The valuation is an essential part of any investment, we provided basics of thinking and calculations. It was presented in our meetup group, it can be used as referenced for future study.
Russell Luce • Foresters Equity Services
- Slicing the market: An active manager's view of a complex investment world by Ron Rowland
- Recession job losses finally recovered
- Profit with business valuation (Mark Miehe, SII Investments)
CreativeCap Advisors is a marketing and investor relations consultancy with extensive knowledge and expertise on the investment management industry. The firm works extensively with newly launched funds to more established managers in helping to solidify their market position and attract new capital. The breadth of service offerings is a testament to the firm’s 360° approach to marketing and investor relations. It is complimented by a dedicated team who are focused on bringing their clients’ business to the next level. The firm takes a holistic approach to reviewing each business and generates a cohesive strategy tailored to each specific client. Through our affiliate networks around the world, the firm excels at elevating and positioning each fund in becoming the most attractive to varying types of capital. CreativeCap Advisors at the core is a business designed to assist and integrate with investment management firms by working alongside C-level executives who are seeking to further expand their business.
Contact For More Information: Tyra Jeffries, Founder + CEO | tyra.jeffries@creativecapadvisors.com
The Art and Science of Valuing Private CompaniesBrad D. Cherniak
- Thoughts for early- to growth-stage to mature private technology and technology-enabled service companies.
A white paper from Sapient Capital Partners.
Crowd-sourced Alpha: The Search for the Holy Grail of InvestingQuantopian
It has been said that diversification is the only free lunch. Join Dr. Jess Stauth, vice president of quant strategy at Quantopian, and learn about the criteria we are using to select crowd-sourced algorithms with uncorrelated returns streams to achieve consistent market outperformance.
Quantopian provides this presentation to help people write trading algorithms - it is not intended to provide investment advice.
More specifically, the material is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell, a solicitation to buy, or a recommendation or endorsement for any security or strategy, nor does it constitute an offer to provide investment advisory or other services by Quantopian.
In addition, the content neither constitutes investment advice nor offers any opinion with respect to the suitability of any security or any specific investment. Quantopian makes no guarantees as to accuracy or completeness of the views expressed in the website. The views are subject to change, and may have become unreliable for various reasons, including changes in market conditions or economic circumstances.
Quantopian is Launching a Crowd-sourced Hedge Fundkelmstrom
Crowd-sourcing opens a fire hose of ideas.
Diversity of ideas will result in a diversified hedge fund portfolio.
Quantopian has unique access to tens of thousands of quants which allows for idea generation at an unprecedented scale.
Quantopian provides a platform for you to build, test, and execute trading algorithms. Live trading algorithms can become part of our crowd-sourced hedge fund where top quant talent is matched with outside investor capital.
https://www.quantopian.com/home
Steve Miller • Transamerica Financial Advisors
- Active management in plain English: An advisor's perspective by Greg Gann
- Spike in VIX briefly shatters market calm
- Making a 10-year succession plan work (John Gutfranski & Debra White Stephens, Cetera Advisor Networks LLC)
"Snake Oil, Swamp Land, and Factor-Based Investing" by Gary Antonacci, author...Quantopian
BlackRock forecasts smart beta investing oriented toward size, value, quality, momentum, and low volatility to reach $1 trillion by 2020 and $2.4 trillion by 2025. Gary’s talk will show that this growth may not be justified due to these factors' lack of robustness, consistency, persistence, intuitiveness, and investability. Gary will also show that the success attributed to these factors would be better directed toward macro momentum and the short interest ratio.
Material used in the Entrepreneurship course (Bachelor in Management) at the Toulouse Business School (Barcelona Campus)
November 2017
Brief review of the different stages in the life of a Start Up company, type of investors, valuation methods, the importance of growth management
Algorithmic Finance Meetup: Starmine Short Interest Talk Quantopian
With the commoditization of such basic quant factors as value and momentum, in recent years systematic investors have turned more and more to sentiment based alpha signals. Aggregated open short interest level provides a profitable, low turnover signal rooted in buy-side sentiment, aka "the smart money." Dr. Stauth will cover the basics of short selling and data availability and will review the research and proprietary formulation of the StarMine short interest model as well as covering a range of sample trading strategies.
The second presentation from Vienna Value Investing meetup, wee discussed value decomposition, how to estimate asset value and how to predict future earnings of a stock.
Russell Luce • Foresters Equity Services
- Slicing the market: An active manager's view of a complex investment world by Ron Rowland
- Recession job losses finally recovered
- Profit with business valuation (Mark Miehe, SII Investments)
CreativeCap Advisors is a marketing and investor relations consultancy with extensive knowledge and expertise on the investment management industry. The firm works extensively with newly launched funds to more established managers in helping to solidify their market position and attract new capital. The breadth of service offerings is a testament to the firm’s 360° approach to marketing and investor relations. It is complimented by a dedicated team who are focused on bringing their clients’ business to the next level. The firm takes a holistic approach to reviewing each business and generates a cohesive strategy tailored to each specific client. Through our affiliate networks around the world, the firm excels at elevating and positioning each fund in becoming the most attractive to varying types of capital. CreativeCap Advisors at the core is a business designed to assist and integrate with investment management firms by working alongside C-level executives who are seeking to further expand their business.
Contact For More Information: Tyra Jeffries, Founder + CEO | tyra.jeffries@creativecapadvisors.com
The Art and Science of Valuing Private CompaniesBrad D. Cherniak
- Thoughts for early- to growth-stage to mature private technology and technology-enabled service companies.
A white paper from Sapient Capital Partners.
Crowd-sourced Alpha: The Search for the Holy Grail of InvestingQuantopian
It has been said that diversification is the only free lunch. Join Dr. Jess Stauth, vice president of quant strategy at Quantopian, and learn about the criteria we are using to select crowd-sourced algorithms with uncorrelated returns streams to achieve consistent market outperformance.
Quantopian provides this presentation to help people write trading algorithms - it is not intended to provide investment advice.
More specifically, the material is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell, a solicitation to buy, or a recommendation or endorsement for any security or strategy, nor does it constitute an offer to provide investment advisory or other services by Quantopian.
In addition, the content neither constitutes investment advice nor offers any opinion with respect to the suitability of any security or any specific investment. Quantopian makes no guarantees as to accuracy or completeness of the views expressed in the website. The views are subject to change, and may have become unreliable for various reasons, including changes in market conditions or economic circumstances.
Quantopian is Launching a Crowd-sourced Hedge Fundkelmstrom
Crowd-sourcing opens a fire hose of ideas.
Diversity of ideas will result in a diversified hedge fund portfolio.
Quantopian has unique access to tens of thousands of quants which allows for idea generation at an unprecedented scale.
Quantopian provides a platform for you to build, test, and execute trading algorithms. Live trading algorithms can become part of our crowd-sourced hedge fund where top quant talent is matched with outside investor capital.
https://www.quantopian.com/home
Steve Miller • Transamerica Financial Advisors
- Active management in plain English: An advisor's perspective by Greg Gann
- Spike in VIX briefly shatters market calm
- Making a 10-year succession plan work (John Gutfranski & Debra White Stephens, Cetera Advisor Networks LLC)
"Snake Oil, Swamp Land, and Factor-Based Investing" by Gary Antonacci, author...Quantopian
BlackRock forecasts smart beta investing oriented toward size, value, quality, momentum, and low volatility to reach $1 trillion by 2020 and $2.4 trillion by 2025. Gary’s talk will show that this growth may not be justified due to these factors' lack of robustness, consistency, persistence, intuitiveness, and investability. Gary will also show that the success attributed to these factors would be better directed toward macro momentum and the short interest ratio.
Material used in the Entrepreneurship course (Bachelor in Management) at the Toulouse Business School (Barcelona Campus)
November 2017
Brief review of the different stages in the life of a Start Up company, type of investors, valuation methods, the importance of growth management
Algorithmic Finance Meetup: Starmine Short Interest Talk Quantopian
With the commoditization of such basic quant factors as value and momentum, in recent years systematic investors have turned more and more to sentiment based alpha signals. Aggregated open short interest level provides a profitable, low turnover signal rooted in buy-side sentiment, aka "the smart money." Dr. Stauth will cover the basics of short selling and data availability and will review the research and proprietary formulation of the StarMine short interest model as well as covering a range of sample trading strategies.
The second presentation from Vienna Value Investing meetup, wee discussed value decomposition, how to estimate asset value and how to predict future earnings of a stock.
Startup finance: valuation of tech companiesRianne Vogels
Tech startups operate under great uncertainty, and this makes their financial valuation difficult. I reviewed the literature and interviewed 26 venture capitalists about their methods. This presentation introduces a variety of valuation approaches, along with their advantages and drawbacks. The slide deck was developed for the Norwegian School of Entrepreneurship.
Stepping into a role which requires business finance knowledge? Here is a short guide offering advice, tools, and expertise that you will need to equip yourself with to be successful. Check out our Diploma in Business Finance for more.
Executives pay too much attention to something they can't directly control: their company's share price. But they do control the decisions -- the inputs to business performance -- that affect the intrinsic value of the company. Make the right decisions to increase intrinsic value and your share price will follow. You can do this by focusing your attention on three factors: investor expectations (embedded in your current share price), how value is created and consumed in your industry, and your own strategic agenda.
As Associate Principal at The Monitor Group (now Monitor Deloitte) in China, part of my of my role was helping train 1st Year consultants. This is the summary presentation from a day long Masterclass in the commonly used techniques in assessing a firm's "true" value.
Presentation on Fairshare Model made by Karl Sjogren on Oct. 14, 2014 to Silicon Valley chapter of Nat'l. Asso. for Business Economics.
The Fairshare Model is a performance-based capital structure for companies that raise venture-capital via a crowdfunded IPO
'Business valuation' stands as a cornerstone for numerous transactions, decisions, and analyses
in the complex world of business. Whether your business is an asset you plan to sell or
something you plan to pass down to your family, it is very important to understand the nuances
of business valuations. This article aims to clarify the concept of business valuation and shed
light on getting a professional business valuation.
What's competitive advantage and how to find it?
We went over major value based ratio and margins. Just keep on mind two rules of competitive advantage it never lives alone and it is created over time(consistency).
We have discussed how stock market really works, with details how to set up brokerage account, tax obligations, spread when buying also enter and exit strategy.
The presentation shows fundamentals of value investing, and presenter own tips how to become value investor. It is part of Vienna Value Investing meetup more info here: https://www.meetup.com/Vienna-Value-Investing-Meetup/.
The presentation is showing Mint It vision for future of self-directed investors in stock market. Please join our early adopters list via www.mintit.eu.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Why this meetup?
CREATE VALUE INVESTING HUB IN VIENNA
SHARE IDEAS AND EXPERIENCE AMONG MEMBERS
LEARNING INVESTMENT RESEARCH TOGETHER
THIS IS AN OPEN DISCUSSION MEETUP, PLEASE ASK
WHENEVER YOU LIKE
3. Who are we?
MARTIN BODOCKY
CEO OF MINT AI
AI AND FINTECH GEEK
SOFTWARE ARCHITECT
PROUD “NEWBIE” FATHER
JEAN PHILIPPE TISSOT
VALUE INVESTOR / BUSINESS ENTREPRENEUR
THE TISSOT AYRAM PARTNERSHIP
HOTPOD YOGA VIENNA
EX BNP AND J.P MORGAN
4. Disclaimer
WE ARE NOT INVESTMENT ADVISORS.
WE ARE NOT RECOMMENDING TO BUY OR SELL.
WE ARE NOT TAX ADVISORS.
ANY DECISION YOU CONCLUDED FROM THIS SESSION
IS YOURS NOT OURS, YOU ARE IN CONTROL.
5. Agenda
1. INVESTING, SPECULATION AND BIAS
2. VALUATION VS PRICING
3. VALUATION MODELS
4. DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODEL
5. DISCOUNT CASH FLOW MODEL
7. INVESTOR
• ANALYSE COMPANY, ITS
UNDERLYING ASSETS
• ASPIRE “ADEQUATE”,
NOT EXTRAORDINARY
RETURNS
• JUDGE BASED ON
ESTABLISHED
STANDARDS OF VALUE
SPECULATOR
• GAMBLES WHETHER
STOCK GOES UP OR
DOWN
• DAILY QUOTES OR
RECOMMENDATIONS
ARE LIKE OXYGEN
• BASED THEIR
STANDARDS OF VALUE
UPON THE MARKET
PRICE
8. Bias
THE BIGGEST ENEMY OF A GOOD VALUATION IS BIAS.
TO MINIMIZE BIAS IN VALUATION, YOU SHOULD
• A. READ/REVIEW WHAT OTHER PEOPLE THINK
ABOUT THE VALUE OF A COMPANY
• B. MEET WITH THE MANAGEMENT OF THE
COMPANY
• C. LOOK AT THE MARKET PRICE
• D. GET PAID MORE TO DO THE VALUATION
• E. NONE OF THE ABOVE
14. The Number Cruncher
APPEAL
NUMBER PROVIDES
SENSE OF CONTROL, A
SENSE OF PRECISION
AND THE APPEARANCE
OF OBJECTIVITY.
DANGER
WITHOUT NARRATIVES
TO BACK THEM UP,
NUMBERS CAN BE EASILY
MANIPULATED, USED TO
HIDE BIAS OR TO
INTIMIDATE THOSE NOT
IN THE LOOP.
15. The Storyteller
APPEAL
STORIES ARE MORE
EASILY REMEMBERED
THAN NUMBERS AND
CONNECT WITH HUMAN
EMOTIONS.
DANGER
STORIES THAT ARE NOT
ANCHORED TO OR
CONNECTED WITH
NUMBERS CAN VEER
INTO FAIRY TALES,
LEADING TO UNREAL
VALUATIONS.
17. Valuation Vs. Pricing
VALUATION
RELATES THE VALUE OF
AN ASSETS TO ITS
INTRINSIC
CHARACTERISTICS
MAINLY ITS CAPACITY
GENERATE CASH FLOWS
AND RISK OF
INVESTMENT
PRICING
ESTIMATES THE VALUE
OF AN ASSET BY
LOOKING AT THE
PRICING OF
“COMPARABLE” ASSETS
18. Drivers of market price
MOMENTUM/MOOD
GROUP THINKING
LIQUIDITY
INCREMENTAL INFORMATION
19. Drivers of value
CASH FLOW FROM EXISTING ASSETS
VALUE ADDED BY GROWTH ASSETS
WHEN THE FIRM BECOMES MATURE
RISK OF THE CASH FLOWS
20. Dividend Discount model
VALUE OF STOCK =
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 −𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
• MATURE COMPANIES WITH STABLE DIVIDENDS
• CAN BE MODEL BY ONE GROWTH RATE, BUT MULTI-STAGE
MODEL CAN BE MORE PREFERABLE WHEN EXPECTING
BUSINESS TO CHANGE
• NOT SUITABLE FOR HIGH-GROWTH BUSINESSES
• DIVIDENDS CAN BE REPLACE BY RETAINED EARNINGS IN
SOME EXTEND (CHANGE OF LIQUID CASH)
21. Discount Rate and Dividend growth rate
DISCOUNT RATE – IS COMPANY’S COST OF EQUITY
COST OF EQUITY = RISK FREE RATE + BETA COEFFICIENT ×
MARKET RISK PREMIUM [MARKET RATE OF RETURN − RISK
FREE RATE]
DIVIDEND GROWTH RATE – THE COMPANY’S EXPECTATION
OF FUTURE DIVIDEND RATE OR YOUR ESTIMATION OF ITS
GROWTH
22. Discount Cash flow model
PHILOSOPHY – EVERY ASSET HAS AN INTRINSIC VALUE
THAT CAN BE ESTIMATED, BASED UPON CASH FLOWS,
GROWTH AND RISK.
WHAT IS NEEDED:
• ESTIMATE THE LIFE OF THE ASSET
• ESTIMATE THE CASH FLOWS DURING THAT LIFE
• ESTIMATE DISCOUNT RATE TO APPLY TO THESE CASH
FLOWS TO GET PRESENT VALUE
23. Advantages vs. Disadvantages
ADVANTAGES
• LESS VOLATILE THAN
MARKET PRICE
• BUYING BUSINESS
• FORCES YOU THINK
ABOUT UNDERLYING
BUSINESS
• LONG-TERM HORIZON
DISADVANTAGES
• COMPLEX ON ESTIMATIONS
• CAN BE MANIPULATED BY
ITS AUTHOR
• CANNOT ASSURE THAT
MARKET WILL CORRECT ITS
PRICE
• IT IS CRAFT NOT SCIENCE
• UNCERTAINTY OF THE
MAGNITUDE
24. When DCF works best
PHILOSOPHY – THIS MODEL IS DESIGNED TO USE ASSETS
THAT DERIVE THEIR VALUE FROM THEIR CAPACITY TO
GENERATE CASH FLOWS IN THE FUTURE.
INVESTOR NEEDS TO:
• HAVE A LONG TIME HORIZON, ALLOWING MARKET TO
CORRECT ITSELF
• BE CAPABLE OF PROVIDING CATALYST TO MOVE ITS
PRICE TO ITS VALUE
• BE NOT EASILY SWAYED OR AFFECTED BY MARKET
MOVEMENTS THAT ARE CONTRARY TO THEIR “VALUE”
VIEWS
26. Calculation of DCF
DCF =
𝐶𝐹1
(1+𝑟)1+
𝐶𝐹2
(1+𝑟)2 + … +
𝐶𝐹 𝑛
(1+𝑟) 𝑛 + T
R - DISCOUNT RATE – WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL
CF – FREE CASH FLOW
T – TERMINAL VALUE
FREE CASH FLOW = CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES – CAPITAL EXPENDITURE (CAPEX)
27. Weighted Average Cost of Capital
MEASURES A COMPANY COST TO BORROW MONEY
WACC =
𝐸
𝑉
∗ 𝑅 𝐸 +
𝐷
𝑉
∗ 𝑅 𝐷 ∗ (1 − 𝑇 𝐶 )
E – MARKET VALUE OF THE COMPANY’S EQUITY
D – MARKET VALUE OF THE COMPANY’S DEBT
𝑅 𝐸 - COST OF EQUITY
𝑅 𝐷 - COST OF DEBT
V = E+D
𝑇 𝐶 - CORPORATE TAX RATE
28. Correcting Accounting Earnings
• MAKE SURE THAT THERE ARE NO FINANCIAL EXPENSES MIXED IN WITH
OPERATING EXPENSES
• Financial expense: Any commitment that is tax deductible that you have to meet no
matter what your operating results: Failure to meet it leads to loss of control of the
business.
• Example: Operating Leases: While accounting convention treats operating leases as
operating expenses, they are really financial expenses and need to be reclassified as
such. This has no effect on equity earnings but does change the operating earnings
• MAKE SURE THAT THERE ARE NO CAPITAL EXPENSES MIXED IN WITH THE
OPERATING EXPENSES
• Capital expense: Any expense that is expected to generate benefits over multiple
periods.
• R & D Adjustment: Since R&D is a capital expenditure (rather than an operating
expense), the operating income has to be adjusted to reflect its treatment.
29. Valuation questioner
Item Key questions Key output
Cash flows from
existing investments
How much capital is invested in existing assets?
How much did the firm earn on these assets?
Current revenues
Current earnings
Current capital invested(Debt +
Equity – Cash)
Future growth How much growth from new investments ?
How much growth from improved efficiency?
Revenue growth
Operating margin
Quality of growth How much new capital will the firm have to invest
to deliver that growth?
Reinvestment
Return on invested capital
Operating risk What businesses does the firm operate in?
What countries does the firm operate in?
Relative risk(Beta)
Equity risk premium
Cost of capital
Financial risk How much debt does the firm have?
Are there any other contractual commitments?
Debt ratio
Cost of debt
Other assets/claims Are there any non-operating assets?
Are there other claims on the equity?
Non-operating assets
Minority interests
Options outstanding
31. What’s next?
• VIENNA VALUE INVESTING HUB
• VALUATION COURSE – STILL OPENS FOR EARLY 2018
• FINANCIAL BEHAVIOUR – JANUARY 2018
BODOCKY@GMAIL.COM
JEANPHILIPPETISSOTAYRAM@GMAIL.COM