be protected as audiovisual works.
Role of sebi in market management and corporate governanceAltacit Global
The document discusses the role of the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in regulating the capital markets and corporate governance in India. It provides details on SEBI's objectives to protect investors, regulate intermediaries and ensure fair practices in the market. SEBI functions through departments and advisory committees to achieve its goals of regulatory oversight, transparency and investor protection. It oversees stock exchanges, licenses brokers and monitors mergers and acquisitions. SEBI aims to create an efficient market that facilitates business needs while preventing fraud and promoting good governance.
The document discusses the issue of legalizing euthanasia in India. It provides background on euthanasia and how it is classified. While most religions forbid euthanasia, some countries like the Netherlands have legalized it. In India, the right to life has been interpreted by courts as including the right to die with dignity. The Supreme Court has allowed for passive euthanasia in specific cases like withdrawing life support for patients in a permanent vegetative state. However, actively assisting suicide remains illegal. The debate around legalizing euthanasia in India is ongoing.
This document discusses product liability laws in India. It provides an overview of key laws governing product liability including the Consumer Protection Act 1986, Sale of Goods Act 1930, Indian Penal Code 1860, and Public Liability Insurance Act 1991. It outlines the definition of a product, concept of product liability, rights of consumers, forums for grievance redressal, and penalties for defective products under these laws.
This document provides information about public interest litigation (PIL) in India. It defines PIL as legal action initiated in court for the enforcement of a general interest in which a class or community has a pecuniary or other interest. It discusses where a PIL can be filed (High Court or Supreme Court), who can file one (any socially conscious person or NGO), and examples of cases that are and are not typically entertained as PILs. The document also gives a brief history of the introduction and development of PIL in India since the 1970s.
This document discusses child labour in India. It provides an overview of the causes of child labour including poverty, lack of access to education, and inadequate laws. It outlines industries where child labour is prevalent and laws that have been enacted to regulate child labour. Key laws discussed are the Factories Act, Mines Act, Child Labour Act, and Right to Education Act. It also mentions NGOs working to address child labour and the proposed 2016 amendment to further prohibit child labour.
La atención farmacéutica es un proceso cooperativo para proporcionar terapia farmacológica a pacientes individuales de manera responsable. Tiene como objetivos buscar, prevenir y resolver problemas relacionados con medicamentos para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. El farmacéutico juega varios roles como cuidador del servicio de medicamentos, tomador de decisiones eficaz y seguro sobre medicamentos, comunicador entre médicos y pacientes, gestor de recursos y investigador basado en evidencia científica.
The document discusses euthanasia law in India. It summarizes that the Supreme Court has allowed passive euthanasia for terminally ill patients or those in a persistent vegetative state through living wills. Strict guidelines must be followed, including approval from a medical board that all life-saving options have been exhausted. The landmark case that led to this ruling involved Aruna Shanbaug, who was in a vegetative state for over 40 years.
This document contains contact information for the Altacit company in various Indian cities - Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad. It also lists an email address and website.
This document provides information about domestic violence in India, including:
- Domestic violence is endemic and widespread in India, predominantly against women. Around 70% of women experience domestic violence.
- National Crime Records Bureau statistics show a crime against a woman occurs every 3 minutes in India.
- The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 provides legal remedies and protections for victims of domestic abuse.
Accounts payable and receivable introductionsAltacit Global
The document discusses accounts payable and receivable processes. It describes accounts payable as money owed to creditors for goods or services purchased on credit. The accounts payable process involves verifying vendor invoices by matching them to purchase orders and receipts. Accounts receivable is money owed by customers who purchased goods or services on credit. Companies must monitor accounts receivable aging and estimate uncollectible amounts to maintain accurate financial reporting.
The document discusses the rights of transgender people in India. It provides addresses and contact information for the Altacit organization in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then outlines some of the key problems faced by transgender communities like discrimination, lack of education and medical facilities, and exclusion from social, economic, political participation. It also summarizes some important court cases that have promoted transgender rights like the NALSA case and Naz Foundation case. It highlights some rights guaranteed under the constitution and discusses policies to support transgender welfare in Tamil Nadu.
The document discusses the process of trademark rectification in India. It explains that rectification allows correcting errors or omissions in trademark registrations. An aggrieved party can file a rectification petition. The registry notifies the registered proprietor and matters proceed through evidence filing and a final hearing. Orders are appealable to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board.
This document provides an overview of defamation laws in India. It outlines what constitutes defamation according to Indian law, the basic elements needed for a defamation case, exceptions, and differences between civil and criminal defamation. Specifically, it notes that defamation involves imputations that harm someone's reputation, the person must be identified, and the statement must be published. Defenses include statements that are truthful or opinions on public figures. Defamation can result in civil lawsuits seeking damages or criminal charges with possible imprisonment.
This document discusses gene patenting and related legal issues. It provides information on genes and what gene patents are. It summarizes debates around patenting genes, including key cases like Diamond v. Chakraborty. It also discusses gene editing technologies like CRISPR and major players developing CRISPR therapies.
This document discusses the rights of the unborn child under various statutes in India. It summarizes key provisions from several acts and codes:
- The Limitation Act 1953 considers an unborn child as a minor for the purposes of filing legal claims.
- The Indian Succession Act 1925 defines a minor as under 18, implying an unborn child is also considered a minor.
- The Indian Penal Code 1860 criminalizes causing miscarriage or death of an unborn child in certain situations.
- The Hindu Succession Act 1956 grants an unborn child equal inheritance rights as a born child for intestate succession.
The document analyzes how different laws in India implicitly or explicitly recognize various rights
The document discusses biopiracy and traditional knowledge protection in India. It describes how traditional Indian knowledge related to turmeric was patented in the US, leading to India's first successful challenge of a patent based on traditional knowledge. It also outlines how India is working to prevent biopiracy through defensive publication of traditional knowledge in its Traditional Knowledge Digital Library and exploring positive protection under intellectual property law.
Savelife foundation and; anr vs union of india and anrAltacit Global
This document summarizes a public interest litigation filed in the Supreme Court of India in 2012 by SaveLIFE Foundation seeking protective guidelines for Good Samaritans or bystanders who assist victims of road accidents. SaveLIFE Foundation conducted a study finding that most Indians hesitate to help accident victims due to fears of legal hassles. The Supreme Court established a committee whose recommendations led to the notification of Good Samaritan guidelines by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways in 2015, providing legal protection to those who assist accident victims.
This document provides information about the death penalty in India. It begins with definitions of death penalty and an overview of its history and current status in India. It then discusses the stages of a death penalty case in India, the methods of execution, statistics on death row inmates and executions. It also outlines categories of offenders excluded from the death penalty, such as juveniles, pregnant women, mentally ill and intellectually disabled persons. In summary, the document covers what the death penalty is, its history and process in India, current death row demographics and legal exclusions.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 • The Cinematograph Act of 1952 provides for the certification of films for public exhibition in India and regulates exhibitions through cinematography.
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 • A Board of Film Certification examines films and grants certificates like U (unrestricted public exhibition), UA (unrestricted public exhibition with endorsements), A (for adults only), or S (for special classes).
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
The document discusses the potential impact of Brexit on patent systems in Europe. It notes that while the UK would remain part of the European Patent Convention, a Brexit could delay or prevent the implementation of the planned Unified Patent Court and Unitary Patent. This would mean patent holders would need to validate patents nationally in the UK rather than benefit from pan-European coverage. The long-term implications for intellectual property rights protection after Brexit remain uncertain. IP owners will need to consider how their existing rights may be affected.
The document discusses anticipatory bail under Indian law. It provides details on:
- What anticipatory bail is and the section that empowers courts to grant it (Section 438)
- The courts that have jurisdiction to grant anticipatory bail - High Courts and Courts of Session
- The factors courts consider when deciding anticipatory bail applications
- Conditions courts can impose when granting anticipatory bail
- When a person can apply for anticipatory bail and the wide discretion courts have in deciding applications
Patentability of graphical user interface designsAltacit Global
The document discusses the patentability of graphical user interface (GUI) designs. It provides information on the following:
1) GUIs are the visual aspects of operating systems, programs, apps, etc. and can be protected by design patents, which protect the look and feel of a design.
2) Design patents are narrow in scope and cover only exact or near-exact copies. They protect specific elements, colors, and placements of GUI components.
3) Copyright can protect individual GUI elements and compilations, as long as the elements demonstrate original expression. GUIs can also be protected as audiovisual works.
Role of sebi in market management and corporate governanceAltacit Global
The document discusses the role of the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in regulating the capital markets and corporate governance in India. It provides details on SEBI's objectives to protect investors, regulate intermediaries and ensure fair practices in the market. SEBI functions through departments and advisory committees to achieve its goals of regulatory oversight, transparency and investor protection. It oversees stock exchanges, licenses brokers and monitors mergers and acquisitions. SEBI aims to create an efficient market that facilitates business needs while preventing fraud and promoting good governance.
The document discusses the issue of legalizing euthanasia in India. It provides background on euthanasia and how it is classified. While most religions forbid euthanasia, some countries like the Netherlands have legalized it. In India, the right to life has been interpreted by courts as including the right to die with dignity. The Supreme Court has allowed for passive euthanasia in specific cases like withdrawing life support for patients in a permanent vegetative state. However, actively assisting suicide remains illegal. The debate around legalizing euthanasia in India is ongoing.
This document discusses product liability laws in India. It provides an overview of key laws governing product liability including the Consumer Protection Act 1986, Sale of Goods Act 1930, Indian Penal Code 1860, and Public Liability Insurance Act 1991. It outlines the definition of a product, concept of product liability, rights of consumers, forums for grievance redressal, and penalties for defective products under these laws.
This document provides information about public interest litigation (PIL) in India. It defines PIL as legal action initiated in court for the enforcement of a general interest in which a class or community has a pecuniary or other interest. It discusses where a PIL can be filed (High Court or Supreme Court), who can file one (any socially conscious person or NGO), and examples of cases that are and are not typically entertained as PILs. The document also gives a brief history of the introduction and development of PIL in India since the 1970s.
This document discusses child labour in India. It provides an overview of the causes of child labour including poverty, lack of access to education, and inadequate laws. It outlines industries where child labour is prevalent and laws that have been enacted to regulate child labour. Key laws discussed are the Factories Act, Mines Act, Child Labour Act, and Right to Education Act. It also mentions NGOs working to address child labour and the proposed 2016 amendment to further prohibit child labour.
La atención farmacéutica es un proceso cooperativo para proporcionar terapia farmacológica a pacientes individuales de manera responsable. Tiene como objetivos buscar, prevenir y resolver problemas relacionados con medicamentos para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. El farmacéutico juega varios roles como cuidador del servicio de medicamentos, tomador de decisiones eficaz y seguro sobre medicamentos, comunicador entre médicos y pacientes, gestor de recursos y investigador basado en evidencia científica.
This document discusses transparency and disclosure regarding interactions between the medical technology industry and healthcare professionals. It supports transparency as outlined in the Eucomed Code of Ethical Business Practice and understands calls for financial transparency involving disclosure of payments and transfers of value from companies to HCPs. However, financial transparency requirements should be proportionate, achieve their objective without rendering cooperation impossible, and not compromise personal or proprietary information. The document recommends categories of payments that could be disclosed, exclusions, recipients, publication obligations, levels of detail, frequency and location. It emphasizes the need to balance costs and benefits and allow sufficient implementation time.
O documento descreve o projeto BemBoa, que usa gesso reciclado de construção civil na formulação de tinta. O processo produz tinta de maneira ecológica e sustentável, preservando lençóis freáticos e solos. Detalha também o processo de produção, embalagem e planos de investimento e distribuição da tinta BemBoa.
This document describes an RFID-based toll tax collection system. It consists of an RFID reader, RFID tags attached to vehicles, a microcontroller, LCD display, keypad, and motor drive to control the toll gate. When a vehicle with an RFID tag approaches the toll plaza, the RFID reader scans the unique ID on the tag. The microcontroller then processes the payment and opens the gate. This system allows drivers to pay electronically without stopping, reducing congestion. It provides benefits over manual collection such as increased convenience, less operating costs, and improved transaction transparency.
Este documento describe un potaje de garbanzos con espinacas y bacalao que incluye legumbres, pescado, huevos, verduras y aceite de oliva. Los principales nutrientes que proporciona son proteínas de origen animal y vegetal, hidratos de carbono complejos de los garbanzos y grasas del aceite de oliva. La información sobre la receta y sus nutrientes se obtuvo de YouTube y apuntes de nutrición.
El documento proporciona un resumen de las comidas y meriendas del día anterior de una persona. Por la mañana tomó kéfir con leche entera, kiwi y higos secos. Para la comida comió judías verdes con hígado de pollo y nueces crudas. Cenó una tortilla de huevo con queso y ensalada de tomate y aguacate, y tomó manzana de postre. No consumió nada entre horas.
La ensalada de pollo a la parrilla contiene una variedad de alimentos que proporcionan una amplia gama de nutrientes. Las pechugas de pollo son una fuente de proteínas de alto valor biológico, hierro y otros minerales. Los vegetales como la lechuga, el tomate y el pimiento amarillo aportan vitaminas A, C y K, así como fibra, potasio y otros nutrientes. Los frutos secos como el aguacate y el maíz dulce contienen grasas saludables, vitaminas y miner
This document discusses Dart Diagnostics, a startup developing a modular plug-and-play element for signal multiplication in real-time detection, valued at $14.7 billion in 2015. The founders have extensive experience and awards in areas like biophysics, biochemistry, and nanomedicine. Dart has obtained seed funding and is validating its technology by comparing it to commercial kits for food safety and clinical diagnostics. Upon further validation and patenting, the company aims to expand into microfluidic devices, seek additional funding, and pursue partnerships, licensing agreements, or acquisition by a pharmaceutical/diagnostics firm.
PakketMail is a shipping platform that connects e-commerce stores to carriers, providing a plug-and-play multi-carrier shipping interface with discounted rates and full logistics support. They have seen over 13% monthly growth on average and generated over €100k in monthly revenue per customer. PakketMail is currently operating in the Netherlands and expanding to Spain, Portugal, and Poland, with the goal of making shipping faster, cheaper and hassle-free for online stores.
- C2C-NewCap has evolved its supercapacitor design over the last 12 months from using pure nickel-cobalt dendrite electrodes to a nickel electrode doped with nickel-cobalt dendrites and a carbon electrode. This new design provides higher capacitance density and safer operation with an aqueous electrolyte.
- The company's core activities involve assembly and quality control of unit cells and modules. Prototyping is underway and plans are in place for pre-series production and seeking a Series A investment round.
- Potential applications of C2C-NewCap's supercapacitors include engine cranking, renewable energy grid support, and automated vehicles, offering advantages over competitors in terms of installation/assembly
Colbi provides software that uses accounting records to detect tax fraud and ensure compliance. It is used by over 5,500 companies in Poland and 600 in Portugal. Colbi's software analyzes companies' Standard Audit File records to identify non-compliance and potential fraud, allowing tax authorities and companies to ensure rules are followed. The company has received funding, contracts with several government agencies, and has growing adoption among large corporations and small- and medium-sized businesses.
This document discusses criminal defamation under Indian law. It defines defamation and explains that in India, defamation can be both a civil and criminal offense. Under the Indian Penal Code, a person found guilty of criminal defamation can be sentenced to up to two years in jail. Some common defenses against defamation claims include proving the statement was true, that it was a privileged communication, or constituted fair comment. The document also discusses a Supreme Court case involving the actor Shah Rukh Khan regarding alleged defamatory dialogue in one of his films.
This document discusses the pet care market, which is valued at 84 billion euros. It introduces Petable, a preventative pet healthcare platform with mobile and web-based components. Petable has over 45,000 users across Portugal, Brazil, Spain and the US, with 20% market share in Portugal and 3% churn after 1 year. The platform aims to increase compliance with health plans by up to 30% and visits to clinics by up to 25% through engagement and live data sharing between pet owners and vets.
Prominence of ethical hacking in cyber crimesAltacit Global
The document provides contact information for various locations of a company called Altacit in different cities across India. It then discusses the importance of ethical hacking in combating cyber crimes. Ethical hacking involves authorized penetration testing of systems to identify vulnerabilities and strengthen security. It is done by "white hat" hackers for legitimate purposes unlike "black hat" hacking which involves illegal activities. The document outlines types of hackers, advantages of ethical hacking, skills required to become an ethical hacker and measures to safeguard against hacking.
El documento resume la dieta de una persona durante 24 horas, incluyendo los alimentos y bebidas consumidos en el desayuno, comida, merienda, cena y entre horas. En el desayuno se tomaron zumo de naranja, café con leche y plátano. La comida consistió en crema de calabaza, muslo de pollo con ensalada y manzana. En la merienda se tomó yogur natural, y la cena incluyó judías verdes al ajillo, merluza a la plancha con patatas y piña. Entre horas se comió
The document discusses electronic toll collection (ETC) systems. The key components of an ETC system include RFID tags mounted on vehicles, readers that communicate with the tags, and in-lane computers. RFID tags contain identification information and payment details. Readers detect tags as vehicles approach and verify payment. In-lane computers then deduct the correct toll from the account and open gates to allow passage. ETC systems allow cashless tolling, reduce congestion at toll plazas, and provide a more convenient driving experience.
This document outlines the process for restoring a lapsed patent in India. It discusses how a patent owner can file an application for restoration within 18 months of the patent lapsing due to non-payment of renewal fees. The application must show the failure to pay was unintentional and there has been no undue delay. It describes the publication, opposition, and hearing process and notes restored patents include provisions to protect intervening users.
The document discusses the requirements for compliance with Section 8 of the Indian Patents Act when filing foreign patent applications. It provides an overview of Section 8 and Rule 12 which require applicants to file statements regarding corresponding foreign applications. It summarizes some key court cases that evaluate Section 8 compliance and the standard for revocation of a patent due to non-compliance. Specifically, it finds that non-compliance must be intentional or material to the patent granting decision. The document concludes with recommendations for applicants to diligently submit all required documents to avoid unintentionally missing information.
This document contains contact information for various Altacit office locations in India, including addresses, phone numbers, and emails. It also includes brief summaries of topics related to international copyright treaties such as the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT), Berne Convention, 3-step test, flexibilities under copyright, and India's accession to the WCT and WPPT.
This document provides contact information for various offices of Altacit, an IP services firm, located in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, and Cochin. It also provides information on IP protection and registration services offered, including patents, designs, trademarks, and copyright. Key services discussed are patent and design filing, prosecution, and international protection under treaties.
This document summarizes a legal case filed by Plaintiff M/s. Inphase Power Technologies against former employees who have now started their own competing business. The Plaintiff alleges that the Defendants have infringed on their patent for STATCOM devices and misappropriated trade secrets and confidential information obtained during their employment. The Plaintiff is seeking injunctions and damages. The Defendants deny the allegations and claim their product contains significant differences from the Plaintiff's.
This document provides contact information for various offices of a law firm called Altacit located in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, and Cochin. It then provides information on succession law in India, including an overview of the Indian Succession Act of 1925, testamentary versus intestate succession, applicability to communities, definitions of a will, essential features of a will, persons competent to make a will, the role and appointment of executors, execution of a will including the probate process, and related topics.
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This document discusses an application by Lee Pharma to the Indian patent office for a compulsory license on AstraZeneca's patented anti-diabetic drug saxagliptin. The controller rejected the application on the grounds that Lee Pharma did not adequately demonstrate that the patented invention was not meeting the reasonable requirements of the public, was not available at a reasonably affordable price, or was not being worked in India's territory.
This document contains information about copyright law in India. It discusses key topics like what copyright is, the Copyright Amendment Act of 2012, transfer of copyright ownership, assignment of future copyright, and the future of digital copyright. The document provides contact information for multiple Altacit offices in various Indian cities and states their email and website.
Requirements for operation of civil remotely piloted aircraft systemAltacit Global
The document summarizes India's new Drone Regulation policy released by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) in August 2018. Some key points:
- The policy provides requirements for operating civil remotely piloted aircraft (drones), including obtaining operator permits and unique identification numbers.
- It establishes eligibility criteria for drone pilots, categories of drones based on weight, and restricted "red" and regulated "yellow" zones for drone flights.
- Violations can result in penalties like permit cancellations or legal action under the Indian Penal Code, with imprisonment and fines outlined in the Aircraft Act of 1934.
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The Technology Development Board (TDB) of India was established in 1996 to promote development and commercialization of indigenous technology. It provides financial assistance in the form of equity, loans, and grants to industrial companies and research institutions. TDB aims to support innovative projects, foster partnerships between industry and research organizations, and help create new jobs through technological development. It receives funds from government grants and recoveries and operates with the goal of making India a global leader in technology and innovation.
This document provides an overview of limited liability partnerships (LLPs) under Indian law. It discusses the origin and key features of LLPs, including that they provide limited liability for partners like companies but also allow flexibility in internal structure like partnerships. The document outlines the formation process for LLPs in India and compares LLPs to partnerships and private companies. It also discusses advantages of the LLP structure.
This document discusses revocation of power of attorney and its implications. It begins by defining power of attorney and describing the different types, including general vs special power of attorney. It then discusses the key steps and procedures for validly revoking a power of attorney, whether it is revocable or irrevocable. Specific conditions for revoking different types of powers of attorney are also outlined.
This document provides information about class action lawsuits, including:
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- Characteristics like numerosity, common questions of law/fact, and adequacy of representation.
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- Context for class actions in India under Order 1 Rule 8 of CPC and section 245 of Companies Act 2013.
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- Arnab Goswami, former editor of Times Now, frequently used the catchphrase "Nation wants to know" on his show. Both Goswami and Bennett Coleman & Co. (owners of Times Now) have applied to trademark the phrase.
- A legal battle has ensued over who has the right to trademark the phrase and whether it is distinctive enough to one party to be trademarked. Both sides are arguing over who popularized the phrase and who consumers most associate it with.
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This document provides an overview of anti-defection laws in India. It begins with definitions of defection and a brief history of why these laws were implemented. It describes the key aspects of the 10th Schedule added to the Constitution through the 52nd Amendment to define the disqualification process for defecting members. It outlines some loopholes related to party splits and mergers. Finally, it summarizes some important court cases related to interpreting aspects of the anti-defection laws.
This document contains contact information for various Altacit offices in India and introduces intellectual property. It defines intellectual property as intangible assets created by the human intellect. It then provides brief descriptions of various types of intellectual property including patents, trademarks, designs, copyright, geographical indications, traditional knowledge, trade dress, and trade secrets.
The document discusses the doctrine of originality in copyright. It provides details on the tests used to determine if a work is original and eligible for copyright protection including the sweat of the brow test, modicum of creativity test, and skill and judgement test. It also outlines the requirements for originality which include independent creation by the author with a minimal level of creativity. Indian law focuses on whether the author exercised skill and judgement in creating the work.
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The document provides information about the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code passed in India in 2016, including:
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2) It aims to reduce the time taken to resolve insolvency cases from an average of 4.3 years to 1 year.
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Similar to Violation of duty of disclosure in patents (20)
The document outlines key details from the draft Unmanned Aircraft System Rules, 2020 released by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) of India. Some of the major points covered in the draft rules include requiring prior authorization for manufacturing, importing, owning and operating drones; eligibility conditions for authorization; insurance requirements; rules around carrying payloads and restrictions on photography; and the framework for establishing drone ports and corridors. The document also discusses definitions related to unmanned aircraft systems and drones, categories of drones based on weight, and potential future areas where drones may be used such as for BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) operations and delivery of goods.
The document discusses the issue of sexual harassment during work from home arrangements brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that while employees are physically at home, they are still considered to be in the workplace as per law. Virtual forms of harassment can include inappropriate clothing or behavior during video calls, sending unwanted pictures, or demanding late night calls from female employees. Maintaining professional standards of conduct and being sensitive to how actions could make others uncomfortable are important to prevent virtual harassment during the pandemic.
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Returns and refunds consumer protection actAltacit Global
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This document provides contact information for various offices of Altacit, an organization based in India. It then discusses the grounds for divorce under Hindu marriage law in India. The key grounds covered are adultery, cruelty, desertion, conversion, insanity, renunciation, and presumption of death. Examples are provided for what constitutes each ground. It is noted that leprosy and venereal diseases were removed as grounds in 2015 at the suggestion of the UN.
This document provides information about alimony laws in India. It defines alimony as the right to receive maintenance after divorce. The main purposes of alimony are to prevent unfair financial impacts of divorce and allow a spouse to maintain their standard of living. The two types of alimony are interim and permanent. When determining alimony amounts, courts consider factors like earnings, marriage length, misconduct, and standard of living. Alimony is governed by different laws for Hindus, Muslims and other religions.
This document discusses different types of patent licensing. It defines patent licensing as granting permission to a third party to use, sell, and benefit from a patented invention in exchange for royalty payments. There are several types of patent licenses: exclusive licenses grant all rights except title to one licensee; non-exclusive licenses allow a patent owner to grant rights to multiple parties; sub-licenses are granted by licensees to third parties; and cross-licenses allow an exchange of licenses between companies. The document also discusses advantages like risk transfer and access to global markets, as well as challenges like loss of control and difficulty finding licensees.
This document summarizes surrogacy laws in India. It begins by defining surrogacy and explaining the different types, including traditional vs gestational and altruistic vs commercial. It then discusses the history and origins of surrogacy and assisted reproductive technology. The document analyzes India's Assisted Reproductive Technology Regulation Bill of 2010 and 2016, highlighting relevant sections that regulate surrogacy clinics, create oversight boards, ban commercial surrogacy, and penalize violations. Both the pros and cons of the bills are discussed. While banning commercial surrogacy aims to reduce exploitation, it also limits an industry that boosts India's economy. The conclusion acknowledges this is a start but flaws need addressing before the bill becomes law.
This document provides information about IRS Form W-9, including how it is used, how to complete it, acceptable filing methods, and its role in the tax filing process for independent contractors and self-employed individuals. Form W-9 is used by businesses to request taxpayer identification information from contractors to file 1099-MISC tax forms. It can be completed on paper or electronically, and helps payees avoid backup withholding by certifying they are not subject to it. Completing a W-9 is the first step for self-employed workers to have their tax returns filed.
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This document discusses celebrity rights in India. It begins with an introduction to celebrity rights as a significant development in intellectual property law that allows celebrities to benefit financially from their public image and prevent unauthorized commercial use. It then outlines the different types of celebrity rights, including personality rights, privacy rights, and publicity/merchandising rights. Key cases related to celebrity rights in India are also summarized. The document concludes by stating the need for specific celebrity rights legislation in India to protect celebrities while also respecting privacy and fundamental rights.
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The document discusses the legality of cryptocurrency in India. It provides an overview of cryptocurrency and important ones like Bitcoin. It outlines the Indian government's stance, including a past ban on cryptocurrency trading by the Reserve Bank of India. The legality of cryptocurrency in India remains unclear as the government works to establish a legal framework, but some existing laws around payments and securities may apply.
This document provides information about the Hague Apostille Convention, including its purpose and members. The key points are:
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सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
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A Critical Study of ICC Prosecutor's Move on GAZA War
Violation of duty of disclosure in patents
1. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
VIOLATION OF
“DUTY OF DISCLOSIRE”
IN
PATENTS
SUSHMA
ASSOCIATE- PATENTS
2. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
Every individual associated with the filing
and prosecution of a patent application has a
general “Duty to Disclose” certain
information related to the invention apart
from novelty, inventive step and working of
the invention.
INTRODUCTION
3. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
“Duty of Disclosure” is a peculiar requirement by the Indian Patent
Office in connection to a patent application filing in India. At the
time of filing a patent application in India, the applicant must submit
an undertaking stating that, he would keep the Controller updated
from time to time about patent applications filed outside India
relating to the same or substantially the same invention as filed in
India under section 8 & rule 12 of Patent Act & Rules. Such updates
shall be provided till the patent is granted in India. The objective of
seeking such information from the applicant is to assist the Indian
Patent Office in examining the Indian patent application.
IN INDIA
4. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
This provision was introduced subsequent to Justice N.
RAJAGOPALA AYYANGAR report titled “REPORT ON THE REVISION
OF PATENT LAW”. The suggestion provided in the report is:
“It would be of advantage therefore if the applicant is required to
state whether he has made any application for a patent for the
same or substantially the same invention as in India in any foreign
country or countries, the objections, if any, raised by the Patent
offices of such countries on the ground of novelty or un
patentability or otherwise and the amendments directed to be
made or actually made to the specification or claims in the foreign
country or countries.”
HISTORY
5. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
As per Sec 8(1), an applicant of an Indian patent application shall
provided detailed particulars about patent applications filed outside
India (foreign applications) for the same or substantially same
invention. It shall be noted that such detailed particulars will have to
be submitted as long as those foreign applications are filed by the
instant applicant, or by any person deriving title from him or by any
person through whom he derives title. The disclosure under Sec 8(1)
is a mandatory voluntary disclosure.
On the other hand, Sec 8 (2) of Indian patent Act empowers the
Controller to seek detailed particulars corresponding to the foreign
applications at any time during the prosecution of the Indian patent
application.
INTERPRETATION OF SECTION 8
6. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
•Within 6 months of filing the Indian patent application, wherein foreign
applications are filed or when the Controller is seeking to furnish such
information and should be filed in Form 3.
Details corresponding to filing of patent application, grant of patent,
issuance of examination report, response to examination report,
amendment of specification and objections to grant of patent, among
others. Hence, when such events occur with respect to foreign applications,
detailed particulars corresponding to such events should be furnished within
6 months from the date of occurrence of such an event.
Further, the applicant should submit the copies of all the searches and
examination reports including claims allowed in respect of any family
applications including CIP’s, divisional, etc. as the applicant is under
continued obligation to provide such details.
TIME LIMIT & PARTICULARS
7. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
Violation of Sec 8 has far reaching consequences, which can be a ground for
•Pre-grant opposition under 25(1)(h).
that the applicant has failed to disclose to the Controller the information
required by section 8 or has furnished the information which in any
material particular was false to his knowledge;
•Post-grant opposition under 25(2)(h).
that the patentee has failed to disclose to the Controller the information
required by section 8 or has furnished the information which in any
material particular was false to his knowledge;
•Revocation sunder Sec 64(1)(m).
that the applicant for the patent has failed to disclose to the Controller the
information required by section 8 or has furnished information which in any
material particular was false to his knowledge;
CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLATING
SECTION 8:
8. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
CASE LAW I- VIOLATING SECTION 8
Revocation of Hindustan Unilever limited’s patent by
Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB):
HUL’s Patent:
Patent No. IN195937 (filter cartridge for use in gravity flow
filtration).
Date of grant: August 26, 2005
Launched Product “pureit” on 2008.
Tata Chemicals Ltd:
A water purifier named “SWACH” in the following year.
HUL had filed a suit for infringement.
Tata Chemicals Ltd. objected the validity of the patent IN195937
on various grounds, section 8 being one among others.
9. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
The IPAB revoked HUL’s patent on the basis that HUL violated Section 8 of
the Indian Patent Act. Excerpts from the IPAB’s order:
•Patent Application No.709/MUM/2002 was filed on 7.8.2002. Form-3
was filed on the same day.
•The respondent had filed an application in Great Britain, Thailand,
Japan as a domestic application and a PCT application.
•On 25.07.2003, the details of the Great Britain filing were submitted
but nothing else.
• ISR and IPER were issued but not submitted.
•The knowledge of the prior art is not the same as the opinion of the
EPO. In this case, we sustain the objection raised by the applicant
regarding Section 64(1)(m). The patent is liable to be revoked on this
ground also.
10. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
CASE LAW II- VIOLATING SECTION
8
Revocation of two Allergan’s patent by Intellectual Property
Appellate Board (IPAB):
Ajanta Pharma Ltd, a leading Indian drug maker had filed for
revocation of two Allergan’s patents on Ganfort (Patent No. 212695)
and Combigan (Patent No. 219504) on the grounds of "obviousness,
insufficiency and non-disclosure of information under Section 8.
The IPAB passed a judgment in favor of Ajanta Pharma
revoking the two patents, wherein violation of Section 8
was one of the reasons for revocation.
11. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
The counsel submitted that Form 3 of 20.01.2004 furnished by the
respondent in IPO indicated that Korea, New Zealand, Canada,
China and Japan were pending applications. However, the
application numbers of the same were not disclosed.
Exhibit EA 1 of the Miscellaneous Petition clearly indicates that
these application numbers had been generated.
The learned counsel for the applicant submitted a respondent
wide letter on January 20, 2005 to submit the details as and
when available. However, no such information was provided to
the Patent Office.
12. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
CASE LAW III- VIOLATING SECTION 8
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. ..... Plaintiff
MAJ. (RETD) SUKESH BEHL & ANR ..... Defendants
An infringement suit has been filed by Plaintiff Koninklijke
Philips Electronics N.V. against Maj. (Retd.) Sukesh Behl,
proprietor M/s. Pearl Engineering Company (Defendant No.1)
and M/s. Pearl Engineering Company (Defendant No.2) for
permanent injunction to restrain the Defendants from
infringing the Plaintiff's Essential DVD Video/DVD ROM Disc
Patents, in particular Indian Patent registered under No.
218255 and for other incidental reliefs.
13. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
Philips sued Sukesh Behl for infringement and in turn was
charged with the risk of invalidation for allegedly failing to
comply with Section 8 of the Act. It was alleged that
Philips did not submit the details of corresponding foreign
applications within the prescribed three months time
under Section 8 of the Act. It contended that since there
was an obvious suppression of vital information, “the
ground for vacation of patent” under Section 64(1) (m)
was prima facie attracted.
14. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
Philips, in its defence, submitted an affidavit from the
patent agent who prosecuted the patent that only one of
the pages containing additional information was
inadvertently omitted. A paralegal had failed to
photocopy the back of a document while submitting the
application. Philips further submitted that the failure to
file additional information under Section 8 was
inadvertent and accordingly does not prejudice the
prosecution of the said patent. The Court agreed and
denied the defendant's request to revoke the patent.
15. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
The Section is amended to provide the information relating to the
invention lacking novelty or patentability and the amendments
effected to the specification or claims” This clearly shows that
legislature intended this information submitted by the applicant to
assist the Controller in examining the patent.
This provision was introduced when the Indian patent office did
not have ready access to the information in relation to foreign
patents.
CONCLUSION
16. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
In view thereof, the patent office should ideally come out
with the clear guidance as to what is required to be
submitted and when to comply with the requirements of
Section 8. However, the applicant will still have to
diligently analyze all the documents relating to the
processing of the patent application outside India
periodically to identify the documents that need to be
filed before the Indian Patent Office, to avoid any
challenge either during the prosecution or post grant of
Indian patent.
17. CHENNAI
III Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 24984821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 65462400
COIMBATORE
#1533, Trichy Road,
Coimbatore – 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 - 6552921
HYDERABAD
Flat No. A-701,
Brindavan Apartments,
Niloufer Hospital Road,
Redhills, Hyderabad - 500034.
Tel: +91 - 40 - 60506009
COCHIN
Suite 49, 8th Floor, Centre A,
Alapatt Heritage Building,
MG Road, Cochin – 682035
Tel: +91 - 484 - 6506216
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
THANK YOU