The document discusses limiting and excess reactants using egg sandwich and chemical reaction analogies. It explains that the limiting reactant is completely consumed during a reaction and produces the lesser amount of product, while the excess reactant is not fully used and can produce more product. Examples then determine which reactant is limiting and which is excess based on theoretical product calculations when given mass amounts of reactants.

2. Limiting and Excess Reactants
Kenneth Frias

3. Egg Sandwich Analogy:

4. Egg Sandwich Analogy:

5. Limiting vs. Excess Reactant
• Limiting reactant is completely consumed
after a reaction; it is expected to produce
lesser amount of product.
• Excess reactant is NOT completely consumed
after a reaction; it is expected to produce
more amount of product.

6. Egg Sandwich Analogy (Item/Piece):
• How many egg sandwiches can be made from
10 eggs and 10 slices of bread?
• Which is the “limiting reactant?”
• Which is the “excess reactant?”

7. Egg Sandwich Analogy (Item/Piece):
• How many egg sandwiches can be made from
10 eggs and 10 slices of bread?=5 sandwiches
• Which is the “limiting reactant?”=bread
• Which is the “excess reactant?”=egg

8. Egg Sandwich Analogy (Mass):
• How many egg sandwiches can be made from
120 g of eggs and 120 g of bread slices?
• Which is the “limiting reactant?”
• Which is the “excess reactant?”

9. Egg Sandwich Analogy (Mass):
• How many egg sandwiches can be made from
120 g of eggs and 120 g of bread slices?=2
• Which is the “limiting reactant?”=bread
• Which is the “excess reactant?”=egg

10. • Limiting reactant is completely consumed
after a reaction; it theoretically produces
lesser amount of product.
• Excess reactant is NOT completely consumed
after a reaction; it theoretically produces
more amount of product.

11. Example:
• If 5 grams of hydrogen reacts with 5 grams of
oxygen to produce water, which reactant will
be completely consumed (limiting) and which
reactant will have residue (excess)?

12. Example:
• If 5 grams of hydrogen reacts with 5 grams of
oxygen to produce water, which reactant will
be completely consumed (limiting) and which
reactant will have residue (excess)?

13. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

14. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

15. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

16. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

17. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

18. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

19. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

20. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

21. Write the Balanced Reaction:
2𝐻2 + 𝑂22𝐻2O
Convert Mole (coefficient) to Mass (gram)

22. Theoretical product of 5 grams of hydrogen

23. Theoretical product of 5 grams of hydrogen

24. Theoretical product of 5 grams of hydrogen

25. Theoretical product of 5 grams of hydrogen

26. Theoretical product of 5 grams of hydrogen

27. Theoretical product of 5 grams of hydrogen =
44.69 g H2O (x)

28. Theoretical product of 5 grams of oxygen

29. Theoretical product of 5 grams of oxygen

30. Theoretical product of 5 grams of oxygen

31. Theoretical product of 5 grams of oxygen

32. Theoretical product of 5 grams of oxygen

33. Theoretical product of 5 grams of oxygen
= 5.63 g H2O (y)

34. COMPARE the Expected Amount of Products:
5 grams of hydrogen:
5 grams of oxygen:

35. COMPARE the Expected Amount of Products:
5 grams of hydrogen:
5 grams of oxygen:

36. COMPARE the Expected Amount of Products:
5 grams of hydrogen:
5 grams of oxygen:

37. From the computation, it means that:
• 5 grams of hydrogen is expected to produce
44.69 grams water.
• 5 grams of oxygen is expected to produce 5.63
grams water.
Therefore:
• The limiting reactant is Oxygen (LESSER
theoretical product); it will be completely
consumed in the reaction.
• The excess reactant is Hydrogen (MORE
theoretical product); it will NOT be completely
consumed in the reaction.

38. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will be consumed in the reaction?

39. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will be consumed in the reaction?

40. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will be consumed in the reaction?

41. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will be consumed in the reaction?

42. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will be consumed in the reaction?

43. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will be consumed in the reaction?

44. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will be consumed in the reaction? 0.63 g of H2

45. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will remain after the reaction?
• 5 grams of hydrogen used minus 0.63 grams
consumed hydrogen =
• 4.37 grams of excess hydrogen after the
reaction

46. How many grams of excess reactant (hydrogen)
will remain after the reaction? 4.37 g of H2
• 5 grams of hydrogen used minus 0.63 grams
consumed hydrogen =
• 4.37 grams of excess hydrogen after the
reaction

47. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

48. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

49. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

50. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

51. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

52. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

53. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

54. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

55. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

56. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

57. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

58. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

59. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

60. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

61. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

62. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

63. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

64. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

65. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

66. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

67. If 10 grams of nitrogen reacts with 5 grams of
hydrogen to produce ammonia, which
reactant will be completely consumed
(limiting) and which reactant will have residue
(excess)?

68. Compare the theoretical products of 10 g
nitrogen and 5 g hydrogen:

69. Compare the theoretical products of 10 g
nitrogen and 5 g hydrogen:

70. Compare the theoretical products of 10 g
nitrogen and 5 g hydrogen:

71. Therefore:
• Limiting reactant = nitrogen
• Excess reactant = hydrogen

72. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will be consumed in the reaction?

73. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will be consumed in the reaction?

74. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will be consumed in the reaction?

75. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will be consumed in the reaction?

76. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will be consumed in the reaction?

77. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will be consumed in the reaction?

78. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will remain after the reaction?

79. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will remain after the reaction?

80. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will remain after the reaction?

81. How many grams of excess reactant (5 grams of
hydrogen) will remain after the reaction?

82. Summary:
• Limiting reactant will be completely consumed
after the reaction.
• Limiting reactant theoretically produces
LESSER amount of product.
• Excess reactant will NOT be completely
consumed after the reaction.
• Excess reactant theoretically produces MORE
amount of product.

83. Thank you.

84. <Sub-topic type here>
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